Approaches in-ss
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•294 views
This document discusses the dominant approaches and ideas in social sciences. It focuses on positivism and structural-functionalism. Positivism asserts that all claims can be scientifically verified through rational empirical evidence. Structural-functionalism views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. It claims that all parts of society contribute to its functional operation. The document outlines key thinkers in these approaches like Auguste Comte, Emile Durkheim, and their concepts of social structure, functions, and dysfunctions. It also notes strengths like emphasizing social order, but criticisms around ignoring social change, inequality, and conflict.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Disciplines of Social Sciences
This document provides etymologies and definitions for various social science disciplines:
- Anthropology is the study of human beings and societies, both past and present. Demography is the study of human populations and dynamics. Economics is the study of rational human behavior in fulfilling needs and wants.
- Geography deals with the relationship between the earth and people. Linguistics focuses on languages, including aspects like sounds, grammar, and meaning. History studies past events and their documentation.
- Political science deals with systems of governance. Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Sociology studies groups, how they form and change, and how groups impact individuals.
The document lists founders and descriptions
Structural Functionalism
The document discusses Structural Functionalism as a sociological theory that views society as a structure made up of interrelated parts that work together to meet the needs of individuals. Key aspects of the theory include that social systems maintain order and equilibrium through the interdependence of institutions, and that each part impacts and adapts to other parts. The document outlines the theorists associated with Structural Functionalism and its key ideas, assumptions, and criticisms.
DISS - Approaches - Structural Functionalism
The document outlines several dominant approaches in the social sciences, including structural functionalism, Marxism, symbolic interactionism, psychoanalysis, rational choice theory, institutionalism, feminist theory, hermeneutical phenomenology, and the human-environment system. It provides more detailed descriptions of structural functionalism and Marxism. Structural functionalism views society as a complex system with interconnected parts that work together to maintain stability and equilibrium. It analyzes how societal elements function in a manifest or latent manner. Marxism, developed by Karl Marx, focuses on industrialism and conflicts between social classes.
SHS Powerpoint Nation,State,Globalisation(POLITICS)
The Philippine judicial and legal system, including its legal education system, blends elements of civil law inherited from the Spaniards and American common law. For instance, civil code procedures on family and property matters, among others, and the absence of jury trials are attributable to the Spanish civil law influences. However, most of the more significant laws governing trade and commerce, taxation, labor relations, and governmental operations, as well as the principle of judicial precedents are an American derivation. In the hierarchy of laws, the Constitution has the highest legal force, followed by domestic statutes. In addition, generally accepted principles of international law and judicial precedents (i.e., decisions of the Supreme Court) also form part of the laws of the land.
BECOMING A MEMBER OF SOCIETY.pptx
This document discusses several key concepts related to becoming a member of society, including:
1. Socialization and enculturation are the processes by which people learn the requirements of their surrounding culture and acquire the necessary values and behaviors.
2. Agents of socialization like family, school, and peer groups play an important role in introducing individuals to their culture and integrating them as accepted members of society.
3. Conformity and deviance - while most people conform to social norms, some behaviors deviate from what is expected or approved in a culture. Deviance can take different forms like innovating, retreating, or rebelling.
Rational-Choice-Theory.pptx
Rational choice theory (RCT) proposes that all human behavior is rationally motivated to maximize personal utility even if it appears irrational. RCT views individuals as making choices by weighing costs and benefits to optimize outcomes based on their preferences. RCT assumes that individuals make rational decisions to maximize benefits while minimizing costs, and that social phenomena arise from the aggregate of individual choices rather than external social forces.
Social Science
Social science is the study of human society and social relationships. It examines how people behave and influence the world in groups. The main social science disciplines are anthropology, economics, geography, history, linguistics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Social sciences help understand how to shape lives through areas like understanding climate change, cultural diversity, and governance. They provide insight on managing resources, social interactions, and human development over time.
BRANCHES OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
SOCIAL SCIENCE is made up several disciplines and these include history, political science, sociology, psychology, economics, geography, and demography, and anthropology, and linguistics.
Recommended
Disciplines of Social Sciences
This document provides etymologies and definitions for various social science disciplines:
- Anthropology is the study of human beings and societies, both past and present. Demography is the study of human populations and dynamics. Economics is the study of rational human behavior in fulfilling needs and wants.
- Geography deals with the relationship between the earth and people. Linguistics focuses on languages, including aspects like sounds, grammar, and meaning. History studies past events and their documentation.
- Political science deals with systems of governance. Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Sociology studies groups, how they form and change, and how groups impact individuals.
The document lists founders and descriptions
Structural Functionalism
The document discusses Structural Functionalism as a sociological theory that views society as a structure made up of interrelated parts that work together to meet the needs of individuals. Key aspects of the theory include that social systems maintain order and equilibrium through the interdependence of institutions, and that each part impacts and adapts to other parts. The document outlines the theorists associated with Structural Functionalism and its key ideas, assumptions, and criticisms.
DISS - Approaches - Structural Functionalism
The document outlines several dominant approaches in the social sciences, including structural functionalism, Marxism, symbolic interactionism, psychoanalysis, rational choice theory, institutionalism, feminist theory, hermeneutical phenomenology, and the human-environment system. It provides more detailed descriptions of structural functionalism and Marxism. Structural functionalism views society as a complex system with interconnected parts that work together to maintain stability and equilibrium. It analyzes how societal elements function in a manifest or latent manner. Marxism, developed by Karl Marx, focuses on industrialism and conflicts between social classes.
SHS Powerpoint Nation,State,Globalisation(POLITICS)
The Philippine judicial and legal system, including its legal education system, blends elements of civil law inherited from the Spaniards and American common law. For instance, civil code procedures on family and property matters, among others, and the absence of jury trials are attributable to the Spanish civil law influences. However, most of the more significant laws governing trade and commerce, taxation, labor relations, and governmental operations, as well as the principle of judicial precedents are an American derivation. In the hierarchy of laws, the Constitution has the highest legal force, followed by domestic statutes. In addition, generally accepted principles of international law and judicial precedents (i.e., decisions of the Supreme Court) also form part of the laws of the land.
BECOMING A MEMBER OF SOCIETY.pptx
This document discusses several key concepts related to becoming a member of society, including:
1. Socialization and enculturation are the processes by which people learn the requirements of their surrounding culture and acquire the necessary values and behaviors.
2. Agents of socialization like family, school, and peer groups play an important role in introducing individuals to their culture and integrating them as accepted members of society.
3. Conformity and deviance - while most people conform to social norms, some behaviors deviate from what is expected or approved in a culture. Deviance can take different forms like innovating, retreating, or rebelling.
Rational-Choice-Theory.pptx
Rational choice theory (RCT) proposes that all human behavior is rationally motivated to maximize personal utility even if it appears irrational. RCT views individuals as making choices by weighing costs and benefits to optimize outcomes based on their preferences. RCT assumes that individuals make rational decisions to maximize benefits while minimizing costs, and that social phenomena arise from the aggregate of individual choices rather than external social forces.
Social Science
Social science is the study of human society and social relationships. It examines how people behave and influence the world in groups. The main social science disciplines are anthropology, economics, geography, history, linguistics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Social sciences help understand how to shape lives through areas like understanding climate change, cultural diversity, and governance. They provide insight on managing resources, social interactions, and human development over time.
BRANCHES OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
SOCIAL SCIENCE is made up several disciplines and these include history, political science, sociology, psychology, economics, geography, and demography, and anthropology, and linguistics.
The socialsciencedisciplines
This document discusses the key social science disciplines and their focus areas. It defines sociology as the study of relationships among humans and groups living together in societies. Anthropology is described as the study of the origins, physical and cultural development of humans and their societies. Psychology is portrayed as the study of human behavior and thought processes. The document outlines economics as the study of production, distribution and consumption of resources, goods and services. Political science is presented as the study of organizations developed to make rules and laws for societies. Geography is characterized as the study of the distribution of physical environmental features and how people use the land and its resources.
Nature-and-functions-of-Social-Sciences-disciplines-with-the-natural-sciences...
1. The document discusses the nine main disciplines of social sciences: anthropology, economics, geography, history, linguistics, political science, psychology, demography, and sociology.
2. It provides a brief definition and overview of each discipline, explaining their key areas of focus and methods of study regarding human society and culture.
3. The disciplines of social sciences are interconnected and aim to explain human behavior and solve problems in society through systematic study using distinct methods.
What is-the-rational-choice-theory
Rational choice theory is an economic principle that states individuals make logical decisions based on maximizing personal benefit and interests. It assumes people actively try to maximize advantages and minimize losses by making rational calculations aimed at increasing pleasure or profit. The theory also posits that social phenomena are driven by rational decisions of individuals. Rational choice theory models human decision making, especially in microeconomics, and helps explain societal behavior through rational choices consistent with personal preferences. It is increasingly applied in other fields like evolution, politics, and warfare.
PPG - Nature of Elections and Political Parties W 5.pptx
This document discusses the nature of elections and political parties in the Philippines. It describes how the Philippines has a multi-party system with elections managed by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC). National elections follow a plurality vote system to elect the president, vice president, senators, and House representatives. Local elections similarly follow a plurality vote system to elect local government officials. Political parties are formally organized groups that participate in the electoral process to gain government power.
Sociology & Sociological Imagination
This document discusses the concept of society and how it can be studied sociologically. It addresses that society:
1) Is made up of groups of people who shape their lives in patterned ways that distinguish them from other groups.
2) Cannot be easily defined or observed as a whole object due to its complex and fluid nature, being composed of countless other components like culture, class, ethnicity.
3) Can best be studied sociologically by observing how people live their lives and interact with each other in patterned social processes that together make up the larger society.
Theoretical perspectives in sociology
This document provides summaries of several major sociological theories and perspectives:
- The functionalist perspective developed by Emile Durkheim focuses on how society functions as an interrelated system to maintain stability.
- The conflict perspective developed by Karl Marx focuses on how competition for scarce resources leads to social change and conflict.
- Max Weber's interactionist perspective focuses on how individuals interact through symbols and attach subjective meanings to actions.
It also provides brief biographies of Durkheim, Marx, and Weber, outlining their major concepts and contributions to sociology.
Polsc22 1 introduction to political philosophy
Political philosophy involves both descriptive and prescriptive dimensions. Descriptively, it seeks comprehensive knowledge about political things, such as the nature of the state and human social relationships. Prescriptively, it prescribes how the political order ought to be arranged. Political philosophers diagnose the causes of conflict and disorder in politics and then offer prescriptions or therapies to resolve conflicts, such as by identifying appropriate moral standards and forms of government. Their diagnoses and prescriptions are shaped by their views on deeper philosophical questions about human nature, ethics, and the nature of reality.
Diss lesson 2 - introducing anthro & econ
This document discusses the key social science disciplines of anthropology and economics. It provides an overview of their definitions and main areas of focus. Anthropology is defined as the study of humankind and examines aspects of human existence and culture. Its main branches are cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, biological anthropology, and archaeology. Economics is defined as the study of efficient allocation of scarce resources to satisfy human needs and wants. It is divided into microeconomics, which focuses on individual choices, and macroeconomics, which examines entire economies. The document also outlines some important principles and methods of research within each discipline.
Institutionalism
Thorstein Veblen is considered the founder of institutionalism. He developed a critique of orthodox economic theory and argued that human behavior is governed by instincts and habits formed by institutions, which are socially shared mental patterns. In his 1899 book The Theory of the Leisure Class, Veblen analyzed conspicuous consumption as a display of status rather than satisfying real needs. New institutionalism in the 1980s revived a focus on institutions across various disciplines like economics and political science. It views institutions as lenses for understanding these fields and reacted against approaches that neglected historical and social contexts. Traditional institutionalism deals with enduring social structures and the processes through which norms and rules become established guidelines for behavior over time.
Unit 2
Rational choice theory posits that people make rational decisions based on weighing costs and benefits to maximize their own utility. It assumes humans are goal-oriented and make choices by rationally calculating how different options fulfill their preferences. According to rational choice theory, social change occurs as the result of individuals making utility-maximizing choices. However, critics argue that people do not always make decisions through strict cost-benefit analysis and that rational choice theory cannot fully explain all social phenomena like altruism.
Introduction to the Disciplines of Applied Social Sciences
This document provides an introduction to applied social sciences. It defines social sciences as disciplines that systematically study social phenomena, institutions, and interpersonal relationships within human society. Applied social sciences involve applying theories and methods from various social science fields to address real-world problems. The document lists several disciplines within applied social sciences, including communication, counseling, social work, and others. It provides brief descriptions of communication, counseling, and social work, noting how they provide access to information, help with life crises, and promote social change, respectively. Students are assigned activities to discuss their new learnings about applied social sciences and interview local social science professionals.
Political science and politics
The document discusses the relationship between political science and politics. It begins by defining political science as the systematic study of the state, government, and their relationship to citizens and other states. It then contrasts politics, which deals with current issues and problems faced by governments, and political science, which studies the theory of state and government. However, the modern view presented is that there is no clear difference, as political science is the study of politics, making the terms interchangeable. The document aims to clarify the relationship between these two concepts.
AppTheories_T4
The document describes rational choice theory and how it can be used to explain individual decision-making and social outcomes. It outlines the central assumptions of rational choice theory, which are that decision-makers have logically consistent goals and choose the best available option given those goals. Experimental methods and laboratory experiments are also discussed as ways to test rational choice theory by studying individual behavior in controlled settings with financial incentives.
Nature and functions of the Social Sciences. [Autosaved].pptx
The document discusses the nature and major disciplines of social sciences. It begins by explaining that social sciences developed from moral philosophy and were influenced by historical events like the Industrial and French Revolutions. The major disciplines of social science discussed include anthropology, history, political science, psychology, economics, geography, sociology, linguistics, and demography. Social sciences are distinguished from natural sciences in that social sciences study societies and human behavior qualitatively rather than focusing on quantitative analysis of natural phenomena.
Discipline and ideas in the social science week 1
1. The document discusses several social science disciplines including history, anthropology, geography, political science, sociology, demography, and linguistics.
2. Social science is concerned with understanding society and finding solutions to social problems. It studies human behavior and societies.
3. The main social science disciplines covered are history, anthropology, geography, political science, sociology, demography, and linguistics. Each discipline is briefly defined.
UCSP PPT 1.pdf
This document provides an overview of the disciplines of anthropology, sociology, and political science. It defines each discipline, their main goals and concerns. Anthropology is defined as the scientific study of human cultures and societies. Its main goals are to describe, analyze, and explain different cultures. Sociology is defined as the scientific study of human society and social interactions, focusing on groups rather than individuals. Political science is defined as the academic study of politics, addressing empirical and normative questions about politics. It also discusses their intersections and why these three disciplines are important to study together to gain a holistic understanding of societal issues.
Introduction to Social Science
This document provides an introduction to social science, outlining several key points:
1. It defines social science as fields that study human society, including anthropology, archaeology, economics, political science, sociology, and others.
2. It discusses the connection between social science and social problems, using poverty and economics as an example.
3. It outlines several important approaches to research in social science, including functionalist theory, conflict theory, exchange theory, and symbolic interaction theory.
Introduction to sociology 2017
The basic sociological concepts and its relevance to health and nursing:
• Definition of Social science/Sociology- pg 2 in Pretoruis & pg 3 in Du Toit
• Sociologist- pg 8 in Pretoruis
• Anthropology- pg 7 in Du Toit
• Definition of a Social perspective- pg 10 in Du Toit
• Sociological imagination- pg 9 in Du Toit.
• Medical sociology.
• Definition of Social interaction- pg 80 in Du Toit
• Society- definition in Reader, characteristics,
• Community- definition in Reader, characteristics,
• Urban and rural communities (interaction and differences)
• Social structures (Status: ascribed, achieved, master; Position and role: role set, role strain, role conflict)- pg 85 in Du Toit
• Social groups- pg 125 in Du Toit
• The family: functions pf 172, transformation, alternative forms,
• Social institutions - pg 189 in Du Toit
• Social stratification- pg 103 in Du Toit
• Social relationships (Primary & Secondary relationship characteristics) - pg 96-98 in Du Toit
Rational choice
The document provides an overview of rational choice theory (RCT). It discusses the key assumptions of RCT, including individualism, optimality, self-interest, and rationality. RCT argues that individuals make choices to maximize their own welfare. The document outlines the growth of RCT in political science and economics. It also discusses criticisms of RCT and its limitations in fully explaining human social behavior and collective action problems.
Rational Choice Theory
Rational choice theory proposes that people make rational decisions based on weighing costs and benefits to maximize personal utility. It is used to explain social change as resulting from individuals making utility-maximizing choices. Critics argue people do not always make decisions through strict cost-benefit analysis. The theory assumes humans are goal-oriented and make rational calculations to optimize pleasure or profit when choosing between alternatives. However, it cannot fully explain phenomena like altruism that are not self-interested.
Social Science and Anthropology L1-2 DISS.pptx
The document discusses social science as a field of study that examines society. It covers several key points:
1) Social sciences study how people interact with each other and develop as a culture through disciplines like anthropology, economics, political science, and sociology.
2) A society is a group of people involved with each other through shared relationships, territory, political authority, and culture.
3) Social sciences help explain how society works by exploring topics like economic growth, unemployment, and what makes people happy. This information can then be used to shape policies and strategies.
Introduction to Sociology.ppt
The document provides an introduction to sociology and demography. It defines sociology as the scientific study of human society and social interaction, and traces its historical development from early social philosophers through founders like Comte, Marx, Durkheim, and Weber. Demography is defined as the study of human populations in terms of size, structure, births, deaths, migration, and changes over time. The document outlines key areas and methods of sociology, as well as sources of demographic data and factors influencing population change. It discusses why these fields are studied and their importance for policymaking.
More Related Content
What's hot
The socialsciencedisciplines
This document discusses the key social science disciplines and their focus areas. It defines sociology as the study of relationships among humans and groups living together in societies. Anthropology is described as the study of the origins, physical and cultural development of humans and their societies. Psychology is portrayed as the study of human behavior and thought processes. The document outlines economics as the study of production, distribution and consumption of resources, goods and services. Political science is presented as the study of organizations developed to make rules and laws for societies. Geography is characterized as the study of the distribution of physical environmental features and how people use the land and its resources.
Nature-and-functions-of-Social-Sciences-disciplines-with-the-natural-sciences...
1. The document discusses the nine main disciplines of social sciences: anthropology, economics, geography, history, linguistics, political science, psychology, demography, and sociology.
2. It provides a brief definition and overview of each discipline, explaining their key areas of focus and methods of study regarding human society and culture.
3. The disciplines of social sciences are interconnected and aim to explain human behavior and solve problems in society through systematic study using distinct methods.
What is-the-rational-choice-theory
Rational choice theory is an economic principle that states individuals make logical decisions based on maximizing personal benefit and interests. It assumes people actively try to maximize advantages and minimize losses by making rational calculations aimed at increasing pleasure or profit. The theory also posits that social phenomena are driven by rational decisions of individuals. Rational choice theory models human decision making, especially in microeconomics, and helps explain societal behavior through rational choices consistent with personal preferences. It is increasingly applied in other fields like evolution, politics, and warfare.
PPG - Nature of Elections and Political Parties W 5.pptx
This document discusses the nature of elections and political parties in the Philippines. It describes how the Philippines has a multi-party system with elections managed by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC). National elections follow a plurality vote system to elect the president, vice president, senators, and House representatives. Local elections similarly follow a plurality vote system to elect local government officials. Political parties are formally organized groups that participate in the electoral process to gain government power.
Sociology & Sociological Imagination
This document discusses the concept of society and how it can be studied sociologically. It addresses that society:
1) Is made up of groups of people who shape their lives in patterned ways that distinguish them from other groups.
2) Cannot be easily defined or observed as a whole object due to its complex and fluid nature, being composed of countless other components like culture, class, ethnicity.
3) Can best be studied sociologically by observing how people live their lives and interact with each other in patterned social processes that together make up the larger society.
Theoretical perspectives in sociology
This document provides summaries of several major sociological theories and perspectives:
- The functionalist perspective developed by Emile Durkheim focuses on how society functions as an interrelated system to maintain stability.
- The conflict perspective developed by Karl Marx focuses on how competition for scarce resources leads to social change and conflict.
- Max Weber's interactionist perspective focuses on how individuals interact through symbols and attach subjective meanings to actions.
It also provides brief biographies of Durkheim, Marx, and Weber, outlining their major concepts and contributions to sociology.
Polsc22 1 introduction to political philosophy
Political philosophy involves both descriptive and prescriptive dimensions. Descriptively, it seeks comprehensive knowledge about political things, such as the nature of the state and human social relationships. Prescriptively, it prescribes how the political order ought to be arranged. Political philosophers diagnose the causes of conflict and disorder in politics and then offer prescriptions or therapies to resolve conflicts, such as by identifying appropriate moral standards and forms of government. Their diagnoses and prescriptions are shaped by their views on deeper philosophical questions about human nature, ethics, and the nature of reality.
Diss lesson 2 - introducing anthro & econ
This document discusses the key social science disciplines of anthropology and economics. It provides an overview of their definitions and main areas of focus. Anthropology is defined as the study of humankind and examines aspects of human existence and culture. Its main branches are cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, biological anthropology, and archaeology. Economics is defined as the study of efficient allocation of scarce resources to satisfy human needs and wants. It is divided into microeconomics, which focuses on individual choices, and macroeconomics, which examines entire economies. The document also outlines some important principles and methods of research within each discipline.
Institutionalism
Thorstein Veblen is considered the founder of institutionalism. He developed a critique of orthodox economic theory and argued that human behavior is governed by instincts and habits formed by institutions, which are socially shared mental patterns. In his 1899 book The Theory of the Leisure Class, Veblen analyzed conspicuous consumption as a display of status rather than satisfying real needs. New institutionalism in the 1980s revived a focus on institutions across various disciplines like economics and political science. It views institutions as lenses for understanding these fields and reacted against approaches that neglected historical and social contexts. Traditional institutionalism deals with enduring social structures and the processes through which norms and rules become established guidelines for behavior over time.
Unit 2
Rational choice theory posits that people make rational decisions based on weighing costs and benefits to maximize their own utility. It assumes humans are goal-oriented and make choices by rationally calculating how different options fulfill their preferences. According to rational choice theory, social change occurs as the result of individuals making utility-maximizing choices. However, critics argue that people do not always make decisions through strict cost-benefit analysis and that rational choice theory cannot fully explain all social phenomena like altruism.
Introduction to the Disciplines of Applied Social Sciences
This document provides an introduction to applied social sciences. It defines social sciences as disciplines that systematically study social phenomena, institutions, and interpersonal relationships within human society. Applied social sciences involve applying theories and methods from various social science fields to address real-world problems. The document lists several disciplines within applied social sciences, including communication, counseling, social work, and others. It provides brief descriptions of communication, counseling, and social work, noting how they provide access to information, help with life crises, and promote social change, respectively. Students are assigned activities to discuss their new learnings about applied social sciences and interview local social science professionals.
Political science and politics
The document discusses the relationship between political science and politics. It begins by defining political science as the systematic study of the state, government, and their relationship to citizens and other states. It then contrasts politics, which deals with current issues and problems faced by governments, and political science, which studies the theory of state and government. However, the modern view presented is that there is no clear difference, as political science is the study of politics, making the terms interchangeable. The document aims to clarify the relationship between these two concepts.
AppTheories_T4
The document describes rational choice theory and how it can be used to explain individual decision-making and social outcomes. It outlines the central assumptions of rational choice theory, which are that decision-makers have logically consistent goals and choose the best available option given those goals. Experimental methods and laboratory experiments are also discussed as ways to test rational choice theory by studying individual behavior in controlled settings with financial incentives.
Nature and functions of the Social Sciences. [Autosaved].pptx
The document discusses the nature and major disciplines of social sciences. It begins by explaining that social sciences developed from moral philosophy and were influenced by historical events like the Industrial and French Revolutions. The major disciplines of social science discussed include anthropology, history, political science, psychology, economics, geography, sociology, linguistics, and demography. Social sciences are distinguished from natural sciences in that social sciences study societies and human behavior qualitatively rather than focusing on quantitative analysis of natural phenomena.
Discipline and ideas in the social science week 1
1. The document discusses several social science disciplines including history, anthropology, geography, political science, sociology, demography, and linguistics.
2. Social science is concerned with understanding society and finding solutions to social problems. It studies human behavior and societies.
3. The main social science disciplines covered are history, anthropology, geography, political science, sociology, demography, and linguistics. Each discipline is briefly defined.
UCSP PPT 1.pdf
This document provides an overview of the disciplines of anthropology, sociology, and political science. It defines each discipline, their main goals and concerns. Anthropology is defined as the scientific study of human cultures and societies. Its main goals are to describe, analyze, and explain different cultures. Sociology is defined as the scientific study of human society and social interactions, focusing on groups rather than individuals. Political science is defined as the academic study of politics, addressing empirical and normative questions about politics. It also discusses their intersections and why these three disciplines are important to study together to gain a holistic understanding of societal issues.
Introduction to Social Science
This document provides an introduction to social science, outlining several key points:
1. It defines social science as fields that study human society, including anthropology, archaeology, economics, political science, sociology, and others.
2. It discusses the connection between social science and social problems, using poverty and economics as an example.
3. It outlines several important approaches to research in social science, including functionalist theory, conflict theory, exchange theory, and symbolic interaction theory.
Introduction to sociology 2017
The basic sociological concepts and its relevance to health and nursing:
• Definition of Social science/Sociology- pg 2 in Pretoruis & pg 3 in Du Toit
• Sociologist- pg 8 in Pretoruis
• Anthropology- pg 7 in Du Toit
• Definition of a Social perspective- pg 10 in Du Toit
• Sociological imagination- pg 9 in Du Toit.
• Medical sociology.
• Definition of Social interaction- pg 80 in Du Toit
• Society- definition in Reader, characteristics,
• Community- definition in Reader, characteristics,
• Urban and rural communities (interaction and differences)
• Social structures (Status: ascribed, achieved, master; Position and role: role set, role strain, role conflict)- pg 85 in Du Toit
• Social groups- pg 125 in Du Toit
• The family: functions pf 172, transformation, alternative forms,
• Social institutions - pg 189 in Du Toit
• Social stratification- pg 103 in Du Toit
• Social relationships (Primary & Secondary relationship characteristics) - pg 96-98 in Du Toit
Rational choice
The document provides an overview of rational choice theory (RCT). It discusses the key assumptions of RCT, including individualism, optimality, self-interest, and rationality. RCT argues that individuals make choices to maximize their own welfare. The document outlines the growth of RCT in political science and economics. It also discusses criticisms of RCT and its limitations in fully explaining human social behavior and collective action problems.
Rational Choice Theory
Rational choice theory proposes that people make rational decisions based on weighing costs and benefits to maximize personal utility. It is used to explain social change as resulting from individuals making utility-maximizing choices. Critics argue people do not always make decisions through strict cost-benefit analysis. The theory assumes humans are goal-oriented and make rational calculations to optimize pleasure or profit when choosing between alternatives. However, it cannot fully explain phenomena like altruism that are not self-interested.
What's hot (20)
Nature-and-functions-of-Social-Sciences-disciplines-with-the-natural-sciences...
Nature-and-functions-of-Social-Sciences-disciplines-with-the-natural-sciences...
PPG - Nature of Elections and Political Parties W 5.pptx
PPG - Nature of Elections and Political Parties W 5.pptx
Introduction to the Disciplines of Applied Social Sciences
Introduction to the Disciplines of Applied Social Sciences
Nature and functions of the Social Sciences. [Autosaved].pptx
Nature and functions of the Social Sciences. [Autosaved].pptx
Similar to Approaches in-ss
Social Science and Anthropology L1-2 DISS.pptx
The document discusses social science as a field of study that examines society. It covers several key points:
1) Social sciences study how people interact with each other and develop as a culture through disciplines like anthropology, economics, political science, and sociology.
2) A society is a group of people involved with each other through shared relationships, territory, political authority, and culture.
3) Social sciences help explain how society works by exploring topics like economic growth, unemployment, and what makes people happy. This information can then be used to shape policies and strategies.
Introduction to Sociology.ppt
The document provides an introduction to sociology and demography. It defines sociology as the scientific study of human society and social interaction, and traces its historical development from early social philosophers through founders like Comte, Marx, Durkheim, and Weber. Demography is defined as the study of human populations in terms of size, structure, births, deaths, migration, and changes over time. The document outlines key areas and methods of sociology, as well as sources of demographic data and factors influencing population change. It discusses why these fields are studied and their importance for policymaking.
Soc Ch 1 notes
The document provides an overview of sociology, discussing how sociologists study human society and social behavior through various theoretical perspectives and research methods. It covers the development of sociology from early European scholars to modern sociological research approaches. Key topics include the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives as well as research process, ethics, and current studies regarding topics like the spread of hip-hop culture.
sociology_01_foundations-2Bof-2Bsociology.pptx
Sociology is the scientific study of social behavior and human groups. There are three main sociological theories: structural-functionalism which sees society as interrelated parts working together; conflict theory which views society as groups competing for limited resources; and symbolic interactionism which focuses on how people attach meaning to symbols and interactions. Founders of sociology included Auguste Comte, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Harriet Martineau, Max Weber, and W.E.B. Du Bois.
UCSP LESSON 1 23-24.pptx
Anthropology is concerned with the study of human beings and their cultures. It examines how culture manifests in various symbols, languages, norms and values that people in a group share. Cultural anthropology specifically focuses on the study of culture and how it influences people's views and helps them make sense of the world. Culture is shaped by common experiences and defines groups, while conforming to societal expectations. Anthropologists seek to understand culture, how it interacts with people and societies, and how it changes over time.
sociology-unit-1-lesson-2-sociology-as-a-science_compress.pdf
This document provides an overview of sociology as a science. It begins with recapping the key points from the previous lesson on an introduction to sociology. It then outlines the objectives of the current lesson, which are to understand what science is, the concepts of positivism and interpretivism, and whether sociology possesses the characteristics to be considered a science.
The document defines science and discusses positivism, which argues that society can be studied scientifically, versus interpretivism, which believes it cannot. It presents Durkheim's study of suicide as an example of using the scientific method in sociology. Finally, it acknowledges some of the criticisms against considering sociology a science, such as the difficulty of predicting
Study unit 1.1,1.2,1.3 copy
This document provides an introduction to sociology and its importance and applications to nursing. It defines sociology and discusses how sociology is important for nurses to understand human behavior and interactions. It also summarizes the key contributions and theories of influential sociologists, including Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber. Finally, it defines medical sociology as the sociological analysis of health organizations and practices, and explores the differences between sociology in medicine, which applies sociological perspectives to medical questions, and sociology of medicine, which examines the medical field from a sociological viewpoint.
Introduction to Sociology
This document provides an introduction to sociology. It defines sociology as the scientific study of human society and social interaction. It discusses key thinkers in the development of sociology like Saint-Simon, Comte, Marx, Durkheim, and Weber. It also outlines several areas of sociology including social organization, social psychology, and social change. Finally, it examines the relationship between sociology and other social sciences like economics, anthropology, history, and political science.
Sociology ch 1 lecture 1
This document provides an introduction to sociology, outlining key concepts and the origins of sociology as an academic discipline. It discusses how sociology emerged in the 19th century due to industrialization, travel exposing Europeans to different cultures, and the success of the natural sciences. Auguste Comte is identified as the founder of sociology, coining the term in 1838. The document also summarizes the early contributions of other pioneers like Karl Marx, Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber to the field.
Mass communication theory –evolution and development.pptx
This document provides an overview of mass communication theory, including its evolution, key concepts, categories, and paradigms. It discusses the meaning and definitions of theory, elements of theory, categories of mass communication theory including post-positivism, hermeneutic theory, critical theory, and normative theory. It also covers paradigms in mass communication theory and the four eras of media theory: the era of mass society and mass culture; a scientific perspective leading to limited effects; competing cultural perspectives challenging limited effects; and the emergence of meaning-making perspectives.
Chapter1 4thed2 150119224015-conversion-gate02
This document provides an overview of sociology as an academic discipline. It discusses what sociology is, how sociologists study human behavior and society, and the development of sociology as a field. In particular, it highlights the early contributors to sociology including Auguste Comte, who coined the term; Harriet Martineau, who helped spread sociological ideas; and Herbert Spencer, one of the first English-speaking sociologists. The document also discusses different levels of analysis and theoretical approaches in sociology.
Chapter 1 4th edition
This document provides an overview of sociology and its key theoretical perspectives from a structural functionalist viewpoint. It discusses what sociology is, how sociologists study society, and the origins and main thinkers of structural functionalism. Structural functionalism views society as a system of interconnected structures and institutions that work together to ensure stability. It emphasizes that each part of society has a function and any dysfunction can lead to change. The document outlines the principles of structural functionalism and discusses offshoots like the work of Parsons and Merton as well as common criticisms of the perspective.
Metopen
The document outlines three main approaches to social research: positivist, interpretivist, and critical. It provides comparisons of the key assumptions and methods of each approach. The positivist approach views reality as objective and seeks to discover universal laws through quantitative methods. The interpretivist approach sees reality as subjective and aims to understand how people construct meaning through qualitative research. The critical approach seeks to critique and transform social relations by uncovering hidden truths through analytical methods like discourse analysis.
SOC 100_Week 1 PowerPoint Lecture
This document provides an overview and summary of the key topics covered in Week 1 of the SOC 100 Introduction to Sociology course. The week introduced students to the basic concepts of sociology including defining the sociological imagination, the relationship between structure and agency, and the six rules of critical thinking. It also reviewed the origins and early founders of sociology as an academic discipline and the major theoretical paradigms in sociology including functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. The document concludes by previewing the topics and assignments for Week 2.
The Nature and Scope of Sociology
1. Sociology is defined as the scientific study of society and human behavior.
2. Auguste Comte developed the idea and coined the term "sociology".
3. Serafin M. Macaraig was the first Filipino to acquire a doctorate in Sociology.
4. He published a book titled "An Introduction to Sociology" in 1938.
5. Father Valentin Marin introduced sociology in the Philippines with the opening of a criminology program at the Pontifical University of Santo Tomas in the 1950s.
understanding culture society and poltics
The document defines key concepts in culture, anthropology, society, and sociology such as material and non-material culture, and discusses important figures in the fields like Franz Boas, Ruth Benedict, and Margaret Mead. It also outlines the development of sociology from thinkers like Auguste Comte, Karl Marx, and Emile Durkheim. Finally, it traces the emergence of sociology in the Philippines from its early focus on social philosophy to its current scientific orientation.
Sociologyunit1powerpoint 140222062818-phpapp02
This document outlines the key concepts and lessons for Unit 1 of a sociology course. The unit will examine the foundations and origins of sociology, the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology, and how sociological research is conducted. Students will learn about the development of sociology as an academic discipline in response to social changes in Europe. They will also explore the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives and how sociologists use various methods like surveys, experiments, and observation to study social phenomena scientifically.
Nature, Goals and Perspectives in Anthropology,.pptx
- Anthropology, sociology, and political science emerged as fields of study during periods of major social and political changes. Anthropology began with the exploration and colonization of other societies, sociology with the Industrial Revolution, and political science with the ancient Greeks.
- They each aim to understand human behavior and societies from different perspectives. Anthropology focuses on cultural traditions and what makes groups similar and different. Sociology examines how social structures influence people's lives. Political science analyzes power dynamics and governance within and between societies.
- Key concepts in the fields include ethnography in anthropology, social phenomena and structures in sociology, and political power, theory, and citizenship in political science. Their
Basics of Sociology
Sociology is defined as the scientific study of human social life, interactions, and society. It was coined in 1839 by Auguste Comte and aims to study human behavior and society in a neutral, factual way. Sociology is divided into various subfields like family, education, and health and uses scientific methods like surveys, experiments, and observation to study social phenomena. The document outlines several foundational theorists like Marx, Durkheim, and Weber and their major contributions to the discipline.
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
A great way to study Sociology! Please subscribe on my youtube channel Jon Padillon and visit my website sites.google.com/view/wilsonlearningsite
Similar to Approaches in-ss (20)
sociology-unit-1-lesson-2-sociology-as-a-science_compress.pdf
sociology-unit-1-lesson-2-sociology-as-a-science_compress.pdf
Mass communication theory –evolution and development.pptx
Mass communication theory –evolution and development.pptx
Nature, Goals and Perspectives in Anthropology,.pptx
Nature, Goals and Perspectives in Anthropology,.pptx
Recently uploaded
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero WaterTexas Alliance of Groundwater Districts
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business MeetingTravis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
This presentation covers the content and information on "Cytokines " and their role in immune regulation .
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Recently uploaded (20)
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Approaches in-ss
- 10. Dominant Approaches and Ideas in the Social Sciences DISS 2nd quarter
- 11. Approach •A way of looking at the world.
- 12. • Positive Social Science • Interpretative Social Science • Critical Social Science
- 14. Positivism • It refers to the philosophy of science that asserts that the only source of trustworthy knowledge is the information obtained from rational conducts and reports of sensory experience.
- 15. • The concept of empirical evidences, or the established data received are important.
- 16. August Comte • Father of Positivism
- 17. Positivism •Asserts that every claim can be scientifically verified.
- 18. According to W. Lawrence Neuman • Among of all the different paradigms in the social sciences, positivism is considered as the oldest and the most extensively used paradigm.
- 19. Paradigm •A particular way of observing, measuring and understanding social reality.
- 20. • Positivist research prefers exact quantitative data and often uses experiments, surveys and statistics.
- 21. Structural-functionalism • It claims that parts of society all contribute to the “functional” operation of the system in general.
- 22. • Social balance and equilibrium are created when all parts of society are operating well.
- 23. Structural-functionalism • It is more concern with the place of individuals in the social order itself than with the individual action.
- 26. Emile Durkheim
- 27. • Born on April 15, 1858 and died on November 15, 1917. • He was a french sociologist who is considered as the most important foundation of structural-functionalist ideas.
- 29. • Born in Birmingham in 1881. • Served as Director of Education of Kingdom of Tonga during World war 1. • Proposed idea of single, unified social science.
- 30. Herbert Spencer
- 31. • Born on 27 April 1820 – 8 December 1903 • He was an English philosopher, biologist, anthropolo gist, sociologist, and prominent classical liberal political theorist of the Victorian era.
- 33. • Born in Cracow, Poland in 1884. • He studied anthropology. • With highest honor on Austrian Empire.
- 34. Key concepts
- 35. Social Structure • It subscribed that the society is systematically structured.
- 36. Government
- 37. Church
- 38. School
- 39. Media
- 40. Social Functions • It refers to results or effects for the operation of the society in general.
- 42. Social Dysfunctions May also be manifest or latent and have a negative effect on society.
- 43. Manifest dysfunctions • Are expected disruptions of social life. • Example: Heavy Migration from rural to urban areas might include overpopulation and unemployment.
- 44. Latent dysfunctions • The unexpected effect or outcome of disruptions. • Example: Rise of crime.
- 46. Strengths • Existence of general agreement on values and norms in society. • Keeps order and harmony in society. • Tends to seek stability and avoid conflict.
- 47. Criticisms • Being wary of social change due to its focus on integration and consensus. • Viewing society as static. • Tendency to ignore inequality in terms of race, gender and class which cause conflict.