M-PESA, the world-leading mobile money system has transformed lives and livelihoods in Kenya and beyond. Financial
inclusion for the marginalized in emerging markets is now feasible and achievable. Mobile money promises a more scalable and
cheaper alternative to the large unbanked populace than conventional banking. In the recent years, Sub-Saharan Africa has rolled out a
number of practical technology-driven innovative products leading to more and more cashless transactions. One such product is MPESA;
a mobile-based financial innovation that has achieved unprecedented growth since its inception in March 2007 by the mobile
network operator, Safaricom. In spite of its tantalizing potential, one major challenge is how to optimally capture the market. This
paper analyses the M-PESA ecosystem, by building theoretical linkages between two main theories; i) Innovation Diffusion Theory
and ii) Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. The questions the author is addressing are: Which factors are
responsible for M-PESA’s rapid adoption? How does Safaricom maintain its strong grip as a Mobile Network Operator in the financial
sector?
AN EHEALTH ADOPTION FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEWhiij
There is growing interest in the rate of eHealth uptake resulting from the increased potential to advance
the quality of healthcare services in both the developed and developing countries. Although the
implementation of information and communication technology to support healthcare delivery would
greatly address the quality and accessibility challenges in healthcare as well as reduction in the cost of
healthcare delivery, the adoption of eHealth has not been fully realized. This study aimed at conducting a
systematic literature review to establish the factors associated with the adoption of eHealth and propose a
context-specific framework for successful adoption of eHealth technologies in developing countries such as
Uganda. The systematic literature review process was guided by the Systematic Review Protocol. The
review of 29 journals from the period 2009-2021 showed that, although the most widely used frameworks
in the developing countries were Technology Adoption Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and
Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework and Technology Organization Environment (TOE) framework,
there were other salient factors reported by other researchers that contributed to the adoption of eHealth
in developing countries. A novel framework for adoption of eHealth in the local context with eight (8)
dimensions namely; Socio-demographic, Technology, Information, Socio-cultural, Organization,
Governance, Ethical and legal and Financial dimensions is derived and presented as result of the
research.
Online medical consultation: covid-19 system using software object-oriented a...riyaniaes
The internet has been a source of medical information, it has been used for online medical consultation (OMC). OMC is now offered by many providers internationally with diverse models and features. In OMC, consultations and treatments are available 24/7. The covid-19 pandemic across-the-board, many people unable to go to hospital or clinic because the spread of the virus. This paper tried to answer two research questions. The first one on how the OMC can help the patients during covid-19 pandemic. A literature review was conducted to answer the first research question. The second one on how to develop system in OMC related to covid-19 pandemic. The system was developed by Visual Studio 2019 using software object-oriented approach. Online expert review was conducted within 6 experts from health and academic industry to verify the model. Also, the system was validated by 11 users from heath and academic industry to confirm its usability. The statistical package for social science (SPSS 22) was used to analyze the collected data. The result of expert review confirmed that covid-19 system can help the patients. Also, the validity of the system was confirmed by 11 users from health and academic industry.
Cucumber disease recognition using machine learning and transfer learningriyaniaes
Cucumber is grown, as a cash crop besides it is one of the main and popular vegetables in Bangladesh. As Bangladesh's economy is largely dependent on the agricultural sector, cucumber farming could make economic and productivity growth more sustainable. But many diseases diminish the situation of cucumber. Early detection of disease can help to stop disease from spreading to other healthy plants and also accurate identifying the disease will help to reduce crop losses through specific treatments. In this paper, we have presented two approaches namely traditional machine learning (ML) and CNN-based transfer learning. Then we have compared the performance of the applied techniques to find out the most appropriate techniques for recognizing cucumber diseases. In our ML approach, the system involves five steps. After collecting the image, pre-processing is done by resizing, filtering, and contrast-enhancing. Then we have compared various ML algorithms using k-means based image segmentation after extracted 10 relevant features. Random forest gives the best accuracy with 89.93% in the traditional ML approach. We also studied and applied CNN-based transfer learning to investigate the further improvement of recognition performance. Lastly, a comparison among various transfer learning models such as InceptionV3, MobileNetV2, and VGG16 has been performed. Between these two approaches, MobileNetV2 achieves the highest accuracy with 93.23%.
Measuring prevailing practices of healthcare professional on electronic healt...journalBEEI
Paper based approach to clinical documentation such as handwritten notes among health care providers are cause of errors in medical field. Therefore, health record system needs to be replaced with electronic health record (EHR). Many health professionals in developing countries specifically in Iraq refuse to use the systems implemented for their benefits due to many reasons. Thus, the use of electronic services is important for successful electronic health implementations. Therefore, this study is intended to identify the main factors affecting the intention of use of the electronic health record in Iraq. Health professional staff who work in the main hospital in Dhi-Qar is chosen because this province is the first local province that implemented many electronic projects. The present study examined use of user acceptance of technology, based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). Moreover, the quantitative method approach for data collection using survey from staff who work in the main hospital in Dhi-Qar. Data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling using AMOS. The results indicated significant relationship between Ease of Use, Usefulness, Usefulness, Attitude, and Intention of use of EHR. These finding have implementation for decision makers in Iraq government to improve future implementation of e-health services.
A CASE STUDY ON DEVELOPING AN EFFECTIVE INFORMATION BASED HEALTHCARE SERVICES...cscpconf
The real test of technological development is to ensure whether it reaches people and the most important task is to produce, manage and deliver relevant information systems appropriately
within India. Therefore technology needs to be acquired and adapted for it to be appropriately
developed. A country like India needs to adapt and develop information systems based on their
own needs and structures, using their own methods and practices. When it comes to eGovernance projects, better cooperation is the need of the day both from public as well as
private players [1]. The Indian government is taking greater cognizance of the benefits of technology and some e-Gov projects have already been initiated and deployed in few states of
our country [1]. However, despite an improved Information Communication Technology (ICT)
in our country thanks to the efforts of our government, there are still problems which continue
to hamper the use of information and ICT in domain of healthcare in India [2]. This paper
discusses the current levels of IT and quality in health care in our country and how Information Technology (IT) might be helpful in future.
Mapping the Metrics of Radiology Technology Diffusion: A Case for SwazilandDr. Amarjeet Singh
In recent years Swaziland’s medical field has been
graced by computerised data collecting systems and the
installation of computer work stations in most health care
facilities. This was in response to the invention of new and
improved imaging technologies in high income countries.
Establishing the impact of this development requires
investigation of predictor variables such as perceived ease
of use, perceived usefulness and the technology diffusion
pattern as it varies from one country to another. In this
complex landscape, the objective of this study was to
establish how these predictor variables modelled
technology diffusion in Swaziland. Data collection involved
both passive and active data sources using questionnaires,
interviews and observations in a complemental manner. An
83% response rate was obtained from the study. The
results revealed that technology diffusion in Swaziland was
currently at its peak modelled mainly by the perceived ease
of use and the perceived usefulness of the new technologies.
The peak of the diffusion of technology was in the second
decade of the 21st century with the most advanced
technologies being in the private sector. A more extensive
study to cover imaging centres excluded from this study is
recommended. An investigation into technology diffusion
extending to interventional radiology practices, role
extension for radiographers and funding models may
support improved technology diffusion mechanisms.
AN EHEALTH ADOPTION FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEWhiij
There is growing interest in the rate of eHealth uptake resulting from the increased potential to advance
the quality of healthcare services in both the developed and developing countries. Although the
implementation of information and communication technology to support healthcare delivery would
greatly address the quality and accessibility challenges in healthcare as well as reduction in the cost of
healthcare delivery, the adoption of eHealth has not been fully realized. This study aimed at conducting a
systematic literature review to establish the factors associated with the adoption of eHealth and propose a
context-specific framework for successful adoption of eHealth technologies in developing countries such as
Uganda. The systematic literature review process was guided by the Systematic Review Protocol. The
review of 29 journals from the period 2009-2021 showed that, although the most widely used frameworks
in the developing countries were Technology Adoption Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and
Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework and Technology Organization Environment (TOE) framework,
there were other salient factors reported by other researchers that contributed to the adoption of eHealth
in developing countries. A novel framework for adoption of eHealth in the local context with eight (8)
dimensions namely; Socio-demographic, Technology, Information, Socio-cultural, Organization,
Governance, Ethical and legal and Financial dimensions is derived and presented as result of the
research.
Online medical consultation: covid-19 system using software object-oriented a...riyaniaes
The internet has been a source of medical information, it has been used for online medical consultation (OMC). OMC is now offered by many providers internationally with diverse models and features. In OMC, consultations and treatments are available 24/7. The covid-19 pandemic across-the-board, many people unable to go to hospital or clinic because the spread of the virus. This paper tried to answer two research questions. The first one on how the OMC can help the patients during covid-19 pandemic. A literature review was conducted to answer the first research question. The second one on how to develop system in OMC related to covid-19 pandemic. The system was developed by Visual Studio 2019 using software object-oriented approach. Online expert review was conducted within 6 experts from health and academic industry to verify the model. Also, the system was validated by 11 users from heath and academic industry to confirm its usability. The statistical package for social science (SPSS 22) was used to analyze the collected data. The result of expert review confirmed that covid-19 system can help the patients. Also, the validity of the system was confirmed by 11 users from health and academic industry.
Cucumber disease recognition using machine learning and transfer learningriyaniaes
Cucumber is grown, as a cash crop besides it is one of the main and popular vegetables in Bangladesh. As Bangladesh's economy is largely dependent on the agricultural sector, cucumber farming could make economic and productivity growth more sustainable. But many diseases diminish the situation of cucumber. Early detection of disease can help to stop disease from spreading to other healthy plants and also accurate identifying the disease will help to reduce crop losses through specific treatments. In this paper, we have presented two approaches namely traditional machine learning (ML) and CNN-based transfer learning. Then we have compared the performance of the applied techniques to find out the most appropriate techniques for recognizing cucumber diseases. In our ML approach, the system involves five steps. After collecting the image, pre-processing is done by resizing, filtering, and contrast-enhancing. Then we have compared various ML algorithms using k-means based image segmentation after extracted 10 relevant features. Random forest gives the best accuracy with 89.93% in the traditional ML approach. We also studied and applied CNN-based transfer learning to investigate the further improvement of recognition performance. Lastly, a comparison among various transfer learning models such as InceptionV3, MobileNetV2, and VGG16 has been performed. Between these two approaches, MobileNetV2 achieves the highest accuracy with 93.23%.
Measuring prevailing practices of healthcare professional on electronic healt...journalBEEI
Paper based approach to clinical documentation such as handwritten notes among health care providers are cause of errors in medical field. Therefore, health record system needs to be replaced with electronic health record (EHR). Many health professionals in developing countries specifically in Iraq refuse to use the systems implemented for their benefits due to many reasons. Thus, the use of electronic services is important for successful electronic health implementations. Therefore, this study is intended to identify the main factors affecting the intention of use of the electronic health record in Iraq. Health professional staff who work in the main hospital in Dhi-Qar is chosen because this province is the first local province that implemented many electronic projects. The present study examined use of user acceptance of technology, based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). Moreover, the quantitative method approach for data collection using survey from staff who work in the main hospital in Dhi-Qar. Data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling using AMOS. The results indicated significant relationship between Ease of Use, Usefulness, Usefulness, Attitude, and Intention of use of EHR. These finding have implementation for decision makers in Iraq government to improve future implementation of e-health services.
A CASE STUDY ON DEVELOPING AN EFFECTIVE INFORMATION BASED HEALTHCARE SERVICES...cscpconf
The real test of technological development is to ensure whether it reaches people and the most important task is to produce, manage and deliver relevant information systems appropriately
within India. Therefore technology needs to be acquired and adapted for it to be appropriately
developed. A country like India needs to adapt and develop information systems based on their
own needs and structures, using their own methods and practices. When it comes to eGovernance projects, better cooperation is the need of the day both from public as well as
private players [1]. The Indian government is taking greater cognizance of the benefits of technology and some e-Gov projects have already been initiated and deployed in few states of
our country [1]. However, despite an improved Information Communication Technology (ICT)
in our country thanks to the efforts of our government, there are still problems which continue
to hamper the use of information and ICT in domain of healthcare in India [2]. This paper
discusses the current levels of IT and quality in health care in our country and how Information Technology (IT) might be helpful in future.
Mapping the Metrics of Radiology Technology Diffusion: A Case for SwazilandDr. Amarjeet Singh
In recent years Swaziland’s medical field has been
graced by computerised data collecting systems and the
installation of computer work stations in most health care
facilities. This was in response to the invention of new and
improved imaging technologies in high income countries.
Establishing the impact of this development requires
investigation of predictor variables such as perceived ease
of use, perceived usefulness and the technology diffusion
pattern as it varies from one country to another. In this
complex landscape, the objective of this study was to
establish how these predictor variables modelled
technology diffusion in Swaziland. Data collection involved
both passive and active data sources using questionnaires,
interviews and observations in a complemental manner. An
83% response rate was obtained from the study. The
results revealed that technology diffusion in Swaziland was
currently at its peak modelled mainly by the perceived ease
of use and the perceived usefulness of the new technologies.
The peak of the diffusion of technology was in the second
decade of the 21st century with the most advanced
technologies being in the private sector. A more extensive
study to cover imaging centres excluded from this study is
recommended. An investigation into technology diffusion
extending to interventional radiology practices, role
extension for radiographers and funding models may
support improved technology diffusion mechanisms.
This discussion paper on ‘New Technologies and Results Based Financing’ co-written by BlueSquare, Options and Text-to-Change takes stock of he use of new technologies in Results Based Financing and how mobile technologies have been applied to health systems and health service provision.
E health in Nigeria Current Realities and Future Perspectives. A User Centric...Ibukun Fowe
In this era of the digital revolution, innovative computer software programs and Information and communications technologies (ICTs) are disrupting different industries of most economies and the healthcare sector is one of the nascent and emerging opportunities for technology disruption and innovation. This is an “inevitable” welcome development as Global health innovation is at the forefront of embracing the use of technology solutions in various parts of the world to improve access to health services and medicines, and Nigeria is not to be an exception. This symposium is focused on asking the fundamental questions; how much impact are e-health applications making in the Nigerian health sector and how do we improve the level of impact and
effectiveness of these applications via a user-centric approach?
Taking these proactive steps serve to ensure that we focus on the real needs of the Nigerian people and put in place quality and safety measures that will give users the confidence needed to use e-health applications and solutions adequately and appropriately. This symposium invites key-stakeholders in the e-health
ecosystem to share their views on the pains and gains of e-health as of today and how to shape the future of e-health in Nigeria (and similar countries). Some of the presentations and panelist sessions will include real field experience and user-centered qualitative research that will elicit the current level of impact and the real needs of e-health users in the southwest region of Nigeria.
Adoption of Integrated Healthcare Information System in Nairobi County: Kenya...Editor IJCATR
Health care information systems are aimed at facilitating the smooth running and interoperability of the health care
delivery processes to ensure efficiency and effectiveness; however, the complexity, heterogeneity and diversity of the health care
sector especially in Kenya poses serious challenges especially in relation to integration of the systems. There is a large disconnect
between the public and private health care delivery systems characterized by fragmentation of services, locally within hospitals
(among primary, secondary and tertiary health care settings) and across different health care centers. This research is aimed at
examining the adoption of integrated healthcare information system in Nairobi County; Kenyatta National Hospital represents the
public sector and The Mater Hospital the private sector. A sample size of 100 users on information system from the two hospitals
picked from the primary secondary and tertiary levels were selected and questionnaires administered to them. Data was analyzed
through descriptive statistics with the aid of SPSS. The results of the study indicated that there was a huge disparity between
healthcare information system adoption in the public and private sectors with the private sector’s adoption being at an advanced
stage. The major barriers to adoption including social political barriers, financial constraints and technical/technological barriers
also presented.
Telemedicine in the Current New Normal: Opportunities and BarriersDr. Mustafa Değerli
Değerli, M. and Özkan-Yıldırım, S. (2021). Telemedicine in the Current New Normal: Opportunities and Barriers. Enhanced Telemedicine and e-Health: Advanced IoT Enabled Soft Computing Framework – Springer. 10.1007/978-3-030-70111-6_2 - https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-70111-6_2
The development and implementation of an android-based saving and loan cooper...riyaniaes
The savings and loans cooperative are a cooperative that has an important purpose in its reach and services, such as the Permata Ngijo Savings and Loans Cooperative. Activities within the cooperative itself include managing member data as well as savings and loan transactions. In systems that are still manual, such as Microsoft Excel, there is a risk of inaccurate data and takes a long time. This manual system is still less effective because the number of members and transactions continues to grow. Therefore, an application is needed as a more effective data processing and information system for members that is easier to access. This study aims to build an android-based savings and loan application using the hypertext preprocessor (PHP) programming language and my structured query language (MySQL) as data storage. Based on the android application that has been made, it shows that the black box functionality of the application runs as planned, the success rate for users reaches 90%.
An Investigation into the Impact of the Electronic Taxation System: A Case St...FinancialMarketCorpo
The Namibian government has benefited to date from information technology in many ways. The
current research attempts to investigate the impact of electronic taxation systems, how well it is used, understood and utilized in developing countries. The importance of understanding and influencing Namibian citizens’
acknowledgement of E-Government services is key, given the substantial investment in government communication, information system technology and the potential for cost saving. One of the most successful E-Government
initiatives, the electronic filing system (e-Filing), allows tax returns to be filed electronically. Despite many taxpayers
adopting this method, a large number are still using the traditional manual method of filing tax returns. A descriptive
research approach, namely the Quantitative method was used to evaluate the impact of electronic taxation systems.
This study utilized the decomposed theory of planned behavior with factors adjusted specifically for Namibia as a
developing country to identify the possible determinants of user acceptance of the e-Filing system among taxpayers. This exploratory study was conducted by means of a questionnaire survey. The questionnaires were completed
by 48 individual taxpayers in Windhoek, which made up the whole sample. The research instruments used were
questionnaires. The data and information collected was inspected for accuracy and completeness. Data collected
was presented in the form of tables, charts and graphs for better understanding. After the data was analyzed the
following findings and conclusions were drawn. Taxpayers using the manual method lack facilitating conditions
such as access to computer and internet resources, which was the most significant barrier to e-Filing usage, while
taxpayers using the electronic method reported perceived usefulness as the primary determinant in their decision to
use e-Filing. Understanding these acceptance factors can extend our knowledge of taxpayers’ decision-making and
lead to better arranging and usage of future EGovernment initiatives in Namibia and other developing countries.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Activity Context Modeling in Context-AwareEditor IJCATR
The explosion of mobile devices has fuelled the advancement of pervasive computing to provide personal assistance in this
information-driven world. Pervasive computing takes advantage of context-aware computing to track, use and adapt to contextual
information. The context that has attracted the attention of many researchers is the activity context. There are six major techniques that
are used to model activity context. These techniques are key-value, logic-based, ontology-based, object-oriented, mark-up schemes and
graphical. This paper analyses these techniques in detail by describing how each technique is implemented while reviewing their pros
and cons. The paper ends with a hybrid modeling method that fits heterogeneous environment while considering the entire of modeling
through data acquisition and utilization stages. The modeling stages of activity context are data sensation, data abstraction and
reasoning and planning. The work revealed that mark-up schemes and object-oriented are best applicable at the data sensation stage.
Key-value and object-oriented techniques fairly support data abstraction stage whereas the logic-based and ontology-based techniques
are the ideal techniques for reasoning and planning stage. In a distributed system, mark-up schemes are very useful in data
communication over a network and graphical technique should be used when saving context data into database.
This discussion paper on ‘New Technologies and Results Based Financing’ co-written by BlueSquare, Options and Text-to-Change takes stock of he use of new technologies in Results Based Financing and how mobile technologies have been applied to health systems and health service provision.
E health in Nigeria Current Realities and Future Perspectives. A User Centric...Ibukun Fowe
In this era of the digital revolution, innovative computer software programs and Information and communications technologies (ICTs) are disrupting different industries of most economies and the healthcare sector is one of the nascent and emerging opportunities for technology disruption and innovation. This is an “inevitable” welcome development as Global health innovation is at the forefront of embracing the use of technology solutions in various parts of the world to improve access to health services and medicines, and Nigeria is not to be an exception. This symposium is focused on asking the fundamental questions; how much impact are e-health applications making in the Nigerian health sector and how do we improve the level of impact and
effectiveness of these applications via a user-centric approach?
Taking these proactive steps serve to ensure that we focus on the real needs of the Nigerian people and put in place quality and safety measures that will give users the confidence needed to use e-health applications and solutions adequately and appropriately. This symposium invites key-stakeholders in the e-health
ecosystem to share their views on the pains and gains of e-health as of today and how to shape the future of e-health in Nigeria (and similar countries). Some of the presentations and panelist sessions will include real field experience and user-centered qualitative research that will elicit the current level of impact and the real needs of e-health users in the southwest region of Nigeria.
Adoption of Integrated Healthcare Information System in Nairobi County: Kenya...Editor IJCATR
Health care information systems are aimed at facilitating the smooth running and interoperability of the health care
delivery processes to ensure efficiency and effectiveness; however, the complexity, heterogeneity and diversity of the health care
sector especially in Kenya poses serious challenges especially in relation to integration of the systems. There is a large disconnect
between the public and private health care delivery systems characterized by fragmentation of services, locally within hospitals
(among primary, secondary and tertiary health care settings) and across different health care centers. This research is aimed at
examining the adoption of integrated healthcare information system in Nairobi County; Kenyatta National Hospital represents the
public sector and The Mater Hospital the private sector. A sample size of 100 users on information system from the two hospitals
picked from the primary secondary and tertiary levels were selected and questionnaires administered to them. Data was analyzed
through descriptive statistics with the aid of SPSS. The results of the study indicated that there was a huge disparity between
healthcare information system adoption in the public and private sectors with the private sector’s adoption being at an advanced
stage. The major barriers to adoption including social political barriers, financial constraints and technical/technological barriers
also presented.
Telemedicine in the Current New Normal: Opportunities and BarriersDr. Mustafa Değerli
Değerli, M. and Özkan-Yıldırım, S. (2021). Telemedicine in the Current New Normal: Opportunities and Barriers. Enhanced Telemedicine and e-Health: Advanced IoT Enabled Soft Computing Framework – Springer. 10.1007/978-3-030-70111-6_2 - https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-70111-6_2
The development and implementation of an android-based saving and loan cooper...riyaniaes
The savings and loans cooperative are a cooperative that has an important purpose in its reach and services, such as the Permata Ngijo Savings and Loans Cooperative. Activities within the cooperative itself include managing member data as well as savings and loan transactions. In systems that are still manual, such as Microsoft Excel, there is a risk of inaccurate data and takes a long time. This manual system is still less effective because the number of members and transactions continues to grow. Therefore, an application is needed as a more effective data processing and information system for members that is easier to access. This study aims to build an android-based savings and loan application using the hypertext preprocessor (PHP) programming language and my structured query language (MySQL) as data storage. Based on the android application that has been made, it shows that the black box functionality of the application runs as planned, the success rate for users reaches 90%.
An Investigation into the Impact of the Electronic Taxation System: A Case St...FinancialMarketCorpo
The Namibian government has benefited to date from information technology in many ways. The
current research attempts to investigate the impact of electronic taxation systems, how well it is used, understood and utilized in developing countries. The importance of understanding and influencing Namibian citizens’
acknowledgement of E-Government services is key, given the substantial investment in government communication, information system technology and the potential for cost saving. One of the most successful E-Government
initiatives, the electronic filing system (e-Filing), allows tax returns to be filed electronically. Despite many taxpayers
adopting this method, a large number are still using the traditional manual method of filing tax returns. A descriptive
research approach, namely the Quantitative method was used to evaluate the impact of electronic taxation systems.
This study utilized the decomposed theory of planned behavior with factors adjusted specifically for Namibia as a
developing country to identify the possible determinants of user acceptance of the e-Filing system among taxpayers. This exploratory study was conducted by means of a questionnaire survey. The questionnaires were completed
by 48 individual taxpayers in Windhoek, which made up the whole sample. The research instruments used were
questionnaires. The data and information collected was inspected for accuracy and completeness. Data collected
was presented in the form of tables, charts and graphs for better understanding. After the data was analyzed the
following findings and conclusions were drawn. Taxpayers using the manual method lack facilitating conditions
such as access to computer and internet resources, which was the most significant barrier to e-Filing usage, while
taxpayers using the electronic method reported perceived usefulness as the primary determinant in their decision to
use e-Filing. Understanding these acceptance factors can extend our knowledge of taxpayers’ decision-making and
lead to better arranging and usage of future EGovernment initiatives in Namibia and other developing countries.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Activity Context Modeling in Context-AwareEditor IJCATR
The explosion of mobile devices has fuelled the advancement of pervasive computing to provide personal assistance in this
information-driven world. Pervasive computing takes advantage of context-aware computing to track, use and adapt to contextual
information. The context that has attracted the attention of many researchers is the activity context. There are six major techniques that
are used to model activity context. These techniques are key-value, logic-based, ontology-based, object-oriented, mark-up schemes and
graphical. This paper analyses these techniques in detail by describing how each technique is implemented while reviewing their pros
and cons. The paper ends with a hybrid modeling method that fits heterogeneous environment while considering the entire of modeling
through data acquisition and utilization stages. The modeling stages of activity context are data sensation, data abstraction and
reasoning and planning. The work revealed that mark-up schemes and object-oriented are best applicable at the data sensation stage.
Key-value and object-oriented techniques fairly support data abstraction stage whereas the logic-based and ontology-based techniques
are the ideal techniques for reasoning and planning stage. In a distributed system, mark-up schemes are very useful in data
communication over a network and graphical technique should be used when saving context data into database.
Empowering Users: UX Lesson from Game DesignAdityo Pratomo
This is a presentation from a recent UX ID meetup, where I pointed several lesson from game design that any UX designers can learn from in terms of empowering the user of their products
Analysis on Challenges Small Business Face in using the MBanking/Payment Serv...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Mobile banking services are at the present
increasingly used to accomplish economic transactions by the
business people who would have followed long processes to
complete their transaction deals. Despite the importance of
mobile banking, several studies indicate that the industry still
faces challenges including lack of awareness among the
business parties and customers. Though large populations of
Kenyans have embraced the new technology in most of their
transactions, the contribution of the new technology on small
scale enterprises has received very little attention from the
scholars. The main purpose of this study was to identifying
and rank the challenges faced by the residents as they try to
embrace the mobile banking services. The study adopted a
survey design where data was collected from selected
respondents. The population of the study comprises of 730
small business enterprises. Simple random sampling technique
was used to select 88 small business enterprises based on 95%
confidence level and accepting 5% margin of error as
recommended for most business and social researches.
Primary data was collected from the respondents. Data was
analyzed by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS)
and it was presented in the form of graphs, tables and charts.
Analysis of the data revealed that the highest challenge faced
by the business owners was the cost of transaction with a
cumulative percentage of 51.3 as compared with other
challenges.
Product owners often design programs or services with the assumption that the individuals who are either to receive or deliver these programs act in rational and utility-maximizing ways. However, recent advances in social psychology and behavioral economics have shown us that information is rarely the problem, and incentives are often more complex than we imagine.
Small behavioral tweaks can be made on the savings platform to increase overall savings and help users grow their money. This is why Mercy Corps Agri Fin Accelerate (henceforth MC AFA) commissioned the help of the Busara Center for Behavioral Economics to analyze user and agent level data from a Tanzanian MNO. The purpose of this research is to create strategies that increase the usage and adoption of their mobile money solution and savings product across youth, women and farmers.
Product owners often design programs or services with the assumption that the individuals who are either to receive or deliver these programs act in rational and utility-maximizing ways. However, recent advances in social psychology and behavioral economics have shown us that information is rarely the problem, and incentives are often more complex than we imagine.
Small behavioral tweaks can be made on the savings platform to increase overall savings and help users grow their money. This is why Mercy Corps Agri Fin Accelerate (henceforth MC AFA) commissioned the help of the Busara Center for Behavioral Economics to analyze user and agent level data from a Tanzanian MNO. The purpose of this research is to create strategies that increase the usage and adoption of their mobile money solution and savings product across youth, women and farmers.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
MCDM TECHNIQUE TO EVALUATING MOBILE BANKING ADOPTION IN THE TOGOLESE BANKING ...IJDKP
Development of new technological innovations in networks, platforms, and financial institutions has
empowered m-banking service providers to target their business strategies plan with confidence.
Nevertheless, lots of service innovations have failed to generate revenue due to lagging adoption issues.
Even though, several prior researches have focused on the factors that influence the acceptance of mbanking,
there is limited empirical study which simultaneously take the success factors (perceived benefit)
and resistance factors (perceived sacrifice) that contribute to the customers adoption of m- banking.
Furthermore, most previous researches investigate on the overall aspects related to the adoption of mobile
banking, have used multiple regression methods (structural equation modeling or technology acceptance
technique) or some MCDM tools. However, these studies still have some shortcoming due to lack of
delivering the enough information about these factors and their prioritizing facets. Nowadays, only those
organizations which major goal is to achieve customer’s expectations with maximum quality can be
successful in the market environment. This research reviewed the literature, took the advice from the
experts in the field of m-banking service, and constructed the structural hierarchical table of the factors
that affecting perceived value on consumers' adoption of mobile banking. Via a pairwise comparisons
scale, a questionnaire designated was distributed to some university students in Lomé-Togo and later used
AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) to weigh each criteria, sub-criteria and alternative in order to rank
them according to their preference. The finding revealed that financial risk is the utmost factor impacting
the m-banking adoption, follow by money saved element. Both factors explain how consumers are more
concerned with the financial or monetary issues and far ahead Security & Privacy risk come to confirm
that, Togolese Banking industry should guarantee the safety and personal detail issues when customers are
dealing with this m-banking technology.
This research contributes to the existing literature by providing new insights to how AHP can be applied to
assess consumer’s preference in m-banking in a developing country. Moreover, knowledge acquire from
the influential factors will enable firms to better exploit their scarce resources, by formulating management
strategies based on the priorities of these factors, and consequently, satisfy consumer needs and wants at
lower cost while greater efficiency should be promoted.
M-PESA is a mobile based transfer of money between customers, facilitated by network of retail agents. Kenya is the first country to have adopted M-PESA where the model witnessed huge success and is contributing big way in enabling financial inclusion in the country. Deployment of M-PESA in India can bring similar benefits as experienced in Kenya. Growing mobile penetration in rural areas would ensure that people are able to benefit from mobile based money transfer concept. Indian regulatory system has also been gearing up to allow technology benefits in enabling financial inclusion, developments are only at introductory stage.
In order to reduce cash handling cost of banks amongst other objectives, the Central Bank of Nigeria introduced the ‘cashless policy’. The success of this policy hinges on the adoption of alternative payment systems one of which is mobile banking. Thus it is imperative for policy makers and other relevant stakeholders to anticipate and deal with inhibitions surrounding the adoption of mobile banking by bank customers in the country. This study investigates the determinants of mobile banking adoption in Nigeria using a modified version of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This incorporates Perceived Risk, Facilitating Conditions and Demographic Characteristics (Age, Gender, Educational Qualification and Income) to Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease-of-Use as determinants of Mobile Banking Adoption. We also propose that this relationship is mediated by attitude towards mobile banking adoption. A total of 250 bank customers from the Lagos area were selected and a structured questionnaire was designed and copies distributed to them. Data was analysed using multiple regression and computed using SPSS 20.0 computer application. Results show that Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease-of-Use, perceived Risk, Facilitating Conditions, Age, Educational Qualifications and Income significantly determine Mobile Banking Adoption. However, the relationship between gender and Mobile Banking Adoption is not significant. The outcome of this study has some implications to m-banking policy formulation and implementation. It also throws more light into what should be done to improve mbanking adoption rate in Nigeria
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
Effect of Mobile Banking on Customer Satisfaction in Selected Banks in Trans-...paperpublications3
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of mobile banking on customer satisfaction in selected banks in Trans-Nzoia County. The study was guided by the following objectives: -to establish the effect of reliability of mobile banking on customer satisfaction, to determine the effect of responsiveness of mobile banking on customer satisfaction , and to evaluate the effect of accessibility of mobile banking services on customer satisfaction in Trans-Nzoia County. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The target population was ten selected banks in Trans-Nzoia County. The study was guided by the; innovation diffusion theory, technology acceptance model (TAM), and theory of reasoned action (TRA). The study adopted the descriptive survey research design with the target population being the selected commercial banks personnel in Trans Nzoia County, totaling to 41 respondents. Census method was adopted since the target population was less than the minimum a hundred for sampling to be used for research. A structured questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument that was designed in a Likert scale format. Data analysis was carried out by use of regression and ANOVA using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 in order to statistically produce the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variable. From the findings, the researcher concluded that the regression effect was statistically significant indicating a reliable prediction of the dependent variable. The F calculated (F =39.96) greater than 5% level of significance thereby showing that the model was significant where the independent variables explained 85% of the mobile banking customer satisfaction. The study was significant to the banking sector since mobile banking is a phenomenon that has taken off and can’t be washed away.
Personal innovativeness and facilitating conditions in shaping the outlooks ...IJECEIAES
The study investigated the determinants of m-banking adoption among generation Y (Gen-Y) in Malaysia. The study underpinned the technology acceptance model as the main guideline or a blueprint for analyzing the research model. The study applied a survey research design and investigated structural equation modeling (SEM) under the partial least-square SEM (PLS-SEM) technique using SmartPLS 2.0. A total 358 m-banking users in Malaysia were exerted as respondents who were randomly selected and then investigated. The results of the analysis conducted with PLS-SEM reveal the existence of usage convenience, facilitating conditions, and personal innovation in information technology that has been remarkably influenced by the outlooks that have adopted m-banking in the country of Malaysia. In addition, the usage convenience that has been felt and facilitated by the conditions found can affect the appraised practicality of m-banking remarkably. Finally, the usage convenience of m-banking that is felt among Gen-Y in Malaysia is influenced by the remarkable activation of personal conditions and innovations exerted in information technology.
E-BANKING IMPLEMENTATION AND TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE IN THE RAFIDAIN AND RASHEE...Hosam alden
n the third millennium, e-banking system has been adopted globally in the banking industry. On the other hand, Iraq as a nation with less developed IT adoption has not integrated this system in its banking services, instead of its current acknowledgement on the advantages of ebanking technology in competition among banking service providers. In
contrast, Iraqi banks still keep on adopting traditional banking system to
deliver the majority of their services which in this case are paper-based
work system. This is greatly resulted from the hesitation of bank
employees to adopt new banking technologies. This study aims to
identify the impact of hypothesis between e-banking system and Iraqi
banks employee perspective. This study was conducted by taking sample
of employee from two biggest public banks in Iraq which are ALRAFIDAIN and AL-RASHEED. A survey through questionnaires on the
website was used as the instrument to collect the data were analyzed
using PLS software. Technology Acceptance model(TAM) as a basic
foundation with independent variables Perceived Usefulness, Perceived
Ease of Use, Perceived IT Beliefs and Task–Technology Fit, Attitude as
Intervening and Intention to Use as dependent variable. The result of
hypothesis analysis reveals that there is a significant impact among all
variables to attitude, but Perceived Ease of Use, it does not apply variable
from those analysis it is depicted that Perceived Ease of Use does not impact to the perception of the implementation of e-banking system in Iraqi banks.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
Similar to Applying Utaut and Innovation Diffusion Theory to Understand the Rapid Adoption of M-PESA (20)
Text Mining in Digital Libraries using OKAPI BM25 ModelEditor IJCATR
The emergence of the internet has made vast amounts of information available and easily accessible online. As a result, most libraries have digitized their content in order to remain relevant to their users and to keep pace with the advancement of the internet. However, these digital libraries have been criticized for using inefficient information retrieval models that do not perform relevance ranking to the retrieved results. This paper proposed the use of OKAPI BM25 model in text mining so as means of improving relevance ranking of digital libraries. Okapi BM25 model was selected because it is a probability-based relevance ranking algorithm. A case study research was conducted and the model design was based on information retrieval processes. The performance of Boolean, vector space, and Okapi BM25 models was compared for data retrieval. Relevant ranked documents were retrieved and displayed at the OPAC framework search page. The results revealed that Okapi BM 25 outperformed Boolean model and Vector Space model. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of Okapi BM25 model to reward terms according to their relative frequencies in a document so as to improve the performance of text mining in digital libraries.
Green Computing, eco trends, climate change, e-waste and eco-friendlyEditor IJCATR
This study focused on the practice of using computing resources more efficiently while maintaining or increasing overall performance. Sustainable IT services require the integration of green computing practices such as power management, virtualization, improving cooling technology, recycling, electronic waste disposal, and optimization of the IT infrastructure to meet sustainability requirements. Studies have shown that costs of power utilized by IT departments can approach 50% of the overall energy costs for an organization. While there is an expectation that green IT should lower costs and the firm’s impact on the environment, there has been far less attention directed at understanding the strategic benefits of sustainable IT services in terms of the creation of customer value, business value and societal value. This paper provides a review of the literature on sustainable IT, key areas of focus, and identifies a core set of principles to guide sustainable IT service design.
Policies for Green Computing and E-Waste in NigeriaEditor IJCATR
Computers today are an integral part of individuals’ lives all around the world, but unfortunately these devices are toxic to the environment given the materials used, their limited battery life and technological obsolescence. Individuals are concerned about the hazardous materials ever present in computers, even if the importance of various attributes differs, and that a more environment -friendly attitude can be obtained through exposure to educational materials. In this paper, we aim to delineate the problem of e-waste in Nigeria and highlight a series of measures and the advantage they herald for our country and propose a series of action steps to develop in these areas further. It is possible for Nigeria to have an immediate economic stimulus and job creation while moving quickly to abide by the requirements of climate change legislation and energy efficiency directives. The costs of implementing energy efficiency and renewable energy measures are minimal as they are not cash expenditures but rather investments paid back by future, continuous energy savings.
Performance Evaluation of VANETs for Evaluating Node Stability in Dynamic Sce...Editor IJCATR
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a favorable area of exploration which empowers the interconnection amid the movable vehicles and between transportable units (vehicles) and road side units (RSU). In Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), mobile vehicles can be organized into assemblage to promote interconnection links. The assemblage arrangement according to dimensions and geographical extend has serious influence on attribute of interaction .Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are subclass of mobile Ad-hoc network involving more complex mobility patterns. Because of mobility the topology changes very frequently. This raises a number of technical challenges including the stability of the network .There is a need for assemblage configuration leading to more stable realistic network. The paper provides investigation of various simulation scenarios in which cluster using k-means algorithm are generated and their numbers are varied to find the more stable configuration in real scenario of road.
Optimum Location of DG Units Considering Operation ConditionsEditor IJCATR
The optimal sizing and placement of Distributed Generation units (DG) are becoming very attractive to researchers these days. In this paper a two stage approach has been used for allocation and sizing of DGs in distribution system with time varying load model. The strategic placement of DGs can help in reducing energy losses and improving voltage profile. The proposed work discusses time varying loads that can be useful for selecting the location and optimizing DG operation. The method has the potential to be used for integrating the available DGs by identifying the best locations in a power system. The proposed method has been demonstrated on 9-bus test system.
Analysis of Comparison of Fuzzy Knn, C4.5 Algorithm, and Naïve Bayes Classifi...Editor IJCATR
Early detection of diabetes mellitus (DM) can prevent or inhibit complication. There are several laboratory test that must be done to detect DM. The result of this laboratory test then converted into data training. Data training used in this study generated from UCI Pima Database with 6 attributes that were used to classify positive or negative diabetes. There are various classification methods that are commonly used, and in this study three of them were compared, which were fuzzy KNN, C4.5 algorithm and Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) with one identical case. The objective of this study was to create software to classify DM using tested methods and compared the three methods based on accuracy, precision, and recall. The results showed that the best method was Fuzzy KNN with average and maximum accuracy reached 96% and 98%, respectively. In second place, NBC method had respective average and maximum accuracy of 87.5% and 90%. Lastly, C4.5 algorithm had average and maximum accuracy of 79.5% and 86%, respectively.
Web Scraping for Estimating new Record from Source SiteEditor IJCATR
Study in the Competitive field of Intelligent, and studies in the field of Web Scraping, have a symbiotic relationship mutualism. In the information age today, the website serves as a main source. The research focus is on how to get data from websites and how to slow down the intensity of the download. The problem that arises is the website sources are autonomous so that vulnerable changes the structure of the content at any time. The next problem is the system intrusion detection snort installed on the server to detect bot crawler. So the researchers propose the use of the methods of Mining Data Records and the method of Exponential Smoothing so that adaptive to changes in the structure of the content and do a browse or fetch automatically follow the pattern of the occurrences of the news. The results of the tests, with the threshold 0.3 for MDR and similarity threshold score 0.65 for STM, using recall and precision values produce f-measure average 92.6%. While the results of the tests of the exponential estimation smoothing using ? = 0.5 produces MAE 18.2 datarecord duplicate. It slowed down to 3.6 datarecord from 21.8 datarecord results schedule download/fetch fix in an average time of occurrence news.
Evaluating Semantic Similarity between Biomedical Concepts/Classes through S...Editor IJCATR
Most of the existing semantic similarity measures that use ontology structure as their primary source can measure semantic similarity between concepts/classes using single ontology. The ontology-based semantic similarity techniques such as structure-based semantic similarity techniques (Path Length Measure, Wu and Palmer’s Measure, and Leacock and Chodorow’s measure), information content-based similarity techniques (Resnik’s measure, Lin’s measure), and biomedical domain ontology techniques (Al-Mubaid and Nguyen’s measure (SimDist)) were evaluated relative to human experts’ ratings, and compared on sets of concepts using the ICD-10 “V1.0” terminology within the UMLS. The experimental results validate the efficiency of the SemDist technique in single ontology, and demonstrate that SemDist semantic similarity techniques, compared with the existing techniques, gives the best overall results of correlation with experts’ ratings.
Semantic Similarity Measures between Terms in the Biomedical Domain within f...Editor IJCATR
The techniques and tests are tools used to define how measure the goodness of ontology or its resources. The similarity between biomedical classes/concepts is an important task for the biomedical information extraction and knowledge discovery. However, most of the semantic similarity techniques can be adopted to be used in the biomedical domain (UMLS). Many experiments have been conducted to check the applicability of these measures. In this paper, we investigate to measure semantic similarity between two terms within single ontology or multiple ontologies in ICD-10 “V1.0” as primary source, and compare my results to human experts score by correlation coefficient.
A Strategy for Improving the Performance of Small Files in Openstack Swift Editor IJCATR
This is an effective way to improve the storage access performance of small files in Openstack Swift by adding an aggregate storage module. Because Swift will lead to too much disk operation when querying metadata, the transfer performance of plenty of small files is low. In this paper, we propose an aggregated storage strategy (ASS), and implement it in Swift. ASS comprises two parts which include merge storage and index storage. At the first stage, ASS arranges the write request queue in chronological order, and then stores objects in volumes. These volumes are large files that are stored in Swift actually. During the short encounter time, the object-to-volume mapping information is stored in Key-Value store at the second stage. The experimental results show that the ASS can effectively improve Swift's small file transfer performance.
Integrated System for Vehicle Clearance and RegistrationEditor IJCATR
Efficient management and control of government's cash resources rely on government banking arrangements. Nigeria, like many low income countries, employed fragmented systems in handling government receipts and payments. Later in 2016, Nigeria implemented a unified structure as recommended by the IMF, where all government funds are collected in one account would reduce borrowing costs, extend credit and improve government's fiscal policy among other benefits to government. This situation motivated us to embark on this research to design and implement an integrated system for vehicle clearance and registration. This system complies with the new Treasury Single Account policy to enable proper interaction and collaboration among five different level agencies (NCS, FRSC, SBIR, VIO and NPF) saddled with vehicular administration and activities in Nigeria. Since the system is web based, Object Oriented Hypermedia Design Methodology (OOHDM) is used. Tools such as Php, JavaScript, css, html, AJAX and other web development technologies were used. The result is a web based system that gives proper information about a vehicle starting from the exact date of importation to registration and renewal of licensing. Vehicle owner information, custom duty information, plate number registration details, etc. will also be efficiently retrieved from the system by any of the agencies without contacting the other agency at any point in time. Also number plate will no longer be the only means of vehicle identification as it is presently the case in Nigeria, because the unified system will automatically generate and assigned a Unique Vehicle Identification Pin Number (UVIPN) on payment of duty in the system to the vehicle and the UVIPN will be linked to the various agencies in the management information system.
Assessment of the Efficiency of Customer Order Management System: A Case Stu...Editor IJCATR
The Supermarket Management System deals with the automation of buying and selling of good and services. It includes both sales and purchase of items. The project Supermarket Management System is to be developed with the objective of making the system reliable, easier, fast, and more informative.
Energy-Aware Routing in Wireless Sensor Network Using Modified Bi-Directional A*Editor IJCATR
Energy is a key component in the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)[1]. The system will not be able to run according to its function without the availability of adequate power units. One of the characteristics of wireless sensor network is Limitation energy[2]. A lot of research has been done to develop strategies to overcome this problem. One of them is clustering technique. The popular clustering technique is Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH)[3]. In LEACH, clustering techniques are used to determine Cluster Head (CH), which will then be assigned to forward packets to Base Station (BS). In this research, we propose other clustering techniques, which utilize the Social Network Analysis approach theory of Betweeness Centrality (BC) which will then be implemented in the Setup phase. While in the Steady-State phase, one of the heuristic searching algorithms, Modified Bi-Directional A* (MBDA *) is implemented. The experiment was performed deploy 100 nodes statically in the 100x100 area, with one Base Station at coordinates (50,50). To find out the reliability of the system, the experiment to do in 5000 rounds. The performance of the designed routing protocol strategy will be tested based on network lifetime, throughput, and residual energy. The results show that BC-MBDA * is better than LEACH. This is influenced by the ways of working LEACH in determining the CH that is dynamic, which is always changing in every data transmission process. This will result in the use of energy, because they always doing any computation to determine CH in every transmission process. In contrast to BC-MBDA *, CH is statically determined, so it can decrease energy usage.
Security in Software Defined Networks (SDN): Challenges and Research Opportun...Editor IJCATR
In networks, the rapidly changing traffic patterns of search engines, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, Big Data and data centers has thrown up new challenges for legacy; existing networks; and prompted the need for a more intelligent and innovative way to dynamically manage traffic and allocate limited network resources. Software Defined Network (SDN) which decouples the control plane from the data plane through network vitalizations aims to address these challenges. This paper has explored the SDN architecture and its implementation with the OpenFlow protocol. It has also assessed some of its benefits over traditional network architectures, security concerns and how it can be addressed in future research and related works in emerging economies such as Nigeria.
Measure the Similarity of Complaint Document Using Cosine Similarity Based on...Editor IJCATR
Report handling on "LAPOR!" (Laporan, Aspirasi dan Pengaduan Online Rakyat) system depending on the system administrator who manually reads every incoming report [3]. Read manually can lead to errors in handling complaints [4] if the data flow is huge and grows rapidly, it needs at least three days to prepare a confirmation and it sensitive to inconsistencies [3]. In this study, the authors propose a model that can measure the identities of the Query (Incoming) with Document (Archive). The authors employed Class-Based Indexing term weighting scheme, and Cosine Similarities to analyse document similarities. CoSimTFIDF, CoSimTFICF and CoSimTFIDFICF values used in classification as feature for K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN) classifier. The optimum result evaluation is pre-processing employ 75% of training data ratio and 25% of test data with CoSimTFIDF feature. It deliver a high accuracy 84%. The k = 5 value obtain high accuracy 84.12%
Hangul Recognition Using Support Vector MachineEditor IJCATR
The recognition of Hangul Image is more difficult compared with that of Latin. It could be recognized from the structural arrangement. Hangul is arranged from two dimensions while Latin is only from the left to the right. The current research creates a system to convert Hangul image into Latin text in order to use it as a learning material on reading Hangul. In general, image recognition system is divided into three steps. The first step is preprocessing, which includes binarization, segmentation through connected component-labeling method, and thinning with Zhang Suen to decrease some pattern information. The second is receiving the feature from every single image, whose identification process is done through chain code method. The third is recognizing the process using Support Vector Machine (SVM) with some kernels. It works through letter image and Hangul word recognition. It consists of 34 letters, each of which has 15 different patterns. The whole patterns are 510, divided into 3 data scenarios. The highest result achieved is 94,7% using SVM kernel polynomial and radial basis function. The level of recognition result is influenced by many trained data. Whilst the recognition process of Hangul word applies to the type 2 Hangul word with 6 different patterns. The difference of these patterns appears from the change of the font type. The chosen fonts for data training are such as Batang, Dotum, Gaeul, Gulim, Malgun Gothic. Arial Unicode MS is used to test the data. The lowest accuracy is achieved through the use of SVM kernel radial basis function, which is 69%. The same result, 72 %, is given by the SVM kernel linear and polynomial.
Application of 3D Printing in EducationEditor IJCATR
This paper provides a review of literature concerning the application of 3D printing in the education system. The review identifies that 3D Printing is being applied across the Educational levels [1] as well as in Libraries, Laboratories, and Distance education systems. The review also finds that 3D Printing is being used to teach both students and trainers about 3D Printing and to develop 3D Printing skills.
Survey on Energy-Efficient Routing Algorithms for Underwater Wireless Sensor ...Editor IJCATR
In underwater environment, for retrieval of information the routing mechanism is used. In routing mechanism there are three to four types of nodes are used, one is sink node which is deployed on the water surface and can collect the information, courier/super/AUV or dolphin powerful nodes are deployed in the middle of the water for forwarding the packets, ordinary nodes are also forwarder nodes which can be deployed from bottom to surface of the water and source nodes are deployed at the seabed which can extract the valuable information from the bottom of the sea. In underwater environment the battery power of the nodes is limited and that power can be enhanced through better selection of the routing algorithm. This paper focuses the energy-efficient routing algorithms for their routing mechanisms to prolong the battery power of the nodes. This paper also focuses the performance analysis of the energy-efficient algorithms under which we can examine the better performance of the route selection mechanism which can prolong the battery power of the node
Comparative analysis on Void Node Removal Routing algorithms for Underwater W...Editor IJCATR
The designing of routing algorithms faces many challenges in underwater environment like: propagation delay, acoustic channel behaviour, limited bandwidth, high bit error rate, limited battery power, underwater pressure, node mobility, localization 3D deployment, and underwater obstacles (voids). This paper focuses the underwater voids which affects the overall performance of the entire network. The majority of the researchers have used the better approaches for removal of voids through alternate path selection mechanism but still research needs improvement. This paper also focuses the architecture and its operation through merits and demerits of the existing algorithms. This research article further focuses the analytical method of the performance analysis of existing algorithms through which we found the better approach for removal of voids
Decay Property for Solutions to Plate Type Equations with Variable CoefficientsEditor IJCATR
In this paper we consider the initial value problem for a plate type equation with variable coefficients and memory in
1 n R n ), which is of regularity-loss property. By using spectrally resolution, we study the pointwise estimates in the spectral
space of the fundamental solution to the corresponding linear problem. Appealing to this pointwise estimates, we obtain the global
existence and the decay estimates of solutions to the semilinear problem by employing the fixed point theorem
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
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Applying Utaut and Innovation Diffusion Theory to Understand the Rapid Adoption of M-PESA
1. International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research
Volume 5–Issue 11, 705-707, 2016, ISSN:-2319–8656
www.ijcat.com 705
Applying Utaut and Innovation Diffusion Theory to
Understand the Rapid Adoption of M-PESA
Caroline Kinuthia
PhD School of Informatics
Vienna University of
Technology
Vienna, Austria
Abstract: M-PESA, the world-leading mobile money system has transformed lives and livelihoods in Kenya and beyond. Financial
inclusion for the marginalized in emerging markets is now feasible and achievable. Mobile money promises a more scalable and
cheaper alternative to the large unbanked populace than conventional banking. In the recent years, Sub-Saharan Africa has rolled out a
number of practical technology-driven innovative products leading to more and more cashless transactions. One such product is M-
PESA; a mobile-based financial innovation that has achieved unprecedented growth since its inception in March 2007 by the mobile
network operator, Safaricom. In spite of its tantalizing potential, one major challenge is how to optimally capture the market. This
paper analyses the M-PESA ecosystem, by building theoretical linkages between two main theories; i) Innovation Diffusion Theory
and ii) Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. The questions the author is addressing are: Which factors are
responsible for M-PESA’s rapid adoption? How does Safaricom maintain its strong grip as a Mobile Network Operator in the financial
sector?
Keywords: e-float; financial inclusion; knowledge economy; value proposition; performance expectancy; effort expectancy; unified
theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT); innovation diffusion theory (IDT)
1. INTRODUCTION
The cost of accessing a bank is the biggest challenge facing
most people in emerging economies. Mobile payment systems
as described in [6], [7], [11] and [12] are breaking down
numerous barriers caused by distance and access thus
improving banking activities in these countries. M-PESA is
processing more money transactions in Kenya, than what
Western Union transacts globally hence providing mobile
banking services to Kenya’s 70 percent adult population
according to [4], [5] and [9].
The numerous financial innovations mushrooming in the
developing countries has brought about a knowledge
economy. This emphasizes the role of knowledge in
implementing technology. More than in the past, there is
emergence of technological start-ups that are tailored around
finding solutions to everyday problems using technology. The
growing ubiquity of mobile phones experienced in developing
countries has revolutionized the financial infrastructure and
led to these nations to leapfrog the developed countries.
Data was collected by administering a questionnaire on 482
respondents across both rural and urban settings. Statistical
Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to
statistically analyze data.
The author explored various parameters that promote
intentions to use M-PESA. The unified theory of acceptance
and use of technology (UTAUT) model by [15] was
integrated with the innovation diffusion theory (IDT) [3]. The
two theories were used to access customer acceptance of M-
PESA’s novel innovation and ease of use. Based on these
facts, the study aims to focus on two objectives:
To determine factors responsible for M-PESA’s
rapid adoption.
To understand Safaricom’s strategy of maintaining
customers under stiff competition.
The paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we will look
briefly at the M-PESA system. The next Section discusses the
methodology administered. Section 4 explains the results, .
Finally we will present our conclusion in section 5.
2. M-PESA IN A NUTSHELL
2.1 How does it work?
M-PESA is a phone based money-transfer scheme as
explained in [2]. It requires a subscriber to sign-up. The
subscriber is then able to pay cash money into the system by
visiting any of Safaricom’s 90,000 agents (usually a small
business premise). The agent then credits the money to the
subscriber’s M-PESA account (e-float) as mentioned in [8].
The subscriber may withdraw money by visiting any
authorized agent, who determines if the subscriber has
sufficient funds before debiting subscriber’s account and
giving out cash. The subscriber can also transfer money to
others (P2P) using the phone’s menu. It is therefore a safer
method of transferring cash, rather than using the traditional
physical method which is more risky [14]. One factor that has
propelled M-PESA’s prosperity is the Kenyan culture of
‘giving’. Most of the working populations in urban areas
support their families who live in rural villages financially.
Figure 1 below illustrates M-PESA transactions (deposits,
withdrawals and P2P transfers) for the last 6 years as
illustrated in [10].
2. International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research
Volume 5–Issue 11, 705-707, 2016, ISSN:-2319–8656
www.ijcat.com 706
Figure 1: M-PESA transactions in figures. Source Safaricom statistics
2.2 M-PESA’s influence on the
international mobile ecosystem
The business model and value proposition used by M-PESA is
based on transacting high volumes of low value. Developing
countries can leverage on this model to gain economic
growth. Safaricom is collaborating with other mobile money
operators (MNOs) in Africa and beyond to provide mobile-
based money services. These services include sending money,
withdrawals, P2P transfers, purchase of airtime, paying for
goods and services, savings and loans as described by the
authors [1] and [13]. Safaricom has partnered with Tanzania’s
Vodacom, Rwanda’s and Uganda’s MTN. MTN and
Safaricom have already planned to roll out the same services
in Afghanistan, Botswana, Cyprus, Benin, Cameroon, Ghana,
Ivory Coast, Guinea, Republic of Congo, Iran, Liberia, Sudan,
South Africa, Syria, Yemen, Swaziland and Zambia. Most
notable countries where M-PESA system has been mirrored
is in Mozambique, India and Romania. Traditional banks that
had initially written Safaricom off, are now strategizing on
inventing more innovative solutions in order to cash-in on the
profits.
3. METHODOLOGY
This research investigates questionnaire responses from 482
M-PESA customers in Kenya using the random sampling
method. Out of these, 36 questionnaires were discarded. The
respondents comprise 285 males and 161 females. 55 percent
of the respondents reside in urban neighbourhoods while 45
percent live in the rural areas. The process was carried out in a
span of six months cumulatively. The sample was thereafter
statistically analyzed. To ensure more grounded findings, the
author has also consulted literature and statistics from various
authoritative sources
3.1 Research Model
In this study, the author uses UTAUT [15] to study
acceptance and use of M-PESA by Safaricom’s customers in
Kenya. According to UTAUT, there are four factors that
influence use of M-PESA: performance expectancy (PE),
effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI) and facilitating
conditions (FC). The author incorporated the following
parameters: gender, age, experience, voluntariness to use and
location of respondent (rural or urban) to the study. In
addition, Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) [3] was also
incorporated to answer the research questions. Core constructs
checked the following parameters: ease of use, voluntariness
of use, consistency, simplicity, interactivity and
responsiveness.
H1
H2
H3
H4
Figure 2: Theoretical framework of hypothesis. UTAUT with human
and social variables incorporated. Source Venkatesh et al. 2003
3.2 Research Hypotheses
The UTAUT model suits the context of this study well. It is a
solid theory that was developed by consolidating constructs of
eight earlier models (including innovation diffusion theory)
which research previously used to describe information
systems usage behavior. Effort expectancy is expected to be
the most essential construct at the initial stages of behavioural
intention to use M-PESA. It is also expected that simplicity
and ease of use of M-PESA will also increase the behavioural
intention to use M-PESA. It is apparent that young users
would tend to adapt M-PESA more easily than the older
population. Family and friends are most likely to influence
adoption of M-PESA by most individuals. Based on these, the
author has developed the following hypotheses:
I. Hypothesis 1: Performance expectancy positively
influences behavioural intention to use M-PESA by
customers.
II. Hypothesis 2: Effort expectancy positively
influences behavioural intention to use M-PESA by
customers.
III. Hypothesis 3: Social influence positively influences
customers’ behavioural intention to use M-PESA.
IV. Hypothesis 4: Facilitating conditions positively
influences customer’s behavioural intention to use
Safaricom’s M-PESA.
4. RESULTS
Data in this study was found to be reliable. According to the
Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), the composite
reliabilities ranged from 0.74 to 0.93 which exceeds the
recommended value of 0.70. Regression analysis investigates
the influence of PE, EE and SE on intention to use. Results
indicate that PE, EE and SE significantly affect behavioural
intention to use. Further, table 1 below confirms that
hypotheses H1, H2, H3, H4 are supported.
PE
EE
S1
Behavioura
l Intention
FC
Use
Behaviour
Voluntarine
ss to use
GenderAge Experience
3. International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research
Volume 5–Issue 11, 705-707, 2016, ISSN:-2319–8656
www.ijcat.com 707
Table 1: Path Coefficients(E) for direct factors on customer’s
acceptance of M-PESA. Testing hypothesis and result for H1, H2, H3,
H4.
Dependent
variable
Pa
th
Direct
Factor
E p Statistical
result
Behavioural
Intention(BI)
Performance
Expectancy
(PE)
.138 * Supported
Behavioural
Intention(BI)
Effort
Expectancy
(EE)
.102 *** Supported
Behavioural
Intention(BI)
Social
Influence
(SI)
.318 *** Supported
Behavioural
Intention(BI)
Facilitating
Conditions
(FC)
.077 ** Supported
*p< .01 **p< .05 ***p< .000
5. CONCLUSION
It is evident that several salient factors are responsible for the
success of the mobile money innovation, M-PESA. Customers
have found the mobile payment interface user friendly,
responsive, interactive, simple, consistent and easy to use.
Safaricom on the other hand has made mobile payment
services cost effective, accessible round the clock and
considerably secure. The transactional speeds are very
impressive and the service is easily available by ensuring
there is a wide agent network across the country. Moreover,
M-PESA has already expanded its network across several
countries with unequalled success. It is also cashing in on
international remittances (money transfer) by partnering with
moneygram proving that it is still expanding new lines of
conducting business.
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author would like to especially thank her PhD
supervisors, Prof. Gerti Kappel and Prof. Christian Huemer
for their support. This research was made possible by funding
from the City of Vienna through the Vienna University of
Technology. A special appreciation to Dr. Andrew Kahonge
and the University of Nairobi, School of Computing and
Informatics, University of Nairobi for their resourcefulness
and guidance. Finally, the author would like to gratefully
acknowledge all the M-PESA agents who participated in this
research for their invaluable contribution.
7. REFERENCES
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