E-Health is alluded to as utilizing of information and communication technologies (ICT) in restorative field to control treatment of patients, research, and wellbeing training and checking of general wellbeing. The reason for this paper is thusly to investigate an institutionalized system for E-Health challenges confronted
by e-wellbeing A rundown of both e-wellbeing difficulties are given and a proposed structure is likewise accommodated E-Health and could give direction in the execution of e-wellbeing To understand the motivation behind the paper, an inductive substance examination procedure was taken after. The
fundamental outcomes were that in spite of the fact that the difficulties exceeds the advantages in the gave records, there is still trust that through appropriate ICT arrangements the advantages of e-wellbeing can develop all the more quickly. This can prompt to enhanced e-wellbeing administration conveyance and nationals in nations can all profit by this.
Cucumber disease recognition using machine learning and transfer learningriyaniaes
Cucumber is grown, as a cash crop besides it is one of the main and popular vegetables in Bangladesh. As Bangladesh's economy is largely dependent on the agricultural sector, cucumber farming could make economic and productivity growth more sustainable. But many diseases diminish the situation of cucumber. Early detection of disease can help to stop disease from spreading to other healthy plants and also accurate identifying the disease will help to reduce crop losses through specific treatments. In this paper, we have presented two approaches namely traditional machine learning (ML) and CNN-based transfer learning. Then we have compared the performance of the applied techniques to find out the most appropriate techniques for recognizing cucumber diseases. In our ML approach, the system involves five steps. After collecting the image, pre-processing is done by resizing, filtering, and contrast-enhancing. Then we have compared various ML algorithms using k-means based image segmentation after extracted 10 relevant features. Random forest gives the best accuracy with 89.93% in the traditional ML approach. We also studied and applied CNN-based transfer learning to investigate the further improvement of recognition performance. Lastly, a comparison among various transfer learning models such as InceptionV3, MobileNetV2, and VGG16 has been performed. Between these two approaches, MobileNetV2 achieves the highest accuracy with 93.23%.
Online medical consultation: covid-19 system using software object-oriented a...riyaniaes
The internet has been a source of medical information, it has been used for online medical consultation (OMC). OMC is now offered by many providers internationally with diverse models and features. In OMC, consultations and treatments are available 24/7. The covid-19 pandemic across-the-board, many people unable to go to hospital or clinic because the spread of the virus. This paper tried to answer two research questions. The first one on how the OMC can help the patients during covid-19 pandemic. A literature review was conducted to answer the first research question. The second one on how to develop system in OMC related to covid-19 pandemic. The system was developed by Visual Studio 2019 using software object-oriented approach. Online expert review was conducted within 6 experts from health and academic industry to verify the model. Also, the system was validated by 11 users from heath and academic industry to confirm its usability. The statistical package for social science (SPSS 22) was used to analyze the collected data. The result of expert review confirmed that covid-19 system can help the patients. Also, the validity of the system was confirmed by 11 users from health and academic industry.
Factors Associated With Internet Use among Primary Care Patients in Makurdi, ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
E-Health is alluded to as utilizing of information and communication technologies (ICT) in restorative field to control treatment of patients, research, and wellbeing training and checking of general wellbeing. The reason for this paper is thusly to investigate an institutionalized system for E-Health challenges confronted
by e-wellbeing A rundown of both e-wellbeing difficulties are given and a proposed structure is likewise accommodated E-Health and could give direction in the execution of e-wellbeing To understand the motivation behind the paper, an inductive substance examination procedure was taken after. The
fundamental outcomes were that in spite of the fact that the difficulties exceeds the advantages in the gave records, there is still trust that through appropriate ICT arrangements the advantages of e-wellbeing can develop all the more quickly. This can prompt to enhanced e-wellbeing administration conveyance and nationals in nations can all profit by this.
Cucumber disease recognition using machine learning and transfer learningriyaniaes
Cucumber is grown, as a cash crop besides it is one of the main and popular vegetables in Bangladesh. As Bangladesh's economy is largely dependent on the agricultural sector, cucumber farming could make economic and productivity growth more sustainable. But many diseases diminish the situation of cucumber. Early detection of disease can help to stop disease from spreading to other healthy plants and also accurate identifying the disease will help to reduce crop losses through specific treatments. In this paper, we have presented two approaches namely traditional machine learning (ML) and CNN-based transfer learning. Then we have compared the performance of the applied techniques to find out the most appropriate techniques for recognizing cucumber diseases. In our ML approach, the system involves five steps. After collecting the image, pre-processing is done by resizing, filtering, and contrast-enhancing. Then we have compared various ML algorithms using k-means based image segmentation after extracted 10 relevant features. Random forest gives the best accuracy with 89.93% in the traditional ML approach. We also studied and applied CNN-based transfer learning to investigate the further improvement of recognition performance. Lastly, a comparison among various transfer learning models such as InceptionV3, MobileNetV2, and VGG16 has been performed. Between these two approaches, MobileNetV2 achieves the highest accuracy with 93.23%.
Online medical consultation: covid-19 system using software object-oriented a...riyaniaes
The internet has been a source of medical information, it has been used for online medical consultation (OMC). OMC is now offered by many providers internationally with diverse models and features. In OMC, consultations and treatments are available 24/7. The covid-19 pandemic across-the-board, many people unable to go to hospital or clinic because the spread of the virus. This paper tried to answer two research questions. The first one on how the OMC can help the patients during covid-19 pandemic. A literature review was conducted to answer the first research question. The second one on how to develop system in OMC related to covid-19 pandemic. The system was developed by Visual Studio 2019 using software object-oriented approach. Online expert review was conducted within 6 experts from health and academic industry to verify the model. Also, the system was validated by 11 users from heath and academic industry to confirm its usability. The statistical package for social science (SPSS 22) was used to analyze the collected data. The result of expert review confirmed that covid-19 system can help the patients. Also, the validity of the system was confirmed by 11 users from health and academic industry.
Factors Associated With Internet Use among Primary Care Patients in Makurdi, ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Applying Utaut and Innovation Diffusion Theory to Understand the Rapid Adopti...Editor IJCATR
M-PESA, the world-leading mobile money system has transformed lives and livelihoods in Kenya and beyond. Financial
inclusion for the marginalized in emerging markets is now feasible and achievable. Mobile money promises a more scalable and
cheaper alternative to the large unbanked populace than conventional banking. In the recent years, Sub-Saharan Africa has rolled out a
number of practical technology-driven innovative products leading to more and more cashless transactions. One such product is MPESA;
a mobile-based financial innovation that has achieved unprecedented growth since its inception in March 2007 by the mobile
network operator, Safaricom. In spite of its tantalizing potential, one major challenge is how to optimally capture the market. This
paper analyses the M-PESA ecosystem, by building theoretical linkages between two main theories; i) Innovation Diffusion Theory
and ii) Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. The questions the author is addressing are: Which factors are
responsible for M-PESA’s rapid adoption? How does Safaricom maintain its strong grip as a Mobile Network Operator in the financial
sector?
The use of mobile applications, through smart phones, smartphones, has been considered by many to be the technological revolution of greatest repercussion in recent times. Compared to a handheld computer and with access to millions of applications, its main feature is unlimited mobility, accompanying its user at all times and in any place. In health, it is known that professionals are constantly moving outside of the institutions in which they work, so mobility is fundamental, which contributes to the interoperability of mobile technologies. This study aims to identify the research involving mobile technology applied to the vaccination being used. The methodology used is of the type integrative review of the literature. The final sample had 14 papers.
Measuring prevailing practices of healthcare professional on electronic healt...journalBEEI
Paper based approach to clinical documentation such as handwritten notes among health care providers are cause of errors in medical field. Therefore, health record system needs to be replaced with electronic health record (EHR). Many health professionals in developing countries specifically in Iraq refuse to use the systems implemented for their benefits due to many reasons. Thus, the use of electronic services is important for successful electronic health implementations. Therefore, this study is intended to identify the main factors affecting the intention of use of the electronic health record in Iraq. Health professional staff who work in the main hospital in Dhi-Qar is chosen because this province is the first local province that implemented many electronic projects. The present study examined use of user acceptance of technology, based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). Moreover, the quantitative method approach for data collection using survey from staff who work in the main hospital in Dhi-Qar. Data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling using AMOS. The results indicated significant relationship between Ease of Use, Usefulness, Usefulness, Attitude, and Intention of use of EHR. These finding have implementation for decision makers in Iraq government to improve future implementation of e-health services.
AN EHEALTH ADOPTION FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEWhiij
There is growing interest in the rate of eHealth uptake resulting from the increased potential to advance
the quality of healthcare services in both the developed and developing countries. Although the
implementation of information and communication technology to support healthcare delivery would
greatly address the quality and accessibility challenges in healthcare as well as reduction in the cost of
healthcare delivery, the adoption of eHealth has not been fully realized. This study aimed at conducting a
systematic literature review to establish the factors associated with the adoption of eHealth and propose a
context-specific framework for successful adoption of eHealth technologies in developing countries such as
Uganda. The systematic literature review process was guided by the Systematic Review Protocol. The
review of 29 journals from the period 2009-2021 showed that, although the most widely used frameworks
in the developing countries were Technology Adoption Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and
Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework and Technology Organization Environment (TOE) framework,
there were other salient factors reported by other researchers that contributed to the adoption of eHealth
in developing countries. A novel framework for adoption of eHealth in the local context with eight (8)
dimensions namely; Socio-demographic, Technology, Information, Socio-cultural, Organization,
Governance, Ethical and legal and Financial dimensions is derived and presented as result of the
research.
Adoption of Integrated Healthcare Information System in Nairobi County: Kenya...Editor IJCATR
Health care information systems are aimed at facilitating the smooth running and interoperability of the health care
delivery processes to ensure efficiency and effectiveness; however, the complexity, heterogeneity and diversity of the health care
sector especially in Kenya poses serious challenges especially in relation to integration of the systems. There is a large disconnect
between the public and private health care delivery systems characterized by fragmentation of services, locally within hospitals
(among primary, secondary and tertiary health care settings) and across different health care centers. This research is aimed at
examining the adoption of integrated healthcare information system in Nairobi County; Kenyatta National Hospital represents the
public sector and The Mater Hospital the private sector. A sample size of 100 users on information system from the two hospitals
picked from the primary secondary and tertiary levels were selected and questionnaires administered to them. Data was analyzed
through descriptive statistics with the aid of SPSS. The results of the study indicated that there was a huge disparity between
healthcare information system adoption in the public and private sectors with the private sector’s adoption being at an advanced
stage. The major barriers to adoption including social political barriers, financial constraints and technical/technological barriers
also presented.
Mapping the Metrics of Radiology Technology Diffusion: A Case for SwazilandDr. Amarjeet Singh
In recent years Swaziland’s medical field has been
graced by computerised data collecting systems and the
installation of computer work stations in most health care
facilities. This was in response to the invention of new and
improved imaging technologies in high income countries.
Establishing the impact of this development requires
investigation of predictor variables such as perceived ease
of use, perceived usefulness and the technology diffusion
pattern as it varies from one country to another. In this
complex landscape, the objective of this study was to
establish how these predictor variables modelled
technology diffusion in Swaziland. Data collection involved
both passive and active data sources using questionnaires,
interviews and observations in a complemental manner. An
83% response rate was obtained from the study. The
results revealed that technology diffusion in Swaziland was
currently at its peak modelled mainly by the perceived ease
of use and the perceived usefulness of the new technologies.
The peak of the diffusion of technology was in the second
decade of the 21st century with the most advanced
technologies being in the private sector. A more extensive
study to cover imaging centres excluded from this study is
recommended. An investigation into technology diffusion
extending to interventional radiology practices, role
extension for radiographers and funding models may
support improved technology diffusion mechanisms.
Modern Era of Medical Field : E-HealthFull Text ijbbjournal
E-Health is alluded to as utilizing of information and communication technologies (ICT) in restorative field
to control treatment of patients, research, and wellbeing training and checking of general wellbeing. The
reason for this paper is thusly to investigate an institutionalized system for E-Health challenges confronted
by e-wellbeing A rundown of both e-wellbeing difficulties are given and a proposed structure is likewise
accommodated E-Health and could give direction in the execution of e-wellbeing To understand the
motivation behind the paper, an inductive substance examination procedure was taken after. The
fundamental outcomes were that in spite of the fact that the difficulties exceeds the advantages in the gave
records, there is still trust that through appropriate ICT arrangements the advantages of e-wellbeing can
develop all the more quickly. This can prompt to enhanced e-wellbeing administration conveyance and
nationals in nations can all profit by this
Barriers to the Use of Information and Communication Technologies ICTS in the...ijtsrd
Vulnerable populations affected by mental disorders living in communities of the Northwest and Southwest Regions of Cameroon suffer from near absent or inadequate mental health services. Understanding the barriers in the use of information and communication technologies ICTs is crucial for mental health professionals living and working in these communities as it offers them opportunities to explore options as they continue to provide much needed community based mental health services to clients in these communities. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers to the use of ICTs in the provision of community based mental health services in the Northwest and Southwest Regions of Camroon. More specifically, the study sought to ascertain the extent to which barriers in the use of the telephone, computers and the internet affected the provision of community based mental health services. The study employed a case study research design using qualitative techniques. Interviews and observations were used to obtain data from a sample of 25 mental health practitioners working at office and field locations in the Northwest and Southwest Regions of the country. Data was analyzed using content analysis with the support of ATLAS.ti software version 8.0. Based on the findings, recommendations were made to mental health professionals and community service providers who were advised to increase their ICT competency and proficiency in order to emerge as better professionals in today’s globalized, industrialized and highly competitive job market in order to continue to provide comprehensive and sustainable community based mental health services to vulnerable populations affected by mental disorders in the Northwest and Southwest communities of Cameroon and beyond. Suggestions for further studies were also made. Azinwi Terence Niba "Barriers to the Use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTS) in the Provision of Community- Based Mental Health Services: Case of the Northwest and Southwest Regions of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50671.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/education/50671/barriers-to-the-use-of-information-and-communication-technologies-icts-in-the-provision-of-community-based-mental-health-services-case-of-the-northwest-and-southwest-regions-of-cameroon/azinwi-terence-niba
Applying Utaut and Innovation Diffusion Theory to Understand the Rapid Adopti...Editor IJCATR
M-PESA, the world-leading mobile money system has transformed lives and livelihoods in Kenya and beyond. Financial
inclusion for the marginalized in emerging markets is now feasible and achievable. Mobile money promises a more scalable and
cheaper alternative to the large unbanked populace than conventional banking. In the recent years, Sub-Saharan Africa has rolled out a
number of practical technology-driven innovative products leading to more and more cashless transactions. One such product is MPESA;
a mobile-based financial innovation that has achieved unprecedented growth since its inception in March 2007 by the mobile
network operator, Safaricom. In spite of its tantalizing potential, one major challenge is how to optimally capture the market. This
paper analyses the M-PESA ecosystem, by building theoretical linkages between two main theories; i) Innovation Diffusion Theory
and ii) Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. The questions the author is addressing are: Which factors are
responsible for M-PESA’s rapid adoption? How does Safaricom maintain its strong grip as a Mobile Network Operator in the financial
sector?
The use of mobile applications, through smart phones, smartphones, has been considered by many to be the technological revolution of greatest repercussion in recent times. Compared to a handheld computer and with access to millions of applications, its main feature is unlimited mobility, accompanying its user at all times and in any place. In health, it is known that professionals are constantly moving outside of the institutions in which they work, so mobility is fundamental, which contributes to the interoperability of mobile technologies. This study aims to identify the research involving mobile technology applied to the vaccination being used. The methodology used is of the type integrative review of the literature. The final sample had 14 papers.
Measuring prevailing practices of healthcare professional on electronic healt...journalBEEI
Paper based approach to clinical documentation such as handwritten notes among health care providers are cause of errors in medical field. Therefore, health record system needs to be replaced with electronic health record (EHR). Many health professionals in developing countries specifically in Iraq refuse to use the systems implemented for their benefits due to many reasons. Thus, the use of electronic services is important for successful electronic health implementations. Therefore, this study is intended to identify the main factors affecting the intention of use of the electronic health record in Iraq. Health professional staff who work in the main hospital in Dhi-Qar is chosen because this province is the first local province that implemented many electronic projects. The present study examined use of user acceptance of technology, based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). Moreover, the quantitative method approach for data collection using survey from staff who work in the main hospital in Dhi-Qar. Data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling using AMOS. The results indicated significant relationship between Ease of Use, Usefulness, Usefulness, Attitude, and Intention of use of EHR. These finding have implementation for decision makers in Iraq government to improve future implementation of e-health services.
AN EHEALTH ADOPTION FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEWhiij
There is growing interest in the rate of eHealth uptake resulting from the increased potential to advance
the quality of healthcare services in both the developed and developing countries. Although the
implementation of information and communication technology to support healthcare delivery would
greatly address the quality and accessibility challenges in healthcare as well as reduction in the cost of
healthcare delivery, the adoption of eHealth has not been fully realized. This study aimed at conducting a
systematic literature review to establish the factors associated with the adoption of eHealth and propose a
context-specific framework for successful adoption of eHealth technologies in developing countries such as
Uganda. The systematic literature review process was guided by the Systematic Review Protocol. The
review of 29 journals from the period 2009-2021 showed that, although the most widely used frameworks
in the developing countries were Technology Adoption Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and
Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework and Technology Organization Environment (TOE) framework,
there were other salient factors reported by other researchers that contributed to the adoption of eHealth
in developing countries. A novel framework for adoption of eHealth in the local context with eight (8)
dimensions namely; Socio-demographic, Technology, Information, Socio-cultural, Organization,
Governance, Ethical and legal and Financial dimensions is derived and presented as result of the
research.
Adoption of Integrated Healthcare Information System in Nairobi County: Kenya...Editor IJCATR
Health care information systems are aimed at facilitating the smooth running and interoperability of the health care
delivery processes to ensure efficiency and effectiveness; however, the complexity, heterogeneity and diversity of the health care
sector especially in Kenya poses serious challenges especially in relation to integration of the systems. There is a large disconnect
between the public and private health care delivery systems characterized by fragmentation of services, locally within hospitals
(among primary, secondary and tertiary health care settings) and across different health care centers. This research is aimed at
examining the adoption of integrated healthcare information system in Nairobi County; Kenyatta National Hospital represents the
public sector and The Mater Hospital the private sector. A sample size of 100 users on information system from the two hospitals
picked from the primary secondary and tertiary levels were selected and questionnaires administered to them. Data was analyzed
through descriptive statistics with the aid of SPSS. The results of the study indicated that there was a huge disparity between
healthcare information system adoption in the public and private sectors with the private sector’s adoption being at an advanced
stage. The major barriers to adoption including social political barriers, financial constraints and technical/technological barriers
also presented.
Mapping the Metrics of Radiology Technology Diffusion: A Case for SwazilandDr. Amarjeet Singh
In recent years Swaziland’s medical field has been
graced by computerised data collecting systems and the
installation of computer work stations in most health care
facilities. This was in response to the invention of new and
improved imaging technologies in high income countries.
Establishing the impact of this development requires
investigation of predictor variables such as perceived ease
of use, perceived usefulness and the technology diffusion
pattern as it varies from one country to another. In this
complex landscape, the objective of this study was to
establish how these predictor variables modelled
technology diffusion in Swaziland. Data collection involved
both passive and active data sources using questionnaires,
interviews and observations in a complemental manner. An
83% response rate was obtained from the study. The
results revealed that technology diffusion in Swaziland was
currently at its peak modelled mainly by the perceived ease
of use and the perceived usefulness of the new technologies.
The peak of the diffusion of technology was in the second
decade of the 21st century with the most advanced
technologies being in the private sector. A more extensive
study to cover imaging centres excluded from this study is
recommended. An investigation into technology diffusion
extending to interventional radiology practices, role
extension for radiographers and funding models may
support improved technology diffusion mechanisms.
Modern Era of Medical Field : E-HealthFull Text ijbbjournal
E-Health is alluded to as utilizing of information and communication technologies (ICT) in restorative field
to control treatment of patients, research, and wellbeing training and checking of general wellbeing. The
reason for this paper is thusly to investigate an institutionalized system for E-Health challenges confronted
by e-wellbeing A rundown of both e-wellbeing difficulties are given and a proposed structure is likewise
accommodated E-Health and could give direction in the execution of e-wellbeing To understand the
motivation behind the paper, an inductive substance examination procedure was taken after. The
fundamental outcomes were that in spite of the fact that the difficulties exceeds the advantages in the gave
records, there is still trust that through appropriate ICT arrangements the advantages of e-wellbeing can
develop all the more quickly. This can prompt to enhanced e-wellbeing administration conveyance and
nationals in nations can all profit by this
Barriers to the Use of Information and Communication Technologies ICTS in the...ijtsrd
Vulnerable populations affected by mental disorders living in communities of the Northwest and Southwest Regions of Cameroon suffer from near absent or inadequate mental health services. Understanding the barriers in the use of information and communication technologies ICTs is crucial for mental health professionals living and working in these communities as it offers them opportunities to explore options as they continue to provide much needed community based mental health services to clients in these communities. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers to the use of ICTs in the provision of community based mental health services in the Northwest and Southwest Regions of Camroon. More specifically, the study sought to ascertain the extent to which barriers in the use of the telephone, computers and the internet affected the provision of community based mental health services. The study employed a case study research design using qualitative techniques. Interviews and observations were used to obtain data from a sample of 25 mental health practitioners working at office and field locations in the Northwest and Southwest Regions of the country. Data was analyzed using content analysis with the support of ATLAS.ti software version 8.0. Based on the findings, recommendations were made to mental health professionals and community service providers who were advised to increase their ICT competency and proficiency in order to emerge as better professionals in today’s globalized, industrialized and highly competitive job market in order to continue to provide comprehensive and sustainable community based mental health services to vulnerable populations affected by mental disorders in the Northwest and Southwest communities of Cameroon and beyond. Suggestions for further studies were also made. Azinwi Terence Niba "Barriers to the Use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTS) in the Provision of Community- Based Mental Health Services: Case of the Northwest and Southwest Regions of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50671.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/education/50671/barriers-to-the-use-of-information-and-communication-technologies-icts-in-the-provision-of-community-based-mental-health-services-case-of-the-northwest-and-southwest-regions-of-cameroon/azinwi-terence-niba
This study aimed at identifying the issue, challenges and opportunities from the health consumers in
Tanzania towards interoperability of electronic health records. Reaching that level of seamless data
sharing among Hospitals needs the cooperation of all stakeholders especially the health consumer whose
data are the ones to be shared. Without their acceptance that means there is nothing to share. Recognizing
that we conducted a study in Tanzania to identify the challenges, issues and opportunities towards health
information exchange through interoperable EHRs. The study was conducted in three major cities of
Tanzania to identify the security, privacy and confidentiality issues of information sharing together with
related challenges to data sharing. This was in order to come up with a clear picture of how to implement
some EHRs that will be trusted by health consumers. The participants (n=240) were surveyed on computer
usage, EHRs knowledge, demographics, security and privacy issues. A total of 200 surveys were completed
and returned (83.3% response rate). Among them 67.5% were women, 62.6% had not heard of EHRs, 73%
were highly concerned about the privacy and security of their information. 75% believed that introduction
of various security mechanisms will make EHRs more secure and thus better. We conducted a number of
chi-square tests (p<0.05) and we realized that there was a strong relationship among the variable of age,
computer use, EHRs knowledge and the concerns for privacy and security.The study also showed that there
was just a small difference of 8.5% between those people who think EHRs are safer than paper records and
those who think otherwise. The general observation of the study was that in order to make EHRs successful
in our Hospitals then the issue of security, and health consumer involvement were they two key towards the
road of successful EHRs in our hospitals practices and that will make consumers more willing to allow
their records to be shared among different health organizations. So besides the issues identified, this study
helped us to identify the key requirements which will be implemented in our proposed framework.
Telemedicine in the Current New Normal: Opportunities and BarriersDr. Mustafa Değerli
Değerli, M. and Özkan-Yıldırım, S. (2021). Telemedicine in the Current New Normal: Opportunities and Barriers. Enhanced Telemedicine and e-Health: Advanced IoT Enabled Soft Computing Framework – Springer. 10.1007/978-3-030-70111-6_2 - https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-70111-6_2
Making Health Care Universally Accessible Ruchi Dass
The emergence of telemedicine as a core necessity. Can a case of the flu be diagnosed over
Skype? Is it possible to learn the results
of your computed tomography
scan after midnight? Can a young mother
receive care where a trained pediatrician
can’t visit? The answer to all of these questions
is yes. With the latest revolution in
information technology and the availability
of advanced computer systems worldwide,
telemedicine has made all of this possible.
Towards EHR Interoperability in Tanzania Hospitals : Issues, Challenges and O...IJCSEA Journal
This study aimed at identifying the issue, challenges and opportunities from the health consumers in Tanzania towards interoperability of electronic health records. Reaching that level of seamless data sharing among Hospitals needs the cooperation of all stakeholders especially the health consumer whose data are the ones to be shared. Without their acceptance that means there is nothing to share. Recognizing that we conducted a study in Tanzania to identify the challenges, issues and opportunities towards health information exchange through interoperable EHRs. The study was conducted in three major cities of Tanzania to identify the security, privacy and confidentiality issues of information sharing together with related challenges to data sharing. This was in order to come up with a clear picture of how to implement some EHRs that will be trusted by health consumers. The participants (n=240) were surveyed on computer usage, EHRs knowledge, demographics, security and privacy issues. A total of 200 surveys were completed and returned (83.3% response rate). Among them 67.5% were women, 62.6% had not heard of EHRs, 73% were highly concerned about the privacy and security of their information. 75% believed that introduction of various security mechanisms will make EHRs more secure and thus better. We conducted a number of chi-square tests (p<0.05) and we realized that there was a strong relationship among the variable of age, computer use, EHRs knowledge and the concerns for privacy and security. The study also showed that there was just a small difference of 8.5% between those people who think EHRs are safer than paper records and those who think otherwise. The general observation of the study was that in order to make EHRs successful in our Hospitals then the issue of security, and health consumer involvement were they two key towards the road of successful EHRs in our hospitals practices and that will make consumers more willing to allow their records to be shared among different health organizations. So besides the issues identified, this study helped us to identify the key requirements which will be implemented in our proposed framework
Telephones and the Provision of Community Based Mental Health Services in the...ijtsrd
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of telephones on the provision of community based mental health services in the Northwest and Southwest Regions of Cameroon. The target population of the study consisted of 405 mental health professionals working in the Northwest and Southwest Regions of the country. The study employed the sequential explanatory mixed methods research design. Quantitative data was collected through a questionnaire while a semi structured interview guide and an observational checklist were used to collect qualitative data from a sample of 300 mental health professionals. Questionnaires were completed by 275 participants while 15 participants were interviewed and 10 others were observed in the two Regions. The purposive and convenience sampling techniques were used to select the sample. Data were analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS version 26.0 for Windows. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze quantitative data while qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis with the support of ATLAS.ti software version 8.0. The findings revealed that telephones r=.741, df=273, p=0.001, far 0.05 , have a positive correlation with the provision of community based mental health services. However, it was observed that inadequate airtime credit for phone calls and messages, poor electricity supply, mental health professionals’ lack of training on telephone use in mental healthcare, and the lack of motivation by mental health practitioners to use telephones for service delivery are limiting factors to telephone use in the provision of community based mental health services. Based on the findings, recommendations were made to mental healthcare trainers, mental health professionals, vulnerable persons affected by mental disorders, the government and other researchers in Cameroon on measures to enhance telephone use and integration in mental healthcare research and practice. Azinwi Terence Niba | Nsagha Sarah Mboshi | Sigala Maxwell Fokum "Telephones and the Provision of Community-Based Mental Health Services in the Northwest and Southwest Regions of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd55110.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/55110/telephones-and-the-provision-of-communitybased-mental-health-services-in-the-northwest-and-southwest-regions-of-cameroon/azinwi-terence-niba
Information Communication Technology in E-Health System, this is useful for healthcare and medical system.E-health means providing citizens with access to quality health information & to view their own health records line, even when travelling in Europe.
Technology on clinical service delivery among caregivers and patients in makurdi metropolis
1. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
ISSN (Paper)2224-5766 ISSN (Online)2225-0484 (Online)
Vol.4, No.17, 2014
Perceived Influence of Information and Communication
Technology on Clinical Service Delivery among Caregivers and
Patients in Makurdi Metropolis
Awopetu, Ronke Grace1* Anhange Samuel T1. Ocheibi, V.A2
1.Department of Psychology, Benue State University, Makurdi
2.Department of Curriculum and Teaching, Benue State University, Makurdi
E-mail of the corresponding author: graceawopetu@bsum.edu.ng; awopeturonke@gmail.com
Abstract
This study investigated the perceived influence of information and communication technology on clinical service
delivery among caregivers and patients in Makurdi metropolis. The study employed a survey method where two
hundred and thirty two (232) participants consisting of 144(62.2%) males and 88 (37.9%) females with ages
ranging from 16-58 years participated in the study. A questionnaire consisting of two sections was used to
collect data from the participants. Findings from the hypotheses indicated that, there was a negative correlation
between ICT usage in clinical service delivery and disease diagnosis in Makurdi metropolis r (230df) =-.001,
P >.05 one-tailed. There was a negative correlation between ICT usage in clinical service delivery and disease
prognosis in Makurdi metropolis r (229df) = -.023, P > .05 one tailed. There was a negative correlation between
ICT usage in clinical service delivery in reducing the severity of errors in disease diagnosis and prognosis in
Makurdi metropolis r (229 df) = .042, P> .05 one-tailed. There was a negative correlation between ICT usage in
clinical service delivery in improving the quality and speed of clinical service delivery in Makurdi metropolis r
(229 df) = -.030, P> .05 one-tailed. These findings were discussed within the framework of ICT in Nigeria
bearing in mind its influence on the general population. The study recommended that government and private
practitioners should train their staff on ICT usage and not to lay them off. The study also recommended that
more researches should be conducted in the study area for further identification of the long term solution of
problems of ICT usage using larger sample sizes. On policy basis, it was therefore recommended that
government should support the development of ICT in Nigerian hospitals with a separate remit and budget from
the health ministry.
Keywords: Information and communication technology, clinical service delivery, caregiver, patients, Makurdi
metropolis.
1. Introduction
The impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on clinical service delivery among caregivers
and patients has been of interest in recent years. Part of the reason for this renewed interest is that information
and communication technology has now been recognized as the most rapidly growing segment of the world’s
economy (Idowu, Conford & Bastin, 2008). The development in this sector permeates every human activity viz;
social, economic, cultural, religious, political and healthcare.
Feliciani (2003), observed that the huge networking possibilities afforded by ICT has significantly
transformed the health care systems in the world dispersing healthcare information with comparative ease,
bringing patients closer to caregivers, making access to the best health care technology and expertise available to
the remotest parts of the world. Information and Communication Technology is a tool for gathering, storing,
retrieving, processing, analyzing and disseminating information electronically.
According to Remlex (2007), information and communication technology has helped in poverty
reduction by driving down healthcare costs. ICT has been employed as a tool for advocacy, awareness-building
and education for preventing the transmission of infectious diseases as well as facilitating support groups, and
counseling. ICT starts with the traditional cable telephones, radio and television to the advanced ones like
computers and laptops, digital and camera phones, e-mail and websites, handheld devices, DVD and Mp3
players, video conferences, ipads, and so on. O’carrol, Yasnoff, Ward, Ripp and Martin (2007) have indicated
that ICT has improved the delivery and effectiveness of health care services through help in disease management,
improved patient safety and decision support for practitioners.
The production of quality health care delivery in a country is guided by the level of the ICT
infrastructure therefore is a condition for enhancing the well-being of a country. Gates (1999) reported that intra-and
inter-organizational networks in some advanced countries function like a digital neural system of the
organization. Thus, he said, communication for health purposes has shifted from the largely manual documentary
method to digital communication. According to him, while examining a patient, a medical doctor might be able
to send an electronic X-ray of a patient to a leading expert in another country who could readily interpret and
prove more details of the disease or condition, as well as send feedback to the medical doctor all within a few
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Vol.4, No.17, 2014
70
minutes.
Eysenbach and Wyatt (2002) stated that medical caregivers in their research and application processes
can use the internet to identify research issues, search literature databases, seek out information on surveys and
clinical trials, and publish research results. On their part, Idowu, Ogunbodede and Idowu (2003) reported that
while ICT capabilities were available in Nigerian teaching hospitals, mobile phones were spreading fastest.
Adeyemi and Ayegboyin (2004) in a survey involving four general hospitals, ten primary healthcare
centres and six private hospitals in Nigeria reported that none of the institutions have e-mail access or a website,
only 5% of the workers possessed personal computers, only 7% of the health care workers were computer
literate, 20% had any measurable computer skills, and just 65% had access to a mobile phone, but not necessarily
their own. This was inspite of the fact that Lagos State has the largest concentration of internet service providers,
telecom operators, and cyber cafes, intended to create a reasonable platform for ICT use.
Similarly, Braa, Macome, Mavimbe and Jose (2001) surveyed on actual and potential usage of ICT at
the district and provincial levels in Mozambique with a focus on the health sector. The National health
information system of Mozambique was said to be among the very first computer applications in the provinces.
The study further indicated that while it was still rare to use application software developed in order to address
particular needs, the health sector was a fore-runner with such an innovation.
Another study by Academy for Educational Development Satellite (2009) to determine the extent of
use health net by health workers revealed that health net was used by 1,950 health care workers in more than 150
countries worldwide, and that the development impact of health net had been most prevalent in Africa, where the
model has contributed to increased rural and urban connectivity, capacity building, increase demand for ICT
services, and in some cases, commercially viable ICT service enterprise. The study concluded that many
physicians in developing countries relied on health net as their sole source of information in the treatment of
AIDS and tropical disease, essential drugs, pediatrics, and public health promotion.
Taylor and Lee’s (2005) study on occupational therapists’ use of ICT in Western Australia revealed
that e-mail and the personal computer were the most, frequently used ICT-enabled services. Furthermore,
regarding competency level as good or better, competence was rated lower for web searching (48:5%) and
searching for electronic articles (29.8%). Approximately, one third of respondents were dissatisfied with the
level of technical support available to them, and only 38.4%, the therapists had participated in basic computer
training provided by their current employer. Rural therapists had less access to a computer in their work
environment in comparison to their metropolitan pears but proportionately used e-mail, teleconferencing, and
video conferencing more frequently than their metropolitan counterparts.
The use of ICT in health sector reduces the cost of running hospitals (Remlex, 2007). ICT introduces potential of
sharing of patients files easily without any threat to patients’ privacy. It is used for hospital management such as
admission and appointment management. ICT assists the patients to locate the health facility and personnel,
gives 24 hour access to health information and through encryption and password protection can help to keep
patients’ data confidential. Against this background, the study aims at investigating the influence of information
and communication technology on clinical service delivery among caregivers and patients in Makurdi metropolis.
2. Method
2.1. Design
The study employed a cross-sectional survey design to investigate the influence of Information and
Communication Technology on clinical service delivery among caregivers and patients in Makurdi metropolis.
2.2. Participants
The participants were two hundred and thirty two (232) respondents drawn from medical personnel, medical
students, government workers, military and paramilitary personnel, schools and religious institutions consisting
of 144 (62.1%) males and 88 (37.9%) females. Their ages ranged from 16 to 58 years. As for their religion, 211
(90.9%) were Christians, while 21 (9.1%) Muslims. In terms of the respondents’ ICT awareness level, 102 (44%)
had high, 116 (50%) average and 13 (5.6%) had low.
2.3. Measures/Instruments
The instrument for the study was a 45-item questionnaire designed in accordance with Likert (1932) guidelines
for attitude measurement. A pilot study was carried out to establish the reliability and validity level of the
questionnaire. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was arrived at .86 Cronbach’s alpha. The
questionnaire was divided into two sections. Section ‘A’ was demographic information, while section ‘B’ was
meant to gather opinions on how the respondents feel ICT can play a significant role in disease diagnostics,
prognosis, reducing the severity of medical errors as well as improving the quality and speed of medical service
delivery. In scoring the instrument, positive items were scored in descending order that is strongly agreed 4;
agreed 3; disagreed 2; and strongly disagreed 1; while negative items were scored in ascending order that is
strongly agreed 1; agreed 2; disagreed 3; and strongly disagreed 4. Both positive and negative questions were
spread together to ensure effective responses from participants.
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2.4. Procedure
A copy of questionnaire was given to each of the respondents in their offices, schools and points of duty.
Compliance with the code of ethics of the military, paramilitary, civil servants, schools and religious institutions
as well as confidentiality of the participants’ responses and strict adherence to individual privacy were assured.
All the participants who were available within the duration of data collection and willing to participate were
administered the questionnaire. All completed questionnaires were collected on the spot while those not
completed were collected on a later date. A total of 250 questionnaires were administered but only 232 were
returned.
3. Results
The first hypothesis predicted that ICT usage will have a significant influence in disease diagnosis in Makurdi
metropolis.
Table 1: Summary of correlation scores showing the influence of ICT usage on disease diagnosis.
Variables N r df P Remark
ICT awareness level
232 -.001 230 .982 N.S
Disease diagnosis
Table one above shows that the hypothesis was rejected r (230 df) = -.001, p > .0.5, one-tailed. This hypothesis
implied that there is a negative correlation between ICT usage in clinical service delivery and disease diagnosis
in Makurdi metropolis. By this, we can conclude that ICT is rarely used in any disease diagnosis in Makurdi
metropolis.
Hypothesis two stated that ICT usage will have a significant influence in disease prognosis in Makurdi
metropolis.
Table 2: Summary of correlation scores showing how ICT usage will have a significant influence in disease
prognosis.
Variable N r df p Remark
ICT awareness level
231 -.023 229 .735 N.S
Disease prognosis
The result from table two above indicated that the hypothesis was rejected r (229 df) = -.023, P >.05 one-tailed.
This implied that there is a negative correlation between ICT usage in clinical service delivery and disease
prognosis in Makurdi metropolis. By this we can conclude that ICT is hardly employed in any disease prognosis
in Makurdi metropolis.
Hypothesis three stated that ICT usage will have a significant influence in reducing the severity of medical errors
in disease diagnosis and prognosis in Makurdi metropolis.
Table 3: Summary of correlation scores showing the influence of ICT usage in reducing the severity of
medical errors in disease diagnosis and prognosis in Makurdi metropolis
Variable N r df p Remark
ICT awareness level
Medical error
71
231 .042 229 .534 N.S
Table three above shows that the result of the hypothesis was rejected r (229 df) = .042, P > .05 one –tailed. This
implied that there is a negative correlation between ICT usage in clinical service delivery in reducing the severity
of errors in disease diagnosis and prognosis in Makurdi metropolis. By this, we can conclude that ICT did not
play much role in reducing the severity of medical errors in disease diagnosis and prognosis in Makurdi
metropolis.
Hypothesis four stated that there will be a significant influence of ICT usage in improving the quality and speed
of clinical service delivery.
Table 4: Summary of correlation scores showing the influence of ICT usage in improving the quality and
speed of clinical service delivery.
Variable N r df P Remark
ICT awareness level
231 -.031 229 .648 N.S
Improved quality and speed in medical service delivery
The result from table four above indicated that the hypothesis was rejected r (229 df ) = -.030, P > .05 one-tailed.
This implied that there is a negative correlation between ICT usage in clinical service delivery in improving the
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Vol.4, No.17, 2014
quality and speed of clinical service delivery in Makurdi metropolis. By this, we can therefore conclude that ICT
is not used in improving the quality and speed of clinical service delivery in Makurdi metropolis.
4. Discussion
The first hypothesis which stated that ICT usage will have a significant influence in disease diagnosis in Makurdi
metropolis was statistically insignificant. This finding negates the hypothesis because most hospitals in Makurdi
metropolis hardly employ ICT in any of its clinical practices. This is not the case in America where for example,
while examining a patient, a medical doctor might be able to send an electronic X-ray of a patient to a leading
expert in another country who readily interpret and provide more details of the disease or condition, as well as
send feedback to the medical doctor all within a few minutes. The findings in Makurdi metropolis also goes
contrary to the Indian Health care project in Rajasthan and neighboring Asia whom in order to improve the
quality of their treatment, the village doctors in mountainous areas of Yunnan, China, use mobile telephones to
provincial capital hospitals several miles away (Gates,1999).
The second hypothesis tested was that ICT usage will have a significant influence in diseases
prognosis in Makurdi metropolis. Again, this hypothesis proved to be insignificant. This finding implied that
ICT has little or no use in disease prognosis in Makurdi metropolis. This finding is opposite to what is obtainable
in developed countries like America, Europe, Asia and even South Africa, where ICT is engaged in detecting the
early onset and causes of life threatening diseases like cancer, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, malaria amongst others.
This finding also negates those of O’carrol, Yasnoff, Ward, Ripp and Martin (2007) who reported that ICT has
improved the delivery and effectiveness of health care services through help in disease management, improved
patient safety and decision supports for practitioners.
The third hypothesis stated that ICT usage will have a significant influence in reducing the severity of
errors in disease diagnosis and prognosis in Makurdi metropolis: Again, this hypothesis was statistically
insignificant. This finding goes contrary to that of Eysenbach and Wyatt (2002) who reported that medical
caregivers in their research and application processes can use the internet to identify research issues, search
literature databases, seek out information on surveys and clinical trials and publish research results. This finding
showed that a lot of errors and mistakes in diagnosis, prognosis, prescription, referrals, surgery amongst others,
could be avoided if ICT tools were developed into medical services within Makurdi metropolis. Errors in disease
diagnosis and prognosis have resulted to loss of lives. It has also resulted to non-compliance or adherence to
treatment regimes since patients go through great ordeals when they are placed on a wrong treatment plan or
poorly thought out surgery, chemotherapy radiotherapy or immunization.
Hypothesis four stated that there will be a significant influence of ICT usage in improving the quality
and speed of clinical service delivery in Makurdi metropolis. This hypothesis was again rejected. This finding of
course does not indicate any paradigm shift from the other hypotheses and by implication, does not present ICT
as a veritable tool in the hands of clinicians useful in improving the quality and speed of clinical services
delivery in Makurdi metropolis and Nigeria at large. ICT enables the fast and remote doctor-doctor and doctor-patient
consultation as well as real time instructions and treatment through telemedicine. In addition, it enables
electronic publishing of novel techniques in medicine, access to catalogues in medical databases, and
development of expert system that can help with diagnosis and treatment, as well as increased and free access to
health and medical information for patients (Idowu, Cronford & Bastin, 2008).
5. Implications towards the Society
These findings are instrumental to the society in several respects. In the first instance, there are several obstacles
to the use and successful implementations of ICT in clinical service delivery in Makurdi metropolis and Nigeria
at large. These problems stem from three factors namely; the masses, government and ICT infrastructures.
ICT has benefited the health sector both in developed and developing nations, the benefits affects the hospital
stake holders which include hospital management, health personnel and patients.
The use of ICT in the health sector (Remlex, 2007), for example, the NHS in UK has its own name
known as NHS net which has benefited all parts of NHS. Apart from data networking and internet, the NHS
spends millions of pounds each year on telephone services across England to aid patient transport services and
emergency ambulance because the two areas help the NHS to deliver good health care facilities. This is a far cry
from what is obtainable in Nigeria since apart from University College Hospital Ibadan and Abuja National
Hospital, no Teaching Hospitals or Medical Centers have Websites (Idowu, Cronford & Bastin, 2008).
In this regard, the Nigerian government should support the usage of ICT in health care delivery system
by establishing an agency that will see to the development of ICT in a separate remit and budget from the health
ministry. This should aim to ease delivery of health care by allowing staff and patients’ records to be kept in a
database and accessed online.
Furthermore, Nigerian government should encourage research institutes to become actively involved in
software development and identification of best practice from other countries, particularly extensive open source
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applications that could be developed in clinical service practice.
Finally, in order to use ICT in Nigerian hospitals, government and private practitioners should train
hospital staff on how to use ICT and not lay them off and employ those with ICT skills.
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