This document provides an overview of DragoniteTM halloysite clay and its applications as a mechanical, processing, flame retardant and controlled-release additive for polymers. Key points include:
- DragoniteTM is a naturally occurring aluminosilicate clay with hollow tubular morphology that provides benefits to polymers.
- It can improve mechanical properties, reduce cycle times, provide flame retardancy and enable controlled release of actives from polymers.
- Data is presented showing improvements in properties for HDPE, PP, PET and other polymers with DragoniteTM additions.
- The document discusses developing DragoniteTM into concentrated masterbatches and various product forms to commercialize its use in polymers.
Learn how TOPAS COC can improve aroma barrier and product purity. TOPAS resin also delivers many other benefits - moisture protection, easy forming, high shrink, easy opening, superb twist, and more.
The classic way to increase rate in LLDPE blown films is to add 10-25% LDPE. It works, but it compromises toughness. Now there is a new option. Blend less than 5% of TOPAS COC to achieve high rates and bubble stability, with very little impact on properties.
Learn how TOPAS COC can improve aroma barrier and product purity. TOPAS resin also delivers many other benefits - moisture protection, easy forming, high shrink, easy opening, superb twist, and more.
The classic way to increase rate in LLDPE blown films is to add 10-25% LDPE. It works, but it compromises toughness. Now there is a new option. Blend less than 5% of TOPAS COC to achieve high rates and bubble stability, with very little impact on properties.
The chemical resistance and barrier of TOPAS COC make it an excellent replacement for Barex in many packaging applications, including nicotine patch sealants and more. See our data.
1% of reading value effectively ensures the accuracy of test results7 independent test modes are available, including tensile strength, peeling force, tearing force, heat seal strength and other force properties of flexible packagesDifferent ranges of load cells and 7 distinct test speeds to meet different test requirements
1% of reading value effectively ensures the accuracy of test results
7 independent test modes are available, including tensile strength, peeling force, tearing force, heat seal strength and other force properties of flexible packages
Different ranges of load cells and 7 distinct test speeds to meet different test requirements
The instrument is controlled by micro-computer with menu interface, PVC operation panel and large LCD display
1% of reading value effectively ensures the accuracy of test results
2 independent test modes are available, including tensile strength and peeling force to meet the distinct requirements of users
3 kinds of testing data provided for each test i.e. Maximum Value, Minimum Value and Average Value. Group data analysis is also available.
XLW (PC) Auto Tensile Tester is professionally applicable to the determination of force properties of various flexible packaging materials, with high precision (better than 0.5% of reading accuracy) and multiple test ranges. The instrument is designed with 7independent test modes and could perform tests at seven different test speeds to meet various test conditions. Intelligent software facilitates to operate the instrument and provides data analysis and comparison functions.
XLW (EC) Auto Tensile Tester can be used to measure tensile, peeling, deformation, tearing, heat sealing, adhesive, puncture force, opening force and low speed unwrapping force as well as other performance of plastic films, composite materials, soft package materials, plastic flexible tube, adhesives, adhesive tape, label stickers, medical plasters, release paper, protection films, combined caps, aluminum foil, diaphragm, back sheets, non-woven fabrics, rubber, and paper, and etc.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Geomembrane Merupakan pelapis kedap air yang terbuat dari material HDPE (High Density Polyethylene). Material ini memiliki sifat yang baik terhadap sinar ultraviolet (UV),senyawa alkali, tingkat keasaman tinggi, dan mikro organisme.
https://www.petrane.co.id/geomembrane
The chemical resistance and barrier of TOPAS COC make it an excellent replacement for Barex in many packaging applications, including nicotine patch sealants and more. See our data.
1% of reading value effectively ensures the accuracy of test results7 independent test modes are available, including tensile strength, peeling force, tearing force, heat seal strength and other force properties of flexible packagesDifferent ranges of load cells and 7 distinct test speeds to meet different test requirements
1% of reading value effectively ensures the accuracy of test results
7 independent test modes are available, including tensile strength, peeling force, tearing force, heat seal strength and other force properties of flexible packages
Different ranges of load cells and 7 distinct test speeds to meet different test requirements
The instrument is controlled by micro-computer with menu interface, PVC operation panel and large LCD display
1% of reading value effectively ensures the accuracy of test results
2 independent test modes are available, including tensile strength and peeling force to meet the distinct requirements of users
3 kinds of testing data provided for each test i.e. Maximum Value, Minimum Value and Average Value. Group data analysis is also available.
XLW (PC) Auto Tensile Tester is professionally applicable to the determination of force properties of various flexible packaging materials, with high precision (better than 0.5% of reading accuracy) and multiple test ranges. The instrument is designed with 7independent test modes and could perform tests at seven different test speeds to meet various test conditions. Intelligent software facilitates to operate the instrument and provides data analysis and comparison functions.
XLW (EC) Auto Tensile Tester can be used to measure tensile, peeling, deformation, tearing, heat sealing, adhesive, puncture force, opening force and low speed unwrapping force as well as other performance of plastic films, composite materials, soft package materials, plastic flexible tube, adhesives, adhesive tape, label stickers, medical plasters, release paper, protection films, combined caps, aluminum foil, diaphragm, back sheets, non-woven fabrics, rubber, and paper, and etc.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Geomembrane Merupakan pelapis kedap air yang terbuat dari material HDPE (High Density Polyethylene). Material ini memiliki sifat yang baik terhadap sinar ultraviolet (UV),senyawa alkali, tingkat keasaman tinggi, dan mikro organisme.
https://www.petrane.co.id/geomembrane
Nano Technology & Nano Materials
by Ray Fernando, PHD
California Polytechnic State University
Polymers and Coatings Program
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
San Luis Obispo, CA
www.polymerscoatings.calpoly.edu
Delivered 22 June 2009 @ SLINTEC
Practical Methods to Manufacture Sustainable Plastics Products I. Partial Foa...Ata Zad, Ph.D.
Sustainability is a crucial word to follow for plastics industry.
A very general, yet precise, explanation of Sustainability would be producing a product with using the least amount of resources.
Partial foaming is one of the ways to achieve this objective in plastics industry.
Read the article to see the benefits for yourself.
Applied Minerals Dragonite(TM) Halloysite nanotubes as nanoreactors in indust...Andre Zeitoun
Halloysite tubule nanoreactors in industrial and agricultural applications
1. Introduction
Halloysite is a two-layered aluminosilicate which has a predominantly hollow tubular structure in the submicron range and is chemically similar to kaolinite [1]. It is mined commercially from natural deposits in USA, New Zealand, China, Turkey, and Malaysia [2]. Dragon mine in Utah has exceptionally pure halloysite with nanotubes exceeding 99 %[3]. These minerals are formed from kaolinite over millions of years due to the hydrothermal processes [4]. Layers are rolled into tubes due to the strain caused by lattice mismatch between adjacent silicone dioxide and aluminum oxide sheets [1-3].
Halloysite was discovered in 18th century and named in honor of Omalius d’Halloy who analyzed the mineral [5]. In early years it was very difficult to distinguish halloysite from other minerals, particularly from kaolinite. However, X-ray analysis has shown that it has unique crystalline structure [6]. Halloysite has been extensively utilized as a raw material for ceramics industry, especially for the manufacture of porcelain, and bone china [1,7]. Having nanotubular structure, halloysite particles can potentially be applied in several fields of nanotechnology. These multilayer tubes are commonly used for plastic composites, in controlled release applications [8-15], and may be coated with metal by electroless plating to make conductive fillers [16]. Due to their porous structure and high catalytic activity, halloysite particles can be used in remediation of acid mine drainage, petroleum conversion in refining industries, as well as in the separation of liquids and gaseous mixtures. This paper summarizes the structure, physicochemical properties and major application areas of halloysite nanotubes.
Medical and health applications of Applied Minerals Dragonite(TM) Halloysite ...Andre Zeitoun
Medical and health applications of halloysite nanotubes
1. Introduction
Nanoscale formulations allowed for significant progress in medicine. Design of functional smart nanocontainers for loading and controlled release of drugs and targeted delivery are in development [1]. Typically biomimetic materials like polymers, lipids, polysaccharides and proteins are used to create drug delivery systems. Inorganic tubular nanomaterials were also extensively studied for drug delivery, bone implants and tissue scaffolds, etc [2-4]. One such tubular nanomaterial is naturally available halloysite clay. Halloysite is a biocompatible material, which makes it prospective for medical applications and household products [5,6]. Halloysite mixed with selectin protein was used for capturing leukemic and epithelial cancer cells [7]. The immobilization of enzymes within halloysite lumen may generate new functional materials exploiting nanoconfined reactions inside the pores. Bio-catalytic synthesis of vaterate within nanotube lumens has been demonstrated [8]. All these features combined with the availability of halloysite from natural sources, biocompatibility and simplicity in processing makes it prospective material for medical applications.
1. May 18th, 2011
DRAGONITE™
Halloysite Clay:
Mechanical, Processing, FR and
Controlled-Release Additive
Presented by: Dr. Chris DeArmitt – CTO
InnoPlast Solutions Event Chicago 2011
2. Safe Harbor Statement and SEC Cautionary Note
Information provided and statements contained in this presentation that are not purely historical are forward-looking
statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended Section 21E of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended and the Private Securities amended, Section 21E of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking
statements only speak as of the date of this presentation and the Company assumes no obligation to update the
information included in this presentation. Such forward-looking statements include information concerning our
possible or assumed future results of operations, including descriptions of our business strategy. These statements
often include words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” or similar expressions.
These statements are not guarantees of performance or results and they involve risks, uncertainties, and
assumptions. For a further description of these factors, see Item 1A, Risk Factors, included within our Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2010, which was filed on April 15, 2011. Although we believe that these forward-
looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, there are many factors that could affect our actual
financial results or results of operations and could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-
looking statements. All future written and oral forward-looking statements by us or persons acting on our behalf are
expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to above. Except for our
ongoing obligations to disclose material information as required by the federal securities laws, we do not have any
obligations or intention to release publicly any revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or
circumstances in the future or to reflect the occurrence forward looking statements to reflect events or
circumstances in the future or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors - The United States Securities and Exchange Commission permits U.S. mining
companies, in their filings with the SEC, to disclose only those mineral deposits that a company can economically
and legally extract or produce. We use certain terms on this website (or press release), such as “measured,”
“indicated,” and “inferred” “resources,” which the SEC guidelines strictly prohibit U.S. registered companies from
including in their filings with the SEC. U.S. Investors are urged to consider closely the disclosure in our Form 10-K
which may be secured from us, or from our website at http://www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml.
3. Agenda
Applied Minerals Inc.
Introduction to Halloysite
Properties in polymers (processing and mechanical)
Flame retardance
Sustained release of actives
Availability, safety and pricing
Conclusions
3
4. Applied Minerals at a Glance
US based publicly traded SEC reporting company. Ticker: AMNL
Owner and operator of the Dragon Mine Halloysite Clay Deposit in Utah USA
Only measured resource of high purity Halloysite: Product grades marketed
under the Dragonite™ trade name
New management takeover of predecessor company, Atlas Mining Co., in
January 2009 resulted in implementation of a new board of directors
World renowned technical experts in minerals, plastics and other materials
Completed a detailed qualitative and quantitative geologic evaluation of the
Dragon resulting in a measured resource
Focused on high value commercial applications for Halloysite clay
4
5. Technology Description - What is Halloysite?
100 nm
Halloysite is a natural aluminosilicate clay with a hollow tubular morphology
Naturally exfoliated morphology means no need to chemically separate
particles and makes for easy dispersion
Halloysite tubes typically have diameters smaller than 100 nanometers with
lengths ranging from about 200 nanometers to 2 microns
Traditional uses include fine china, fillers in paints and paper, food extenders,
catalysts and molecular sieves
5
8. Agenda
Applied Minerals Inc.
Introduction to Halloysite
Properties in polymers (processing and mechanical)
Flame retardance
Sustained release of actives
Availability, safety and pricing
Conclusions
8
9. Dragonite in Plastics
Nucleation/Cy
Mechanical Clear Flame
Plastic Type cle Time
Reinforcement Film Retardance
Reduction
PE ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
PP ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
EVA ✔ TBD ✔ ✔
PA6 ✔ TBD TBD ✔
PA12 ✔ ✔ TBD ✔
PVC ✔ TBD ✔ TBD
PLA ✔ TBD TBD TBD
Epoxy ✔ TBD TBD ✔
EPDM ✔ TBD TBD ✔
Suggested Dragonite™ Dragonite™ Dragonite™ Dragonite™
Grade XR or HP HP HP XR
9
10. Case Study #1
Dragonite HP™ in HDPE Temporary Flooring
Objective: Solution:
• To increase strength and stiffness of a • Reduced warpage & CTE by with as
1000lb compression molded part while little as 1% loading of Dragonite HP™
retaining the excellent impact resistance • Retained the impact resistance of the
of HDPE control
• Reduce warpage caused by thermal • Drop-in solution
expansion and contraction (CTE)
10
11. Case Study #2
Cycle Time Reduction for HDPE Part
PHASE 1: PHASE 2: Testing in Progress
Drop-in solution: Significant cycle time reduction Additional savings through thin-walling
Virgin HDPE + 1%
Better mechanicals enables thin-walling:
Savings
HDPE Dragonite HP
• 5-10% reduction in wall thickness
Cycle time per part (seconds) 107 80 25%
• 10% further reduction in cycle time
Parts per hour 34 45 32%
Cost per part ($) 8.07 7.53 7% • 5–10¢ per lb additional savings
Effective cost of HDPE ($/lb) 0.85 0.76 11%
• At 1 wt% Dragonite-HP loading, the customer achieved a 25%
reduction in cycle time resulting in significant manufacturing cost
reduction
• Results based on actual commercial process of the end user
• The customer was able to reduce the visibility of sink marks by over
60%
• A 20% increase in stiffness without negatively affecting impact
resistance of the final part
• Also validated in PP copolymer and homopolymer 11
12. Dragonite HP : DSC Results on HDPE
Study performed independently by Dr. Yash Khanna
Tcc Tcc
Material
3°Cmin-1 10°Cmin-1
HDPE Control 1 117.3 114.5
HDPE Control 2 117.3 113.9
115.2
114.9
Average 117.3 114.6
+ 1% Dragonite HP 119.6 116.2
+ 1% Dragonite HP 119.5 116.5
Average 119.55 116.35
12
13. Additive Grade
Dragonite HP™ Reinforcing/Nucleating Additive in HDPE
Dragonite HP Control 1% Loading % Increase
Actual Clay Amount (%) 0 1
HDPE 100 99
Total 100 100
Density (gcm-3) 0.947 0.954
Tensile Strength (psi) 3031 3300 9
Elongation to break (%) 101 107 6
Flexural Modulus (1%, kpsi) 110 134 22
Flexural Strength (psi) 3058 3612 18
Notched Izod Impact ft-lb/in 0.64 0.62 0
Unnotched Izod Impact ft-lb/in NB NB 0
13
15. Agenda
Applied Minerals Inc.
Introduction to Halloysite
Properties in polymers (processing and mechanical)
Flame retardance
Sustained release of actives
Availability, safety and pricing
Conclusions
15
16. Dragonite XR™ Functional Filler
Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Composites
Increase in both flex modulus as well as flex strength while retaining impact
Non masterbatch approach: compounded on twin screw extruder
No silane, impact modifier or coupling agent used
Measured densities indicative of tubes filled with polymer
16
18. Dragonite XR™ for Flame Retardancy
Residuals of burn bars from vertical burn test
Total 55-56% inorganic FR additives in PP 20
1. All MDH in PP 20 Burned the most with flaming drip V2 Rating
2. 1:1 MDH/ ATH Some drip
3. 2:1 MDH/ Dragonite XR Some drip
4. 1:1 MDH/ Dragonite XR No drip
5. 1:2 MDH/ Dragonite XR No drip
6. All Dragonite XR No drip V1 Rating 18
19. PET FR Development
Reinforcing, halogen free flame retardant
Good mechanicals in combination with glass fiber
High water release temperature >400°C means Dragonite is ideally
suited to polymers processed at high temperature
Char strength boosted with Dragonite™ plus glass fiber
Synergistic fluxing effect under investigation
30% + 5% GF 30% + 10% GF 30% + 15% GF
19
20. Agenda
Applied Minerals Inc.
Introduction to Halloysite
Properties in polymers (processing and mechanical)
Flame retardance
Sustained release of actives
Availability, safety and pricing
Conclusions
20
21. Case Study: Controlled Release in Clear Films
Dragonite HP™ in Protective Banana Bags
Cel-Span CO/WG 3000
Objective:
• Create a clear polymer barrier to repel
insects from bananas during the vulnerable
growth cycle
• Control-release a natural blend of essential
oils from the polymer barrier to replace
Dursban insecticide which was recently
regulated out due to safety concerns
Solution:
• LDPE bag is loaded with 5.0% Dragonite-
HP™ which has been impregnated with the
new all-natural insecticide
• LDPE bag retains its transparency
• Dragonite controls the release of oils from the
banana bag for four weeks during heavy
infestation 21
22. Loading the tubes: Quality Control
Commercializing the Technology on a Commercial Scale
Percentage
Property Density Weight % Oil Volume % Oil
loading*
Dragonite 2.73 0.00 0.00 0
Dragonite (20g) +
2.49 5.0 13.1 69
Cedar Oil (5g)
Dragonite (20g) +
2.40 7.2 18.2 96
Cedar Oil (15g)
Density of Cedar Oil 0.95 gcm-3 (Gerhartz 1988)
* Based on Halloysite having 19% Pore (lumen ) volume according to Mercury Porosimeter
Established QC proof of tube loading via Mercury Porosimetry and Helium
Pycnometer on the Dragonite pre & post vacuum pump loading procedure
22
23. Functional Filler & Additive
Dragonite XR™ & HP™
Dragonite™ product grades available in:
Original powder form as super sack or fiber drum
Low dust wax concentrate
Color concentrate / masterbatch pellets in PP, LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE and PA6
23