3D animation has evolved significantly from early 3D games in the 1980s to its current widespread use in films, TV, and games. Some key developments include the first 3D computer animation created in 1972 by Ed Catmull, Pixar's pioneering 1988 short film Tin Toy which was the first CGI film to win an Oscar, and the increasing use of 3D in films starting with Jurassic Park in 1993. Today, 3D animation is commonly used in films, TV, and games through techniques like rigging and motion capture, and it allows for both professional and individual animators to tell stories through interactive 3D worlds.

1. Applications of 3D
3D Games
3D Monster Maze was the first ever game released on a commercial games
machine that was in 3D. It was developed by Malcolm Evans in 1981 for the
Sinclair ZX81 platform. The game awarded points for each step the player took
without getting caught by the Tyrannosaurus Rex that hunted them in the 16
by 16 cell, randomly generated maze.
http://listverse.com/2010/05/11/15-firsts-in-video-game-history/
Move to 3D
The fifth generation is most noted for the rise of fully 3D games. While there
were games prior that had used dimensional environments, such as Virtua
Racing & Star Fox.

2. It was in this period that plenty of game designers began to move historically in
the past 2D and pseudo-3D genres in to full 3D. Tremendous Mario 64 on the
N64, Crash Bandicoot.
Currently Popular
The use of hyper-realistic 3D expertise within games is now seen as a standard
element, (barring the current interest in retro styling) bringing ever more
realistic worlds & narratives to life. Games have evolved in to interactive films,
for example,
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The ever-increasing download speeds capable through wireless and mobile
networks and the developments made in the field of motion/gesture control,
mean that 3D expertise will have a giant part to play in the ways in which
games are played and displayed.

3. 3D Animation
The First Ever 3D Animation
This historical video was recently re-discovered after being lost for lots of
years. It was produced in 1972 & is believed to be the world's first computer-
generated 3D animation.
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It was created by Ed Catmull, a true pioneer of 3D expertise, who was a
computer scientist at the University of Utah (birthplace of the famous Utah
teapot.) If the name sounds familiar, it is because a few years later he was of
the founders of Pixar.
Pixar's Tin Toy
Tin Toy is a 1988 American computer-animated short film produced by Pixar &
directed by John Lasseter. The short film, which runs minutes, stars Tinny, a tin
one-man-band toy, trying to escape from Billy, a destructive infant. The third
short film produced by the company's tiny animation division, it was a dicy
investment: due to low revenue produced by Pixar's main product, the
eponymous computer to manage animations, the company was under financial
constraints.
Lasseter pitched the idea for Tin Toy by storyboard to Pixar owner Steve Jobs,
who agreed to finance the short despite the company's struggles, which they
kept alive with annual investment. The film was officially a check of the
PhotoRealistic RenderMan application, & proved new challenges to the
animation team, namely the difficult task of realistically animating Billy. Tin Toy
would later gain attention from Disney, who sealed an agreement to generate
Toy Story, which was primarily inspired by elements from Tin Toy.

4. The short premiered in a partially done edit at the SIGGRAPH convention in
August 1988 to a standing ovation from scientists & engineers. Tin Toy went on
to claim Pixar's first Oscar with the 1988 Academy Award for Best Animated
Short Film, becoming the first CGI film to win an Oscar. With the award, Tin Toy
went far to establish computer animation as a legitimate artistic medium
outside SIGGRAPH & the animation-festival film circuit. Tin Toy was selected
for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of
Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" in 2003.
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Accessing the Expertise
Although traditional forms of animation like cell and stop-motion are still
popular (and often produced using computer expertise), the availability and
affordability of high-end 3D application has allowed individuals to access the
expertise and make creative animations that are of a professional quality. Tales
can be told using the freedom 3D space gives the animator. This has led to an
explosion of self-published animations and later networking. Freelancers can
create short animations for the kid's TV market and marketing, competing on
an equal footing with larger production companies.
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5. Techniques
3D Animation is carried out by key-framing the camera, lights & objects within
a scene. Character movement is created by using rigging or motion capture
techniques.
Rigging
Skeletal animation is a technique in computer animation in which a character is
represented in two parts: a surface representation used to draw the character
(called skin or mesh) and a hierarchical set of interconnected bones (called the
skeleton or rig) used to animate (pose and key frame) the mesh. While this
technique is often used to animate humans or more generally for organic
modelling, it only serves to make the animation process more intuitive and the
same technique can be used to control the deformation of any object — a
spoon, a building, or a galaxy.
This technique is used in virtually all animation systems where simplified user
interfaces allows animators to control often complex algorithms and a huge
amount of geometry; most notably through inverse kinematics and other
"goal-oriented" techniques. In principle, however, the intention of the
technique is never to imitate real anatomy or physical processes, but only to
control the deformation of the mesh data.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_animation
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Motion Capture
Motion capture is the process of recording the movement of objects or people.
It is used in military, entertainment, sports, and medical applications, and for
validation of computer vision and robotics. In film making and video game
development, it refers to recording actions of human actors, and using that
information to animate digital character models in 2D or 3D computer
animation. When it includes face and fingers or captures subtle expressions, it

6. is often referred to as performance capture. In many fields, motion capture is
sometimes called motion tracking, but in film making and games, motion
tracking more usually refers to match moving.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_capture
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3D in TV and Film
First 3D Animation in a movie
As shown previous, observe the rotating palm and face made of polygons. It's
the world's first 3D animation rendered in 1972 by Ed Catmull and Fred Parke,
at that time juvenile researchers at the University of Utah. Four
years subsequent this animation was eventually discovered by some
Hollywood boss and included into the 1976 sci-fi video Future world. Today, Ed
Catmull is renowned as a co-founder and leader of Pixar Studios.
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The first revolutionary use of 3D imagery in a movie was in
Jurassic reserve issued in 1993, almost all of the dinosaurs
were conceived in utilising 3D CGI in and shown in the live-action scenes of the
movie:
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7. It is now common location for 3D composites to feature inside TV and movies –
individual features, SFX - blasts etc.
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Compositing is the blending of visual elements from distinct sources into lone
images, often to create the illusion that all those elements are components of
the identical view. Live-action shooting for compositing is variously called
"chroma key", "blue screen", "green computer display" and other names.
Today, most, though not all, compositing is accomplished through digital
likeness manipulation. Pre-digital compositing methods, however, go back as
far as the knack films of Georges Méliès in the late 19th years; and some are
still in use. All compositing engages the replacement of chosen parts of an
image with other material, generally, but not always, from another image. In
the digital procedure of compositing, software instructions designate a
narrowly characterised hue as the part of an likeness to be restored. Then
every pixel inside the designated colour variety is restored by the programs
with a pixel from another likeness, aligned to emerge as part of the initial. For
demonstration, a TV climate person is recorded in front of a simple azure or
green computer display, while compositing programs restores only the
designated blue or green colour with climate maps.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compositing
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3D Animation on TV
3D boasted rarely on TV until 1994 when a Canadian output business called
Mainframe Entertainment founded in Vancouver issued a CGI TV sequence
called ReBoot. The sequence was credited to be the first ever full-length,
absolutely computer-animated TV sequence. The program was unique at the

8. time it was issued since the first fully 3D animated video hadn’t yet been
issued, so it attracted a allotment of attention not only from the assembly but
also drew the attention of older persons too due to its originality and technical
language.
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The setting is in the inward world of a computer system renowned by its
inhabitants as Mainframe. It was deliberately selected due to technological
constraints at the time, as the fictional computer world permitted for blocky
looking forms and mechanical animation. Mainframe is split up into six parts:
Baudway, Kits, bobbing Point Park, Beverly high grounds, partition Street, and
Ghetty major. The names of Mainframe's parts are homage's to famous
neighbourhoods, mostly in New York City or Los Angeles.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReBoot
As the cost of production has dropped, the use of 3D within TV has
mushroomed. Production standards have begun to reflector those of the film
industry.
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9. Education In 3D
The Gaia 3D Viewer has been designed with the classroom in brain. The easy
interface needs no teaching and teachers are adept to start educating lessons
in 3D directly away. Different Viewer choices offer a kind of capabilities
permitting maximum flexibility in the school room. Gaia boasts a variety of
lessons covering all topics from biological science to annals and Geography.
Each message can be enhanced by the teacher with the capability to rapidly
and easily embed external assets exactly into the courses supplied. The full
environments, such as the Roman City and Pond Ecosystem, permit teachers
and students to discover and find out in a virtual environment. utilising the
camera function in the Viewer, educators may individually work out and
command the path they desire to journey interior any chosen 3D natural
environment. For example, take the school room on a virtual tour of ancient
Giza or on an undersea search for tadpoles.
http://www.gaia3d.co.uk/
Architecture In 3D
Architects are able to use 3D technology to design buildings and environments
and make visualisations of the completed designs:
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Engineering In 3D
Engineers use 3D expertise to conceive and check vegetation and gear:
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Medicine In 3D
3D expertise is utilised inside the health part for training reasons, but most
significantly, in the imaging of the body:
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11. Meteorology In 3D
3D expertise is utilised to form climate schemes to help realise imminent
patterns, especially in the case of farthest weather situation:
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3D Product Design
3D expertise is used by designers to develop and visualise new products:
http://www.3formdesign.com/portfolio/