A brief presentation on the Concept of Health and Wellbeing. (data till 2019)
it may be useful for MBBS undergraduate and postgraduate of Community Medicine/ Preventive and social medicine.
Concept of health and disease (concept and definition of health,well being, illness,sickness and disease; philosophy of health; concept and definition of disease; changing concepts of health; dimensions of health; spectrum of health; iceberg phenomenon of disease; responsibility for health: Individual, community, state and international) Concept of causation (germ theory of disease; epidemiological triad; multi-factorial
causation; web of causation; natural history of disease: pre-pathogenesis and pathogenesis phase)Determinants of health
Prevention, its levels in line with phases of disease concurrent to natural history Concept of modes of intervention in different levels of prevention Burden of disease (concept of burden of disease; measurements used in burden of disease: DALY, QALY, YLL, YLD) Indicators of Health (Concept and characteristics of health indicator; Different types of
mortality and morbidity indicators: mortality Indicators-crude death rate; age-specific death rate; infant mortality rate; maternal mortality rate and ratio; Morbidity indicators:
Introduction to ethical issues in public health, Public Health Institute (PHI...Dr Ghaiath Hussein
An introduction to ethical issues in public health practice and research I gave to master students in the Public Health Institute in Sudan -- My Home Country. This was on Jan. 5, 2012.
A brief presentation on the Concept of Health and Wellbeing. (data till 2019)
it may be useful for MBBS undergraduate and postgraduate of Community Medicine/ Preventive and social medicine.
Concept of health and disease (concept and definition of health,well being, illness,sickness and disease; philosophy of health; concept and definition of disease; changing concepts of health; dimensions of health; spectrum of health; iceberg phenomenon of disease; responsibility for health: Individual, community, state and international) Concept of causation (germ theory of disease; epidemiological triad; multi-factorial
causation; web of causation; natural history of disease: pre-pathogenesis and pathogenesis phase)Determinants of health
Prevention, its levels in line with phases of disease concurrent to natural history Concept of modes of intervention in different levels of prevention Burden of disease (concept of burden of disease; measurements used in burden of disease: DALY, QALY, YLL, YLD) Indicators of Health (Concept and characteristics of health indicator; Different types of
mortality and morbidity indicators: mortality Indicators-crude death rate; age-specific death rate; infant mortality rate; maternal mortality rate and ratio; Morbidity indicators:
Introduction to ethical issues in public health, Public Health Institute (PHI...Dr Ghaiath Hussein
An introduction to ethical issues in public health practice and research I gave to master students in the Public Health Institute in Sudan -- My Home Country. This was on Jan. 5, 2012.
A presentation by Karen Nelson, MBA, MSW, RSW, of the Ottawa Hospital, made to social workers at their 2013 Annual Meeting. A very thorough overview with significant research supporting the link between Social Determinants of Health and healthcare outcomes.
Theories of Health Communication and their conceptual models.
These can be used to design health communication program to ensure some behavioral changes. Tells about stages of behavior change, types of audience and their perceptions.
Concept of health and wellbeing by Dr. Sonam Aggarwal Dr. Sonam Aggarwal
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity”. (given by: WHO, 1948)
In 1978, the ability to lead a “socially and economically productive life” was also added to the definition by WHO.
The concept of health as defined by WHO is broad and positive in its implications; it sets out the standard, the standard of “positive” health.
However, the WHO definition of health is not an “operational definition”.
This presentation describes what is new public health with adapted components from the previous eras of public health. Health promotion and evolution of public health is covered here.
This presentation describes the Evolution of Community Medicine from the word hygiene to public health to preventive and social medicine to community medicine . It is a very simple presentation which describes difference between doctor ,good doctor and a very good doctor. It also includes recent IAPSM ( INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE) definition of Community Medicine and what are the key functions of Community Medicine Specialist. it also describes concept of Socialized Medicine.
Health promotion is, as stated in the 1986 World Health Organization Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, "the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health
A presentation by Karen Nelson, MBA, MSW, RSW, of the Ottawa Hospital, made to social workers at their 2013 Annual Meeting. A very thorough overview with significant research supporting the link between Social Determinants of Health and healthcare outcomes.
Theories of Health Communication and their conceptual models.
These can be used to design health communication program to ensure some behavioral changes. Tells about stages of behavior change, types of audience and their perceptions.
Concept of health and wellbeing by Dr. Sonam Aggarwal Dr. Sonam Aggarwal
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity”. (given by: WHO, 1948)
In 1978, the ability to lead a “socially and economically productive life” was also added to the definition by WHO.
The concept of health as defined by WHO is broad and positive in its implications; it sets out the standard, the standard of “positive” health.
However, the WHO definition of health is not an “operational definition”.
This presentation describes what is new public health with adapted components from the previous eras of public health. Health promotion and evolution of public health is covered here.
This presentation describes the Evolution of Community Medicine from the word hygiene to public health to preventive and social medicine to community medicine . It is a very simple presentation which describes difference between doctor ,good doctor and a very good doctor. It also includes recent IAPSM ( INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE) definition of Community Medicine and what are the key functions of Community Medicine Specialist. it also describes concept of Socialized Medicine.
Health promotion is, as stated in the 1986 World Health Organization Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, "the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health
health and wellness fundamental of nursing full chapterpinkijat
Concept of health and wellness, dimensions of health,and models of health and wellness,health illness continuum model, factors influencing of health,risk factor of influencing health ,level of disease prevention,illness and illness behaviour ,impact of illness on family and patient ,health care agency , hospital classification of hospital,health care team, national health policy 2017.in fundamental of nursing full chapter
To accomplish community health goals and its aims the following approaches are to be utilized by community health professionals:-
1)persuasive approach 2)enforcement 3)team approach 4)community involvement 5)Intersectorial approach
For adventurous travel blog please visit http://wilsontom.blogspot.com
C H I R O E CO . CO M F e B r u a r y 2 4 , 2 0 1 7 • C H I R .docxclairbycraft
C H I R O E CO . CO M F e B r u a r y 2 4 , 2 0 1 7 • C H I R O P R A C T I C E CO N O M I C S 41
WELLNESSAPPROACH
THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS WHOSUFFER FROM COMPLEX CHRONICdiseases such as heart disease,
diabetes, cancer, and autoimmune
disorders is on the rise. The conven-
tional care provided by allopathic
medicine is oriented toward acute care
and the diagnosis of trauma or disease
of limited duration, such as a broken
limb or heart attack.
Medical physicians practicing in this
model typically prescribe drugs or
surgery with the goal of ameliorating
the immediate conditionand symptoms.
If, as a DC, you are frustrated by
watching your patients suffer from
chronic disease and be cycled through
the system of diagnosis and drugs
without improvement, Functional
Medicine (FM) can provide you with
powerful tools and strategies to help
your patients regain their health.
Why Functional Medicine?
The acute-care approach is ill-equipped
to handle the multifaceted issues that
accompany most chronic diseases. It’s
also a model that fails to address the
unique genetic background of each
individual. It also does not take into
account the impact of modern lifestyles
and environmental factors that can
lead to an increase in chronic diseases.
These factors include diet, exercise,
exposure to toxins, and stress. For
these reasons, most doctors are
unequipped to assess the underlying
causes of disease. They do not know
how to utilize diet, exercise, and
nutrition as preventive factors in
combating chronic disease.
From an allopathic perspective, FM
offers a novel approach and method-
ology to treating andpreventing chronic
diseases. From a chiropractic perspec-
tive, seeking to discover the underlying
cause of disease by examining how
structure impacts function is a foun-
dational principal for the profession.
By joining forces, either through
collaboration or in a more formal
integrative or multidisciplinary practice
setting, allopathic physicians and
chiropractors can help their patients
derive the greatest benefit from both
perspectives. Practitioners of FM
develop individualized treatment
programs that address the interaction
between the external environment and
the internal environment of the body,
The heart of the matter
What you need to know about Functional Medicine.
BY MARK SANNA, DC
A
D
O
BE
ST
O
C
K
http://www.chiroeco.com
42 C H I R O P R A C T I C E CO N O M I C S • F e B r u a r y 2 4 , 2 0 1 7 C H I R O E C O . CO M
WELLNESSAPPROACH
including the immune, endocrine, and
gastrointestinal systems.
How is Functional Medicine
different?
From an FM perspective, the primary
factors considered during a patient
assessment include foundational
lifestyle factors: nutrition, exercise,
sleep, stress level, interpersonal
relationships, andgenetics. These
primary factors are, in turn, influenced
by certain predisposing factors,
ongoing physiological processes, and
discrete events that result in an
imbalance in the body’s ability to
maintain .
If you are in need of professional writing services for your upcoming Capstone design project; then all you need to do is contact us through our easy to use website. Let us know about your project, what you are looking for and when you need your proposal by. From there we will get to work for you and make sure that you are being matched with the right writer to deliver you the assistance that you are looking for.
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Health psychology;Definition, areas,Aims, Need & Significance|Aboutpsy.comAboutPsy
Definition of health psychology
Definition of Health
Areas of health psychology
Aims of health psychology
Need and significance of health psychology
Health psychology is devoted to understanding psychological influences on how people stay healthy, why they become ill, and how they respond when they do get ill.
Health psychologists both study such issues and develop interventions to help people stay well or recover from illness.
..........aboutpsy.com
Unit ii history development of health system of nepalsirjana Tiwari
Ancient Period
Pre- Unified Period
Period of King Prithivi Narayan Shah Dev
Rana Period
Pre- Planned Period
Planned Period
1st long term health plan
second long term health plan
National health policy 1991
Essential health care service
National health sector strategy
Millennium development goal
Sustainable development goal
Historical Glimpse of Public Health
Ancient Greece (500-323 BC)
Roman Empire (23 BC – 476 AD)
Middle Ages (476-1450 AD)
Birth of Modern Medicine (1650-1800 AD)
Great Sanitary Awakening (1800s-1900s)
Modern Public Health (1900 AD & onward)
Definition and Historical Glimpse of Public Health
Ancient Greece (500-323 BC)
Roman Empire (23 BC – 476 AD)
Middle Ages (476-1450 AD)
Birth of Modern Medicine (1650-1800 AD)
Great Sanitary Awakening (1800s-1900s)
Modern Public Health (1900 AD & onward)
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdf
Application of medical, spiritual and holistic model in public health
1. Sirjana Tiwari
School of Health and Allied Science,
Pokhara University
Application of public health from
medical model, spiritual model and
holistic model
2. Medical model
The medical model of health focuses on the physical
or biological aspects of disease , illness, disorder,
disability condition and attempts to (cure) return the
physical health of the person to a pre-illness state.
It is a medical model of care practiced by doctors
and/or health professional and is associated with the
diagnosis, cure and treatment of disease.
3. Application of Medical model in Public
Health
Example include:
X-rays Diagnosis
Identification , Scans of a disease or illness through a
doctor’s
Blood Test observation,
Through the Ultrasound use of specific diagnostic test
Mammograms tests
Biopsy test
Pap smear tests Intervention/treatment
Prescription Medicine to improve health and Hospitalization
of severe condition.
4. Spiritual Health
Spiritual health is achieved
when you feel at peace
with life. It is when you are
able to find hope and
comfort in even the
hardest of times chronic
disease.
4/6/2022
4
5. Spiritual Model
Patients are considered as beings-in-relationship, and
illness is regarded as a disruptive force in the
biological relationships that can impact all other
relational aspects of the patient.
spiritual model is routinely used in the clinical setting,
especially in taking care of patients dying from life-
threatening illnesses or condition.
such as cancer, bubonic plague, or progressive
congestive heart failure and recently example is
severe covid-19 cases.
6. Application of spiritual model in Public
Health
Application of this model considering the constructs
of spiritual care model of : Sound Heart
1. Sensitizing and informing clients of consequences
of unhealthy lifestyle
2. High-risk behaviors
3. and adverse emotions, with a sense of perceived
threat, motivate clients to modify themselves.
4. The modification of four spiritual relationships
(with the nature, people, himself, God),
7. Application spiritual model in patient with
covid-19 dying in isolation
Four measures to help meet the
psychological and spiritual
needs of patients and their
families include:
(1) An integrative care approach
with palliative care and
primary care teams working
together.
(2) Early end-of-life care
discussions with the patient
and their family.
(3) The broader use of video
conferencing technology
within isolation precaution
units to facilitated virtual
connectedness with family.
(4) Increased shared decision
making with family and
discussions about a clear
post-COVID-19 exit strategy
(discharge or death).
https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2020.1845125
9. Holistic model
In this model emotional, and spiritual wellbeing is
considered as important dimensions of individual.
Efforts are to be taken to promote health as its optimal
level .
Public health professional needs to have knowledge of
these therapies as these are congruent with public’s
belief, value towards health and life.
Moreover, client may have practiced these therapies
by assisting their client in making choices to promote
health.
10. Application of Holistic Model
Here patients are involved in their own health care .
It involve music therapy, massage therapy, laugher
therapy, biofeedback, guided imaginary, breathing
therapy
.
These are noninvasive, non- pharmacological and have
no side effects.
The relaxation therapies basically distract client during
pain.
Even breathing exercises help the client to deal with
pain, anxiety etc.
11. Example: Development of health Promotion
Program for Individuals With Arthritis: Application
of holistic Model
The main objectives of this
program is "minimization of
physical symptoms and
signs", "maximization of
psychological function", and
"maximization of role
performance in social
domain"
Strategies includes
knowledge on management
of arthritis
efficacy related to arthritis
management
skill for pain management
skill for exercise
establishment of positive
self-concept
enhancement of positive
thinking
stress management
skill for problem solving
skill for setting goals
skill for requesting help and
skill for communication
https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.2.314