This document discusses various applications of lasers including manufacturing, medical, metrology, defense, communication, and scientific uses. Lasers are widely used in manufacturing for cutting, drilling, welding, and lithography due to their ability to focus light into an intense beam. In medicine, lasers are used for eye surgery, dermatology, and minimally invasive surgery. Defense applications include laser range finders, underwater lasers, and laser-guided missiles. Lasers also have important applications in spectroscopy, laser cooling, optical tweezers, and as guide stars for telescopes. Future potential uses may include laser-based electricity generation and transmission as well as nuclear fusion.

1. Application of LASER
 SUBMITTED TO-
 DR. POONAM SHYAL
 Associate Professore
 EE Department
 NITTTR ,CHD
 SUBMITTED BY-
 VIKAS KUMAR SINGH
 ROLL NO-151521
 ME MODULAR(I&C)
 NITTTR,CHANDIGARH

2. Laser Applications
 Lasers are employed over a wide range
of applications from scientific research,
biomedicine, and environmental
sciences to industrial materials, Defence
processing, microelectronics, avionics,
and entertainment etc.

3. Manufacturing
 Lasers are widely used in manufacturing, e.g. for
cutting, drilling, welding, cladding, soldering
(brazing), lithography, alignment, etc. In most cases,
relatively high optical intensities are applied to a
small spot leading to intense heating,possibly
evaporation and plasma generation.
Essential aspects are the high
spatial coherence of laser light, allowing for strong
focusing, and often also the potential for generating

4.  The requirements on optical power and beam
quality depend very much on the application and
the involved materials. For example, laser marking
on plastics can be done with fairly low power
levels, whereas cutting, welding or drilling on
metals requires much more – often multiple
kilowatts

5. Medical Applications
There is a wide range of medical applications. Often
these relate to the outer parts of the human body,
which are easily reached with light; examples are eye
surgery and vision correction (LASIK), dermatology
etc.

6.  Lasers are also used for surgery (e.g. of the prostate),
exploiting the possibility to cut tissues while causing
minimal bleeding. Some operations can be done with
endoscopic means; an endoscope may contain an optical fiber
for delivering light to the operation scene and another fiber
for imaging, apart from additional channels for mechanical
instruments.

7. Metrology
 Lasers are widely used in optical metrology
Laser scanners are based on collimated laser
beams, which can read e.g. bar codes or other
graphics over some distance. It is also possible
to scan three-dimensional objects, e.g. in the
context of crime scene investigation (CSI).
Fiber-optic sensors, often probed with laser
light, allow for the distributed measurement of
temperature, stress, and other quantities e.g. in
oil pipelines and wings of airplanes.

8. DEFENSE
 There are many application in defense system
 Laser Range Finder
To knock down an enemy tank, it is necessary to range it
very accurately. Because of its high intensity and very low
divergence even after travelling quite a few kilometres,
laser is ideally suited for this purpose. The laser range
finders using neodymium and carbon dioxide lasers have
become a standard item for artillery and tanks. These
laser range finders are light weight and have higher
reliability and superior range accuracy as compared to
the conventional range finders

9. Underwater Laser
 For this purpose, a laser
giving radiation in the blue-green region is most
suitable as the transmission in this region is
maximum for sea water. The attenuation in
underwater transmission is due to (i) absorption by
materials in water, (ii) scattering by suspended
particles, and (iii) variation in optical density along
the light path. The blue-green lasers have assumed
much importance in the systems related to naval
applications.

11. Laser-Guided Anti-Tank Missile (ATM)
 A missile can be guided and controlled by an infrared
beam emitted from a laser, with extremely small
divergence. This can be achieved in four ways-
i) The laser beam is used to illuminate the target tank;
the anti-tank missile (ATM) then homes on to the
target,as the latter has .become a source of back-
scattered radiation.
ii) The laser beam is used to provide guidance instructions
to the missile, i.e., it provides the command link
iii) The missile rides the laser beam which is kept pointing
along the collision course to the target
iv) The missile itself carries a laser scanner and seeker for
active homing on to the target

12. Communication
 Infrared region is preferred for communication
specially by military, as it,s more difficult to detect.
The optical laser has a great potential for use in long
distance communication.
Capacity of a communication channel is
proportional to the frequency band width.
Laser is a generator of highly coherent beams
which are powerful and sharply directed, make it
ideally suited for communications.

13. Spectroscopy
 Laser spectroscopy is used in many different
forms and in a wide range of applications. For
example, atmospheric physics and pollution
monitoring profits from trace gas sensing with
differential absorption.
Solid materials can be analyzed with laser
induced breakdown spectroscopy

14. Various Scientific Applications
Laser cooling makes it possible to bring clouds of atoms
or ions to extremely low temperatures. This has
applications in fundamental research and also for
industrial purposes
Optical tweezers Particularly in biological and medical
research, optical tweezers can be used for trapping and
manipulating small particles, such as bacteria or parts of
living cells
Laser guide stars used in astronomical observatories
in combination with adaptive optics for atmospheric
Correction etc.

15. FUTURE ASPECT
 Electricity Transmission & Generation In the
future, high-power laser systems might play a role in
electricity generation as well as transmission by the
help of total internal reflection.
 In Nuclear Fusion Laser-induced nuclear fusion is
investigated as a alternative to other types of fusion
reactors.
High-power lasers can also be used for
isotope separation

16. REFERENCES
 Papers from D.R.D.O which belongs
application of LASER in defense system
 Wikipedia
 Slide-Share
 By the help of Internate for various
information regarding application of LASER

17. THANK
YOU