This document discusses lasers, including their principle of operation, types, construction and applications. It describes how lasers work by stimulating the emission of photons from excited atoms or molecules in a process called stimulated emission. Ruby and He-Ne lasers are discussed in detail. Lasers have applications in communication, industry, medicine and military operations due to their coherent, monochromatic and directional light.
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Its basic principle of working, features or characteristics, types, applications, hazards caused by LASER and future scopes.
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Its basic principle of working, features or characteristics, types, applications, hazards caused by LASER and future scopes.
Basics refresher on Laser Technology and it's applications. Presentation prepared by (and for) student(s). Level- Karnataka State Pre-university PUC1(India)
Lasers in dentistry (2)/ orthodontic course by indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Lasers in dentistry1/ orthodontic course by indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Lasers in dentistry/ orthodontic course by indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
Basics refresher on Laser Technology and it's applications. Presentation prepared by (and for) student(s). Level- Karnataka State Pre-university PUC1(India)
Lasers in dentistry (2)/ orthodontic course by indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Lasers in dentistry1/ orthodontic course by indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Lasers in dentistry/ orthodontic course by indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
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HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
2. Contents
1) Introduction of laser
2) Principle of laser
3) Kinds of lasers
4) Construction and working of Rubylaser
5) Construction and working of He-Ne laser
6) Applicationsoflasers
a)Communication
b)Industry
c)Medicine
d)Militaryoperation
4. Introduction
➢ The word laser is an acronym that stands
for “light amplification by the stimulated
emission of radiation”.
➢ Lasers are essentially highly directional,
highly intense, highly monochromatic and
highly coherent optical sources.
➢ Stimulated emission was postulated by
einstein as early as in 1917.
5. ➢In 1960 , a solid state ruby laser is
developed by maiman on this principle.
➢In 1961, a gas state He-Ne laser is
developed by Ali javan and others in Bell
telephone laboratory.
10. Kinds of lasers
Among the various kinds of lasers some important
types of lasers are listed below:
1) Solid state laser : Ruby laser
2) Gas laser : Co2 laser, He-Ne laser
3) Liquid laser : Europium chelate
laser
4) Dye laser : Courmarin dye laser
5) Semiconductor laser : Inp laser
12. Construction :
➢In ruby laser a cylindrical ruby rod
made up of aluminum oxide which is
doped with 0.05% weight of chromium
oxide.
➢One end of rod is fully silvered and the
other one partially silvered so it act as
optical resonator.
➢The rod is surrounded by a glass tube
which in turn is surrounded by the
helical flash lamp filled with xenon
gas.
13. Working:
When the flash lamp
light will be flashed
on ruby rod the
chromium ions
excited to higher
energy states.
After staying for up
to 10-8 second ions
get transmitted to
the metastable state.
The laser radiation of
a wavelength of
6943A0 and laser
emission is pulsed
one.
15. Construction:
➢ A He-Ne laser consists of large and narrow
discharge tube filled with helium a and neon
gases in the ratio 10:1.
➢ The tube is enclosed between fully and
partially reflective mirrors which serve as
optical cavity.
➢ The two end windows are set at Brewster's
angle, so reflected radiations enter into the
tube become polarized.
16. Working
➢ Helium atoms after
transferring their
energies to neon atoms
are excited to 2s and 3s.
➢ The population in theses
levels is more than those
in lower levels 2p and 3p.
➢ The emission of radiation
having wavelength
6328A0 is red in colour
and it gives continuous
emission of radiation.
17. devices,including high speed photo copiers and print
Applications of lasers
Lasers in communication:
In optical fiber communication laser bandwidth is
very high compared to the radio and microwave
communications.
➢ As it has large bandwidth,more amount of data can be
sent.
➢ More channels can be simultaneously transmitted.
➢ lasers are also used in other communication
ers.
18. Lasers inindustry:
➢ Lasers can be used to blast holes in diamonds and hard
steel.
➢ Laserscancut,drill,weld,removemetalfromsurfacesand
perform these operations even at surfaces inaccessible by
mechanical methods.
➢ Lasers rangefinder isused to measuredistance to making
maps by surveyors.
19. ➢ Argon and Co2 lasers are used in treatment of liver
and lungs .
➢ New kind of laser surgery that uses molecules to
stitch together wounds .
➢ Co2 laser is particularly used in spinal and brain
tumour excision and kidney stone extrusion.
➢ Lasers are used in the treatment of Glaucoma.
20. Laser used in eye
treatment
The laser can also repair a detached retina—one that
has broken loose from the rear part of the eyeball
The laser is very useful in removing extraneous blood
vessels that can form on the retina—the thin, light-
sensitive membrane at the back of the eyeball
21.
22. Lasers in military:
➢ A laser beam can be bounced off a target such as
enemy air plane or ship,to determine its distance
and speed.
➢ Laser can serve as a war weapon.
➢ High energy lasers are being employed to destroy
enemy air crafts and missiles.
23. Advantages of lasers
Lasers are used to cut glass and drill holes in
ceramics.
Lasers are used for bloodless surgery and in
destroying kidney stones and gallstones.
Lasers are used to study the internal
structure of microorganisms and cells.
Lasers are used in air pollution, to estimate
the size of dust particles.
24. Disadvantages of lasers
Lasers are known to be dangerous to the
atmosphere and health.
Laser printers are very costly when compared to
other printers.
When running the laser machine small amount of
ozone are generated, which can damage the
ozone layer.
Some laser particles are also known to emit
particles that may cause respiratory disease.
25. CONCLUSION
Finally I conclude that laserplays
a crucial role in the modern
world.
Therefore laser play an pivotal
role in the present technical
world.