This document provides guidance on citing and referencing sources in APA style. It discusses the purpose and importance of citations, which is to allow others to find sources and give credit to original ideas. It then explains how to format in-text citations, including citing authors with different numbers of works and secondary sources. Lastly, it reviews how to format a reference list, including entries for different source types like books, journal articles, newspapers, and webpages. The overall document serves as a brief style guide for citing sources in APA format.

1. Citing and Referencing in
APA Style
Mushvig Imamverdiyev
ADA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

2. Purpose and Importance of Citations
•Allows professor to find research sources
•Shows evidence of the breadth and depth of
students’ reading
•Gives credits to original thoughts and ideas that
students have used in their work
•Avoids loosing marks

3. In-text Citation and References
Research Topic
______________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
A recent report has revealed
“…………………………………
…………………………………
………” (Author, Year. p.32).
________________________
________________________
References
Author, A. (Year). Title. Place of
Publication: Publisher.
Author, B. (Year). Title. Place of
Publication: Publisher.
Author, C. (Year). Title. Place of
Publication: Publisher.

4. In-text Citation
Essential Information:
•Author’s last name
•Year of Publication
•Page number(s)
Quotation
The recent study shows that “to
preserve the unique Kiwi
experience prohibits the
international students should not
surpass the institutions’ capacity to
support them” (Evans, 2002, p.21).

5. In-text Citation
Essential Information:
•Author’s last name
•Year of Publication
•Page number(s)
Paraphrase
According to the preserving unique
Kiwi experience international
students cannot expect effort more
than institutions’ able to give them
(Evans, 2002, p.21).

6. In-text Citation

7. In-text Citation
Citations from a secondary sources
As Evans (2002) asserts, “to preserve the unique Kiwi
experience prohibits the international students should
not surpass the institutions’ capacity to support them”
(As cited in Jiang & Jones, 2010, p.26).

8. In-text Citation
Book with two authors
(Shaffer & Ziyadov, 2011, p.15).
Book three to five authors
First citation: (Shaffer, Goltz & Ziyadov, 2011, p.15).
Subsequent citation: (Shaffer et al., 2011, p.15).
Book six or more authors
(Shaffer et al., 2011, p.15).

9. In-text Citation
Unknown author
(Beyond the Resource Curse, 2011, p.15).
No page number
(Shaffer & Ziyadov, 2011, para.1).
Undated book
(Ziyadov, n.d., p.12).
An author’s two books in the same year
(Ziyadov, 2011a, p.15).
(Ziyadov, 2011b, p.32).

10. Reference List
Reference lists appear at the end of every
academic paper and contain a detailed
catalog of all the sources (books, journal
articles, websites, etc.) that have been cited
directly in a document.

11. Reference List
References
Evans, S. (2002). Too much of everything.
Educational Review, May 29, pp. 20-23.
doi:10.1002/asi.10255
Shaffer,B., & Ziyadov, T. (2011). Beyond
the resource curse. Philadelphia:
University of Pennsylvania Press,Inc.
Retrieved from http://library.ada.edu.az

12. Electronic Journal Article
Evans, S., Henry, J., & Sue, Q. (2002). Too Much
of Everything. Educational Review, May 29,
pp. 20–23. Retrieved February 22, 2017
from http://library.ada.edu.az
OR
Evans, S., Henry, J., & Sue, Q. (2002). Too Much
of Everything. Educational Review, May 29,
pp. 20–23. doi:10.1019/j.jadohealth.2001.11.012

13. Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
Once the article is published and made available
electronically, the publisher ascribes a unique DOI
in order for everyone to get easy access to it. The
DOI is usually placed on the first page of the
electronic journal article, near the copyright notice.

14. Newspaper Article
Print version
Quinian, O.(2016, April 6). How universities can
teach their students to respect different
cultures. The Conversation, p.5
Electronic version
Quinian, O. (2016, April 6). How universities can
teach their students to respect different
cultures. The Conversation. Retrieved from
ERIC Database.

15. Newspaper Article
No Author
How universities can teach their students to respect
different cultures. (2016, April 6). How
universities can teach their students to respect
different cultures. The Conversation, p.5

16. Webpages
The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of
Azerbaijan. (2016). Main indicators of culture
2016. Retrieved from http://www.stat.gov.az/source