http://libguides.scf.edu/APA_Monday Tips on titles, multiple authors, editors, textbooks and more for APA citation. Overview of references and in-text citation together. Ends with a checklist. Rhonda K. Kitchens and Jack Keeley at the Learning Commons of the State College of Florida

1. Jack Keeley & Rhonda Kitchens @State College of Florida Manatee-Sarasota

2. APA Citation Style
• Major Rules That Confuse Some People:
• In APA there are only three things in an APA title that should be capitalized:
• The first word.
• The word following a colon
• A proper noun or phrase
• There is no period at the end of an digital reference, such as, a DOI or URL
• Use last name, first and middle initials for authors, but first and middle initial with last name for
editors.
• Most of APA rests on a simple recipe : Who? **When? What? And Where?
• Generic Reference: Author, date, title, source
• How to Write APA Reference without all the
information/http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2012/05/missing-
pieces.html?_ga=1.261687949.1409665101.1453824870
• ** No date? (n.d.).

5. Author(s)
In-Text Citation : Author(s) and Multiple Authors
Basic:
In African ethics, the concept of happiness isn’t confined to one person, but the group (Ugwuanyi, 2014, p. 520).
Direct quotation:
“This notion is different from the conception of happiness in African communitarian ethics, which to a large extent
ignores the plural nature of human beings” (Ugwuanyi, 2014, p. 520).
A direct quotation using the author’s name:
Ugwuanyi (2014) emphasized happiness in African ethics “ignores the plural nature of human beings” (p. 520).
With 3-5 authors, use them all the first time they are mentioned in paper. (Ugwuanyi, Second, Third & Fourth, 2009,
p. 52). The second time use (Ugwuanyi et al., 2009, p. 520) or “Ugwuanyi et al. (2009) advised..” (p. 520).
With 6 or more authors use the et al. immediately. (Ugwuanyi et al, 2009, p. 520). In a direct quote or paraphrase:
“Ugwuanyi et al. (2009) advised..” (p. 520).
References : Multiple authors in APA, use the ampersand not “and”
Two authors:
Ugwuanyi, L. O. & Second, O.
Three to Seven authors:
Ugwuanyi, L. O., Second, O., & Third, O.
If more than 7, insert ellipsis after the sixth name and end with final author. There is no ampersand.
Ugwuanyi, L. O., Second, O., Third, O., Fourth, O., Fifth, O., Sixth, O.,…Final, O.

9. Fitne Nursing Streaming Video
In-text Citation:
(Fitne, 2009)
References: Goes alphabetically by author/organization’s name on References page.
Fitne (Producer). (2009). Bettery Newman: Newman Systems Model [steaming video].
Retrieved from http://www.fitne.net
YouTube
APA Style. (2011, October 11). “How to create a reference for a YouTube video. Retrieved from http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2011/10/how-to-create-a-reference-for-a-youtube-video.html

10. CINALH: Database article with a DOI ( Digital Object Identifier)
In-Text Citation:
Basic:
(Kiely et al., 2009, p. 57).
Quotation:
“Be patient with your patients” (Kiely et al., 2009, p. 57).
Paraphrase:
Kiely et al., (2009) repeats, “be patient with your patients” (p. 57).
References: Goes alphabetically by author’s name on References page.
Kiely, D., Marcantonio, E., Inouye, S., Shaffer, M., Bergman, M., Yang, F.,...Jones, R.N. (2009).
Persistent delirium predicts greater mortality. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 57(1),
55-61. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5412-5415.2008.02092.x

11. CINALH: Database without a DOI
In-Text Citation:
Basic:
(Young, 2009, p. 457).
Quotation:
“Failure to assess wound pain can cause further suffering” (Young, 2009, p. 457).
Paraphrase:
Young (2009) repeats, “be patient with your patients” (p. 457).
References: Goes alphabetically by author’s name on References page.
Young, T. (2009) Assessment of wound pain: Overview and new initiative. British Journal of
Nursing, 16(8), 456-461. Retrieved from http:www.britishjournalofnursing.com

12. eBooks and Chapters of eBooks: Such as Rittenhouse
In-Text Citation:
Basic:
eBook: (Sitzman & Eichelberger , 2017, p. 457).
Chapter of eBook: Chapter (Butcher & Malinski, 2015, p. 52).
Quotation:
eBook: “Failure to assess wound pain can cause further suffering” (Sitzman & Eichelberger, 2017, p. 457).
Chapter of eBook: “Failure to assess wound pain can cause further suffering” (Butcher & Malinski, 2015, p. 52).
Paraphrase:
eBook: Sitzman and Eichelberger (2009) repeats, “be patient with your patients” (p. 457).
Chapter of eBook: Butcher and Malinski (2015) repeats, “be patient with your patients” (p. 52).
References: Goes alphabetically by author’s name on References page.
eBook
Sitzman, K. & Eichelberger, W. (2017). Understanding the work of nurse theorists. Retrieved from
http://http://www.r2library.com.db15.linccweb.org/
Chapter of eBook
Butcher, H.K. & Malinkski, V.M. (2015). Martha E. Rogers Science of Unitary Human Beings. In M. Smith & M. Parker
(Eds.), Nursing Theories & Nursing Practice. Retrieved from http://http://www.r2library.com.db15.linccweb.org/

13. Citation of a secondary source.
A secondary source means that you did not
read the source of information, but you found somebody else citing the source of
information and you are borrowing what has been cited by that person:
YES McClelland (as cited in Rush, 1996) characterizes people who have a
high need for achievement…
NO McClelland (1996) characterizes people who have high need for
achievement…
In this case, you didn’t read McClelland’s article, but you read Rush’s article in which
he cited McClelland’s statement. In your references section, you must put the
reference to Rush’s article (not McClelland’s article)
-- From Boise State University
http://opwl.boisestate.edu/wp-content/uploads/resources/APASixthEditionJan12.pdf

14. BEFORE YOU TURN IT IN APA CHECKLIST:
1) Do your in-text citations match your references and vice versa? In other words, if you have
written in your text: "The landscape of human imagination is endless," (Smith, 2015, p.6),
does your References page have "Smith, A. P. (2015)..."? If the answer is "yes!" then ask
yourself, "are my references in alphabetical order?"
• What are in-text citations?
• If you have used something in your work that you did not read, but the author referenced,
you cannot use it as a reference. It is called an indirect citation. It will reference the author
of the paper/work that you read.
2) Review 5 Major APA Rules (Slide 1)
3) In APA for almost every medium, certain words are italicized. Double-check if the title,
journal title, series title or some other part of the citation element should be italicized.
• Sneaky italicized item: The volume number of a scholarly journal is italicized. The issue
number is not. (APA, 6th ed. p.186, 6.30)

15. 4) Is your APA paper formatted correctly? Look over the Purdue Online Writing Centers
annotated sample. (APA, 6th ed., pp. 228-231).
• Use 12 pt Times New Roman
• References should start on its own page and should be centered over the alphabetical list.
• Indent the first line of every paragraph
• Double-space between all text lines of manuscript
• Help with Running Head in APA format.
5) Generally, numerals 10 and above are expressed at numbers. (APA, 6th ed., p. 111, 4.41)
Exceptions:
• Ordinal numbers: first graders, fifth group, second item
• Any number that begins a sentence, title or text
• Others see APA, 6th ed., p.112-115.
BEFORE YOU TURN IT IN APA CHECKLIST:

16. 6) Bias in language. Remember, APA is dedicated to fair treatment and respect to individuals
and groups (APA, 6th ed., pp.70-77).
• NOT: Crohn's patients. USE: People with Crohn's. Review more examples at APAstyle.org, "A
little respect."
• Gender. Use his/her or they when groups consist of both sexes. Review more examples at
APAstyle.org, "The use of singular 'they' in APA style."
BEFORE YOU TURN IT IN APA CHECKLIST: