This document is a comprehensive instructional outline on APA citation style, specifically designed for referencing journal articles in academic writing. It includes lessons on formatting, citing authors, web sources, and journal specifics while offering interactive practice questions and tutorials. The module emphasizes the importance of APA formatting in the social sciences to ensure proper credit and scholarly credibility in research.

1. Deliverable 3
Presented by Robin McDaniel
EME6601

2. Home
Instructional Outline
Table of Contents
Introduction
• How to view this interactive module
• Learner Objectives
• Pre-Test
Lesson 1: APA Basics
• Introduction to APA
• Where and why APA
• Relevance: Why learn APA
Lesson 2: Citing the Author
• Adding Authors
• Single Authors
• Multiple Authors
• Practice 1
Date, Title and Periodical Basics
• Adding the Date
• Title & Periodical
• Rules and Punctuation
• Practice 2
Lesson 3: Web sources
• Web Entries
• Practice 3
Journal Specifics and Tutorials
• More Journal Specifics
• APA Video Tutorial
• Practice 4
• Post-test
Next

3. How to View this Interactive
Learning Module
• View in presentation or slideshow mode for best results.
• Click on the “Home icon” to return to the instructional objectives list.
• Click on any text that says “Click Here” to view important information.
• Click “Next” or “Back” text or arrows when indicated to move to the next
page.
• After taking the pre-test, come back to the presentation to complete the learning module.
• When no text or arrow button is present, press enter or click to move to the next slide.
• There are practice modules throughout. The word “Practice” will follow an arrow prior to
beginning a practice section of the module.
• Click to answer questions and get feedback in practice modules.
• Click to return to this page for helpful tips. Next

4. Learner Objectives for this Module
• How to cite a journal author/s correctly.
• Correct placement of the date.
• How and where to put article and periodical title.
• The difference between a DOI and URL and how to cite.
• Punctuation and spacing for journal citations.
• How to correctly reference a journal article.
• General American Psychological Association referencing
information.
What will you learn?
Next

5. Pre-Test
How much do you know about referencing journal
articles using APA?
Click Here to Access the pre-test; then come
back to finish the presentation and learn more!
Click “Next” ONLY after you have completed the pre-test! Next

6. Introduction to APA
APA is a style of citation that is most often used in the social
sciences. It is based on an established set of rules set by the
American Psychological Association that set criteria for
documenting sources inside a research paper.
The revised 6th edition, 2nd printing of the APA manual gives
specific examples for the general format of APA research papers
including references, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the
reference page.
To learn more, please refer to the Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association, (6th ed., 2nd printing).
Next

7. Where and Why APA?
Specific Stylistics help
readers and researchers
find key points
APA is used to reference
books, journals, websites
Writers can give proper
credit for research and
resources
It is widely used in higher
education, especially in
the Social Sciences
APA
Next

8. Relevance
Why Learn APA to Cite Journals?
?
• APA is most common citation for social science research
• Often used in higher educational research settings
• Using APA will enable others to follow your research trail
?
• Often used for peer reviewed journals in research
• APA is usually required for in-class papers
• You appear more professional when you cite correctly
?
• Correct APA citation is required for journal submission
• Increased knowledge will shorten time it takes to cite
• Will help you in graduate school and professional writing
Next

9. Adding the Author/s
Single Author Multiple Authors
Click here first Click here second
Click the above links to move forward through the presentation!

10. Single
Author
• Authors names are inverted
(last name first followed by
initials: “James, M. E.”)
• Follow the last name with a
comma.
• Spacing after each entry is
normal (ie., one space after
each entry, but not before
the comma).
• Follow each initial with a
period.
Example:
James, R. D.
Back

11. Multiple
Authors
Two Authors
1. Click for Example
Three to Seven Authors
2. Click for Example
More than Seven Authors
3. Click for Example
Author Unknown or
Organization
4. Click for Example
APA dictates different
citation rules based on
number of authors of
a journal article.
Click on the links to
find out more!
Be sure to click on all examples before moving to the next page!

12. Two Authors
Last names come first and then initials. As with all author listings,
spacing is normal (one space following initials, names, periods and
commas).
Use an ampersand “&” in place of “and” after the comma, and
before the second name. There is never a comma after the last
name preceding the parentheses.
Example:
Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E. (1994). Mood management across
affective states: The hedonic contingency hypothesis. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 1034-1048.
Back

13. Three to Seven Authors
List last names first and then initials. There are commas
between author names. Precede the last authors name with an
ampersand “&”. Authors are listed as shown in the journal.
Example:
Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., Harlow, T.,
& Bach, J. S. (1993). There's more to self-esteem than whether
it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-
esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1190-1204.
Back

14. More than Seven Authors
List by last names and initials; commas separate author names.
After the sixth author's name, use an ellipses (ie., three dots)
Example: … in place of the author names. Then provide the
final author name. There should be no more than seven
names.
Example:
Miller, F. H., Choi, M. J., Angeli, L. L., Harland, A. A.,
Stamos, J. A., Thomas, S. T., . . . Rubin, L. H. (2009).
Web site usability for the blind and low-vision
user. Technical Communication, 57, 323-335.
Back

15. Author Unknown or Organization as
an Author
• Unknown Author or Organization
Use the title as a reference using the first few words in
all caps. Follow with the edition of the publication if
shown.
Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (10th
ed.).(1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.
American Psychological Association. (2003).
Next

16. More About Author Entries
• Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the
last name of the first author of each work.
• For multiple articles by the same author, or authors
listed in the same order, list the entries in
chronological order, from earliest to most recent.
Practice

17. Practice Question 1
a. Brown, M. Cheliak, D. Marcuson, A. (2009). Article title. Journal Title.
http://www.abc123.com
b. Saunders, A., & Gillian, D., & Belici, G. (2012). Article title. Journal
Title. http://www.abc123.com
c. Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M.,
Soderlund, L., & Brizee, A. (2010). Article title. Journal Title.
http://www.abc123.com
d. Anderson, G., Marcus, D., Richards, George, Mendeci, B., and Rice,
J. (1999). Article title. Journal Title. http://www.abc123.com
Question: Which entry is an example of correct APA citation for
multiple authors in a journal article?
Click the box next to the selection for answers and feedback!

18. Practice Question 1
Answer a. is incorrect
Feedback
Answer a:
Item “a”. is incorrect because there is no
ampersand “&” symbol after the comma and
preceding the last author in the citation.
Click here to try Again!

19. Practice Question 1
Answer b. is incorrect
Feedback
Answer b:
Item “b.” is incorrect because there is an ampersand between
both the first two authors and the last two authors. The
ampersand should only go between the last two authors.
Click here to try Again!

20. Practice Question 1
Answer c. is Correct!
Answer c:
The correct answer is item “c.” As one of the most commonly used styles for citing citations,
American Psychological Association (APA) formatting follows certain specifications in order to
ensure consistency in academic publications.
All author names are inverted (last name first). Include first initial of each author.
Last names are followed by a comma and a space. The first letter of the authors name is then
listed and punctuated with a period. If there are additional authors, the period following the
initial is followed by a comma and then the last name of the next author. Add an ampersand
“&” before last name of the last author in the citation. There should be a space on either side of
the ampersand.
Continue up to six authors. For more than 6 authors, add ellipses after the 6th
author’s name for each additional author up till the last. Follow the ellipses (ie., …) with the
name of the last author.
Example: Miller, F. H., Choi, M. J., Angeli, L. L., Harland, A. A., Stamos, J. A., Thomas, S. T., . .
. Rubin, L. H. (2009). Web site usability for the blind and low-vision user. Technical Communication,
57, 323-335.
Next

21. Practice Question 1
Answer d. is incorrect
Feedback
Answer d:
Item “d.” is incorrect because the word “and” is spelled
out between the names of the last two authors. This
should be an ampersand “&” symbol.
Click here to try Again!

22. Adding the Date
Click here

23. Adding the Date
• Add a period after the last authors initial. Follow this a with a
space and the year of publication enclosed in parentheses.
• To cite an organization, put a period at the end of the
organization name, and then add the publication year inside of
parentheses.
• If the author is unknown, add the publication followed by a
period, then add parentheses and enclosed date.
• The closing parenthesis after the date is followed by a period.
Next

24. Title of Periodical or Publication
Click Here

25. Title of Periodical or Publication
The title of a periodical is in “title case”
(or italicized and written as shown in the
journal). It is followed by a comma, then
volume number, and issue number in
parentheses. Follow this with page/s.
There is no space between volume
number and issue number. Page numbers
are written without italics and with a
dash between.
Example:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., &
Author, C. C. (Year). Title of
article.Title of Periodical, volume
number(issue number), pages.
Example:
145-182
Next

26. Journal Article Entries
Rules, capitalization and punctuation
Rules
Article title is in
sentence case.
This means only the
first word and proper
nouns are capitalized
(like you would write a
regular sentence in a
paragraph).
Capitalization
The journal title is
presented in full (as
written in the journal.
Capitalize all major
words in journal titles.
Words such as of, the, a,
and, etc. should not be
capitalized.
Italicize and Punctuate
Maintain existing
journal punctuation.
Italicize periodical and
journal title entries.
End the entry with a
period.
Practice

27. Practice Question 2
Instructions: Choose the citation that demonstrates APA
format for citing volume number, issue number and page number.
a. Bella, B. (2002). The planet of wonders. The Vanity,
(14)2. 8-10.
b. Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New
Criterion, 15(3), 5-13.
c. Larson, D. (2011). Labor intensive work injuries.
Journal of Workmanship. Volume 1(9), 10-12.
d. Emerson, A. (2012). Is jaywalking a crime. Journal of
Criminal Justice, Vol. 13 (6).
Click the box next to the selection for answers and feedback!

28. Practice Question 2
Answer a. is incorrect
Feedback
Answer a:
Answer “a.” is not correct because the volume
number is inside of the parentheses. In APA
format, the issue number is inside parentheses
and volume number is outside.
Click here to try Again!

29. Practice Question 2
Answer b. is Correct!
Feedback
Answer b:
Answer “b” is correct! When journals are paginated (divided) by volume they
start on the first page, and the first issue, and then increase from that point
onward. In this case, the issue # is listed with no parentheses.
Example: Felix, R. F. (1998). Fundamentals of the German
language. Journal of German Studies, 55, 893-896.
When an article is paginated by issue, a new page starts in each new issue of
the journal. In this case, you do surround the issue number with parentheses,
and follow with a comma and then the page number/s. The parentheses and
issue number are not italicized.
Example: Jameson, R. (1996). The art of help. The New Way, 15(3), 5-13.
Next

30. Practice Question 2
Answer c. is incorrect
Feedback
Answer c:
Item “c.” is the incorrect choice because the
word “Volume” is written before the volume
number. This is unnecessary in APA format.
Click here to try Again!

31. Practice Question 2
Answer d. is incorrect
Feedback
Answer d:
Item “d.” is incorrect for a three reasons including the a
comma following the journal title (it should be a period), the
“Vol” preceding the volume number (the volume number
stands alone and is not preceded by words or letters), and the
space in between the volume number and parentheses
surrounding the issue number (there is no space between
volume and issue number in APA).
Click here to try Again!

32. Web Entries
DOI
Click Here
1st
URL
Click Here
2nd

33. Citing a DOI
• A digital object identifier, or DOI, is assigned to an article as
a permanent address. If an article has a DOI, you should
include this after the volume, issue and page numbers.
Example:
Author, A. B., & Author, C. D. (Year). Article title.Title of
Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages.
doi:10:112233445566
Back

34. Citing a URL
• If you cannot find a DOI or there is none assigned and you
accessed the article via a website, use the universal resource
locator or URL of the website from which you are retrieving the
periodical. Add the words “Retrieved from” before a URL entry.
Example: Author, A. B., & Author, C. D. (Year). Article
title.Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages.
http://dx.doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyyy
Do not add a period to the end of a DOI or URL entry. Remove the hyperlink
from any web entries
Practice

35. Practice Question 3
Question: Determine which answer its correct APA
citation for a DOI.
a. Fearon, J. D., & Laitin, D. D. (2003). Ethnicity, Insurgency,
and Civil War. American Political Science Review, 97(01), 75. doi:
10.1017/S0003055403000534
b.Janan, L.B. (2014). Elementary science. Industry in Education,
68(3), 88. doi, 10.1112/R00048973
c. Marchesi, R.O. (2011). Engaged to the war. Politics in
Action, 73,1-12. doi;10.121873/23121
d. Jamesion, L. (2009). Marking off the days. Journal of
Change, 4(8), 8-15. Retrieved from doi:10.25187/3658714.

36. Practice Question 3
Answer a. is Correct!
Feedback
Answer a:
• Answer “a.” is correct! A DOI (digital object identifier), is unique
to an article and is considered a permanent article address
whereas a URL might move or disappear completely from where
it was originally retrieved.
• For this reason, it is thought that a DOI is a more trusted
resources than a URL. When citing a DOI, the acronym should
be all lowercase, followed with a colon and then the DOI address.
You do not follow a DOI with a period.
Example: Journal of Psychophysiology, 20(4), 253-258.
doi:10.1027/0269-8803.20.4.253
Next

37. Practice Question 3
Answer b. or c. is incorrect
Feedback
Answers b or c:
If you chose answer “b.” or “c”. it is incorrect
because there is not a comma or semi-colon
after a DOI, but a colon.
Click here to try Again!

38. Practice Question 3
Answer d. is incorrect
Feedback
Answer d:
Answer “d.” is incorrect because it is not APA
format to precede a “doi” with the words
“Retrieved from” as you would a website URL
(uniform resource locator).
Click here to try Again!

39. General APA Reference Rules
• Use 10-12 pt. Times New Roman
• References list entries are alphabetized by the last name of the
first author of each journal.
• The first letter of the first word of both the title and subtitle are
capitalized.
• The first word following a colon or dash in the title should be
capitalized, as well as proper nouns.
• Separate the title and subtitle with a colon.
• The second word in a hyphenated compound word is not
capitalized.
Next

40. Proper Punctuation and More
Punctuation
&
• Period follows date, title, journal & page numbers.
• Parentheses surround date and issue #
• Capitalize first letter of title, proper nouns and journal title as written
• Add ampersand after comma & before last author name
• Add colon after the letters “doi”
APA Tips
• Italicize journal title
• Do not add a period to end DOI or URL entry
• Add commas between author last names & the period following initials.
• Add comma after vol/issue and before page numbers
• Add one space after each entry, but none between volume and issue.
Next

41. More Journal Specifics
Reviewing Pagination
Paginated by Volume
Remember, journals that are paginated by
volume will begin on page in the first
journal entry and will continue where they
left off in journal entry two. In this case,
you do not need to specify issue number,
but only list the volume number outside of
parentheses, and italicized. This is followed
by a comma and then page numbers.
Example:
Jansen, B. F. (1999). Fundamentals for
jumping from planes. Journal of plane
knowledge, 55, 893-896.
Paginated by Issue
A journal that is paginated by issue begins
each issue with page one. In this case, you
do specify issue number inside of
parentheses after the volume number,
which is not in parentheses. Neither the
issue number or parentheses are italicized.
Example:
Hartman, R. (1996). The development of
power. The New Hope, 15(3), 5-13.
Next

42. APA Video Tutorial
Please click the graphic to watch this brief tutorial to learn more about APA.
After watching, please return to complete the module.
Practice
Click Here!

43. Practice Question 4
Question: Choose the correctly APA formatted, web-based journal article
citation from the given information.
Information for citation: Periodical: Journal of Correctness; Article Title: Punctuation is a
good thing; URL address: http://www.abc.124.com; Issue number: 4; Volume number: 2;
Page numbers 1 to 8; Author/s: James Ramos, Sally Jansen, Martin Helm; Date: 2014
a. James Ramos, Sally Jansen & Martin Helm (2014). Punctuation is a
good thing. Journal of Correctness, 2(4), 1-8. Retrieved from
http://www.abc.124.com
b. Ramos, J., Jansen, S., & Helm, M. (2014). Punctuation is a good thing.
Journal of Correctness, 2(4), 1-8. Retrieved from http://www.abc.124.com
c. R,J., J.S., & H.M. (2014). Punctuation is a good thing. Journal of
Correctness, 2(4), 1-8. Retrieved from http://www.abc.124.com
d. Ramos, J., Jansen, S., and Helm, M. (2014). Punctuation is a good thing.
Journal of Correctness, 2(4), 1-8. Retrieved from http://www.abc.124.com

44. Practice Question 4
Answer a. is incorrect
Feedback
Answer a:
Answer “a.” is incorrect because it lists all
authors by full first and then last name. APA
format dictates that names are inverted and first
names are indicated by an initial only.
Click here to try Again!

45. Practice Question 4
Answer b. is Correct!
Feedback
If you selected “b.” you are correct! When citing journal articles in (APA)
format you are to position author names first, followed by the year of publication
inside of parentheses. This is followed by the title in which only the first letter of
the first word is capitalized (unless there are proper nouns). The italicized journal
title comes directly after the article title. Write the journal article exactly as it
appears (include capital letters).
The journal title is followed by a comma, and then the volume number in
italics. If there is an issue number, it should follow the volume number. The issue
number is inside parentheses, and neither the issue number nor parentheses are
italicized. The issue number is followed by a comma and any page numbers.
If there is no URL or DOI, end the reference with a period. If there is a
URL, follow the period with “Retrieved from” and then add the URL address.
Do not add a period to the end of the address. If there is a DOI, add the
acronym “doi” (all lowercase) after the period following the page number/s and
add a colon after “doi.” Do not add a period to the end of the DOI. These are
the basic steps to identifying or writing a journal reference. Next

46. Practice Question 4
Answer c. is incorrect
Feedback
Answer c:
Answer “c.” is incorrect because both first and
last names are initials. The last name should not
be an initial.
Click here to try Again!

47. Practice Question 4
Answer d. is incorrect
Feedback
Answer d:
Answer “d.” is incorrect because the word
“and” is spelled out between author names. It
should be written with the ampersand “&”
symbol instead.
Click here to try Again!

48. Summary and Wrap Up
• Authors last names are first, followed by initials and then publication year inside of parentheses.
Initials and parentheses are followed by a period, and each author is separated by a comma after
the last name and the period following initials. Authors are ordered in the citation according to
how they appear in the journal.
• The title of the article is in sentence-case, meaning only the first word and proper nouns in the
title are capitalized.
• Volume number is inside parentheses following journal title. Issue number and page number/s
follow volume number and are separated by parentheses. There is no space between volume
number and issue number.
• The periodical title is run in title case, and is followed by the volume number which, with the title,
is also italicized.
• If a DOI has been assigned to the article that you are using, you should include this after the page
numbers for the article.
• If no DOI has been assigned and you are accessing the periodical online, use the URL of the
website from which you are retrieving the periodical. Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C.
C. (Year). Title of article.Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages.
http://dx.doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyyy
• References require a 12 point/Times New Roman font and are listed in alphabetical order using a
hanging indent.
Post-Test

49. Post-Test
What did you learn about referencing journal
articles using APA?
Click Here to Access the post-test and
put your APA knowledge to the test!

50. You Completed the Module!
Well
Done!

51. Instructional Objectives
•(1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 2.0)(CN)In a web-based application, the learner will(B) write the author/s names first using last name
followed by a comma and then first initials followed by a period per (CR)American Psychological Association(APA)
guidelines.
•(1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 2.0) (CN)Given a journal publication, (B) the learner will cite correctly the last authors name with a
period and follow with the date of publication in parentheses followed by a period (CR)in adherence with APA citation
rules. Example (2005).
•(3.0, 3.1)(CN)Given a journal article, (B) the learner will cite year of publication correctly and add the date in
parenthesis (CR) in accordance with APA standards.
•(4.0, 4.1, 4.2) (CN)Using an online web or paper based instructional tool,(B) the learner will list the article title followed
by a period and then only capitalize the first word of the title unless using proper nouns (CR) to align with the APA
style method. Example: Random things you should know about APA.
Objectives 1-4
•(5.0, 5.1) (B) The learner will add a journal title using italicized text (CN) using an online or web based instructional
tool. (B)They will then follow this text with a comma and capitalize the name of the journal article or as written to
(CR) follow APA guidelines.
•(6.0, 7.0, 7.1) (B) The learner will put a comma, add volume number outside parenthesis, and then issue number inside
parenthesis (CN)using a web or paper based method of instruction (CR) to align with APA instructions for journal
citation.
•(8.0, 8.1, 8.2) (B) The learner will insert a comma after issue number and then add page number/s (no parenthesis) and
follow with a period (CN)using a web or paper based instruction to (CR)demonstrate knowledge of APA format.
Example: Random Journal, 33(4), 222-224.
•(9.0, 9.1, 9.2) (B) The learner will demonstrate how to insert doi or website address by using a doi, adding the doi or
website address with the words “Retrieved from” preceding a website address without adding “Retrieved from” before
the doi (CN)using web or paper instruction (CR)per APA format.
•(Termobj) The learner will demonstrate which entry is an example of the correct APA format for a periodical or
journal in an APA citation?
•(Termobj) Choose the citation that demonstrates APA format for citing volume number, issue number and page
number.
Objectives 5-9 & Termobj

52. References
Purdue University (n.d.). Online writing lab. Retrieved
from
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/
17/
Williams College Libraries (n.d.). APA citation style
guide, 6th edition. Retrieved from
http://library.williams.edu/citing/styles/apa.php