This document provides guidelines for citing sources in APA style, including citations for journal articles, books, websites, and media. It lists examples of in-text and reference list citations for various source types, such as journal articles with 1-7 authors, books, book chapters, websites, videos, photos and more. Key rules covered include providing author names, publication years, titles italicized or in quotation marks, publication information, and digital object identifiers or URLs for electronic sources.

1. APA Citation Style Sheet
JOURNALS:
Authors* publication year Article title
Logan, T. K., Walker, R., & Hunt, G. (2009). Understanding human trafficking in the United States.
Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 10(1), 3-30. doi: 10.1177/1524838008327262.
Journal Title* vol. issue pages DOI: Digital Object Identifier *Journal title and volume are italicized.
*Page numbers listed for each type of source correspond to the 6th
edition of the APA Manual.
*The rules outlined for the number of authors apply to all types of citations, not just journal articles (p. 174-184).
*Rules for your reference page: Sources are listed in alphabetical order, the first line of each source should be at
the left margin with the subsequent lines indented one tab space, and the entire reference list should be double-
spaced (see example below and sample reference list on the last 2 pages):
Androff, D. K. (2011). The problem of contemporary slavery: An international human rights challenge for social work. International
Social Work, 54(2), 209-222. doi: 10.1177/0020872810368395.
6th Edition In-text Citations References
Journal, Magazine, and Newspaper Articles (pp. 198-202)
Source Reference Example
Journal article – single author, with
DOI # (p. 174-178, 191, 198)
Androff, D. K. (2011). The problem of contemporary slavery: An international human rights
challenge for social work. International Social Work, 54(2), 209-222. doi:
10.1177/0020872810368395.
In-text Citation: (Androff, 2011).
Journal article – two authors,
shown without DOI # (p. 174-178,
198-199)
Gajic-Veljanoski, O., & Stewart, D. E. (2007). Women trafficked into prostitution:
Determinants, human rights and health needs. Transcultural Psychology, 44(3), 338-358.
In-text Citation: (Gajic-Veljanoski & Stewart, 2007).
Journal article – 3 to 6 authors (p.
174-178, 198-199)
Okech, D., Morreau, W., & Benson, K. (2011). Human trafficking: Improving victim
identification and service provision. International Social Work, 55(4), 488-503.
In-text Citation: (Okech, Morreau, & Benson, 2011) for 1st citation and (Okech et al., 2011)
for subsequent citations.
Journal article – 7 or more authors
(p. 174-178, 198-199)
Lynn, S., Basu, S., Gallagher, A. T., Brennan, D., Shih, E., Lerum, K., … Weitzer, R. (2014).
Selling people. Contexts, 13(1), 16-25.
In-text Citation: (Lynn et al., 2014) for 1st citation AND subsequent citations.
*Include “…” in the reference citation only if there are 8 or more authors.
Magazine article – online (p. 200) Wolfson, E. (2014, November 5). Newsweek to crowdfund investigation into college rape.
Newsweek. Retrieved from http://www.newsweek.com.
In-text Citation: (Wolfson, 2014).
Newsletter article – online, no
author (p. 200)
Unknown suspect wanted for armed robbery. (2014, August 14). San Diego County Crime
Stoppers. Retrieved from
http://www.seattle.gov/police/prevention/newsletter/CPTnewsletter107.pdf.
In-text Citation: (“Unknown Suspect Wanted,” 2014).
Newspaper article – online* (p.
200-201)
Eckholm, E. (2014, November 6). Court upholds marriage ban in 4 states. The New York
Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com.
In-text Citation: (Eckholm, 2014).
Newspaper article – online, no
author (p.200-201)
141 men and girls die in waist factory fire; trapped high up in Washington place building;
street strewn with bodies; piles of dead inside. (1911, March 26). The New York Times.
Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com.
In-text Citation: (“141 Men and Girls,” 1911).
Newspaper article – print,
discontinuous pages (p.200)
Shultz, S. (2005, December, 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country
Today, pp. 1A, 2A.
In-text Citation: (Shultz, 2005).

2. BOOKS:
Authors publication date Book title* edition
Thobaben, R. G, Schagheck, D. M., & Fenderburk, C. (2006). Issues in American political life: Money, violence, and biology (5th ed.). Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Publication Place Publisher *Book title is italicized.
Direct Quotes
- When using a direct quote from a source, you must cite the source (when 40 words or less, cite within the paragraph), using
quotations marks, the last name of the author(s), the year of publication, and the page number, in one of the following formats:
• Pollock (2014) states “gratuities actually help cement relationships between the police department and the public” (p. 180).
• “Gratuities actually help cement relationships between the police department and the public” (Pollock, 2014, p. 180).
*Page numbers are only included in in-text citations when they accompany a direct quote*
- When a direct quote is more than 40 words, omit quotation marks, type quote as its own paragraph, and indent ½ inch from left
margin, and double-space:
Officers who stay and drink coffee with storeowners and businesspeople are better informed than officers who don’t. A gift,
freely given, ties the giver and receiver together in a bond of social reciprocity (Pollock, 2014, p. 180).
Original Sources
- When an author cites someone else’s work, and you cannot find the original source, add, “as cited in” in the parentheses:
• Zimmer’s 1986 study (as cited in Grana, 2002) found that female correctional officers tend to adopt one of three distinct work
styles.
• Female correctional officers tend to adopt one of three distinct work styles (Zimmer, 1986, as cited in Grana, 2002).
- You will only reference the source you use in your reference list:
• Grana, S. J. (2002). Women and (in)justice: The criminal and civil effects of the common law on women’s lives. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Books, Encyclopedias, and Dictionaries (pp.202-205)
Source Reference Example
Books (p. 202-205) Miles, M. B, & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd
ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
In-text Citation: (Miles & Huberman, 1994).
Edited book – no author (p. 184,
202, 204)
Owen, C. J., & Johnston, G. (Eds.). (2004). Public policy analysis: An introduction (3rd ed.). Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
In-text Citation: (Owen & Johnston, 2004).
Article/chapter in edited book –
multiple authors/editors (p. 184,
202-205)
Pollock, J. M., Ross, D., & Lynn, S. (2014). The ethics of punishment and corrections. In L.
Ganster & C. Henderson-Meier (Eds.), Ethical dilemmas in criminal justice (pp. 316-
349). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
In-text Citation: (Pollock, Ross, & Lynn, 2014) for 1st citation and (Pollock et al., 2014) for
subsequent citations.
Book – no author/editor (p. 176,
203, 205)
Merriam-Webster’s dictionary and thesaurus (2nd ed.). (2014). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.
In-text Citation: (Merriam-Webster’s, 2014).
Encyclopedia article (p. 202-205) Newton, M. (2000). Jack the Ripper. In The encyclopedia of serial killers (Vol. 1, pp.112-115).
New York, NY: Checkmark Books.
In-text Citation: (Newton, 2000).
Online Dictionary or reference
work (p. 176, 205)
Community policing. (2014). M. Abdullah & M. Anderson (Eds.). Encyclopedia Britannica.
Retrieved from
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1322866/community-policing.
In-text Citation: (“Community Policing,” 2014).
E-book (p. 203-204)
No pages numbers (p. 171-172)
Brase, C. H., & Brase, C. P. (2012). Understanding basic statistics [Kindle edition version].
Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/Understanding-Basic-Statistics-Charles-
Henry-
ebook/dp/B00B7OLV9C/ref=tmm_kin_title_popover?ie=UTF8&qid=141747096
6&sr=1-23.
In-text Citation: (Brase & Brase, 2012).

3. WEBSITES & MEDIA:
Corporate Author copyright date Website/Web document title Retrieved from URL
National Criminal Justice Association. (2014). Issues and legislation: Victims issues. Retrieved from http://www.ncja.org/issues-and-
legislation/victims-issues. * Website/web document title is italicized.
*When there is no date (n.d.) listed for a website, you would typically use the date you accessed/downloaded the website in
the reference and in-text citations, but be sure to ask your professor for his or her specific preferences.
Websites and Web Documents (pp. 211-215)
Source Reference Example
Web page (p. 212) Lynch, J. (2014). Computer crime & intellectual property section. Retrieved from
http://www.justice.gov/criminal/cybercrime/
In-text Citation: (Lynch, 2014).
Web page – university site/institutional
archive (p. 206)
Grand Valley State University (2013). 2013-14 Student code. Retrieved from
http://www.gvsu.edu/cms3/assets/9D2A2575-E714-D460-
260B2718F0B2BB65/2013-14_32170_gvsu_student_textsm_for_web.pdf.
In-text citation: (Grand Valley State University [GVSU], 2013, p. 3) for 1st citation
and (GVSU, 2013) for subsequent citations.
Wiki entry – no author, no date* (p. 192,
p. 205)
Nuremberg trials. (2014, November 14). In crimes against humanity wiki. Retrieved from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity.
In-text Citation: (Nuremberg Trials, 2014).
Blog post (p. 215)
*Blog post titles are not italicized like
other web document titles are.
Grabel, S. (2014, November 25). Former Atlanta Falcons RB Arrested on Charge of
DUI [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.michigancriminallawyers-
blog.com/2014/11/former-atlanta-falcons-rb-arrested-charge-dui.html.
In-text Citation: (Grabel, 2014).
Media (pp. 209-215)
Source Reference Example
Video clip – with author name (p. 215) Lyon, A. [(2012, March 19). Child sex trafficking on the internet: "Selling the girl next
door" documentary [Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFRZ1NDR0Rc.
In-text Citation: (Lyon, 2012).
Video clip – with screen name only (p.
215)
Rosenfarb. (2012, October 11). White collar crime report: Infamous white collar
criminals [Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zns7eTi1gj0.
In-text Citation: (Rosenfarb, 2012).
Documentary – video or DVD (p.209) Beckett, L. [Producer], & Angeles, C. [Director]. (2014). A crime to remember [Motion
Picture]. United States: Xcon Production.
In-text Citation: (Beckett & Angeles, 2014).
Photo or electronic image (p. 209, 214) Slammer Family (2013). Letter balm: When words fail you, we won’t. Retrieved from
http://letterbalm.com/2014/09/24/toxic-family/.
In-text Citation: (Slammer Family, 2013).
Audio clip – podcast (p. 209-210) Martin, R. (Producer). (2014, November 30). Why colleges adjudicate their own campus crimes
[Audio podcast]. Retrieved from
http://www.npr.org/rss/podcast.php?id=510282.
In-text Citation: (Martin, 2014).
Press Release/Issue Brief (p. 204) Center for Disease Control. (2014, November). CDC’s response to Ebola is the largest
international outbreak response in CDC’s history. (Issue Brief No. 123). Atlanta,
GA: Tom Frieden.
In-text Citation: (Center for Disease Control [CDC], 2014) for 1st citation and (CDC,
2014) for subsequent citations.

4. MISC. SOURCES:
*There are high and low courts at the state and federal level, each may have its own rules for citing sources, refer to the 6th
edition of the APA manual, The Bluebook for legal citations, or ask your professor for proper citation guidelines.
*The reference manual for legal citations is called The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation. It is published by the Harvard Law
Review to provide proper citations for sources, such as legal cases, court decisions, and law journal articles. More information can be
found at: http://www.law.cornell.edu/citation/ or ask your friendly neighborhood legal studies professor!
*Rules for course materials and personal communications are an interpretation of APA citation formats, so ask your professor!
*Articles accessed through blackboard should be cited according to its original source.
Government Documents and Research Reports (pp. 205-206)
Source Reference Example
Government document/research report
(p. 205)
Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2008). Serial Murder. Retrieved from
http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/serial-murder/serial-murder-
july-2008-pdf.
In-text Citation: (Federal Bureau of Investigation [FBI], 2008) for 1st citation, (FBI,
2008) for subsequent citations.
Law-Related Sources (pp. 216-224)
Source Reference Examples
Law Journal articles – APA format (p.
198-202)
Coenen, D. T. (1991). The constitutional case against intracircuit nonacquiescence.
Minnesota Law Review, 75, 1339-1379.
In-text Citation: (Coenen, 1991).
State Court Cases – APA format (p. 217-
224)
People v. Marsack, 231 Mich. App. 364 (1998).
In-text Citation: (People v. Marscack, 1998).
Federal Court Cases – APA format (p.
217-224).
Floyd v. City of New York, 861 F. Supp. 2d 274 (S.D.N.Y. 2012).
In-text Citation: (Floyd v. City of New York, 2012).
U.S. Supreme Court Cases – APA
format (p. 217-224).
Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 1081 (1967).
In-text Citation: (Mapp v. Ohio, 1967).
Statutes or Legislative Acts – APA
format (p. 217-224).
Mich. Comp. Laws. Ann. §§ 600.1307(a) (West 2009).
In-text Citation: (Mich. Comp. Laws. §600.1307(a), 2009).
Course Materials and Personal Communication (pp.213-215*)
Source Reference Examples
Lecture notes – posted on blackboard Youker, B. (2014). Class 11 lecture notes: Researcher’s voice and integrating diverse
populations [Lecture notes]. Retrieved from
https://mybb.gvsu.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_1_
1.
In-text Citation: (Youker, 2014).
PowerPoint presentation – posted on
blackboard
Youker, B. (2014). Class 3: Research ethics [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from
https://mybb.gvsu.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_1_
1.
In-text Citation: (Youker, 2014).
Class handout – posted on blackboard Walsh, J. (2014). Final exam essay questions [Class handout]. Retrieved from
https://mybb.gvsu.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_1_
1.
In-text Citation: (Walsh, 2014).
Discussion board post – on blackboard Kingshott, B. (2014). Forum 1: Integrity, wisdom, and character [Discussion board
comment]. Retrieved from
https://mybb.gvsu.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_1_
1.
In-text Citation: (Kingshott, 2014).
Personal Communication – Interviews,
letters, memos, and emails
In-text Citation: (D. Ross, personal communication, October 25, 2014).
*Do not cite personal communications in your references, they are in-text citations
only.

5. References
Androff, D. K. (2011). The problem of contemporary slavery: An international human rights challenge for social work. International Social Work,
54(2), 209-222. doi: 10.1177/0020872810368395.
Beckett, L. [Producer], & Angeles, C. [Director]. (2014). A crime to remember [Motion Picture]. United States: Xcon Production.
Brase, C. H., & Brase, C. P. (2012). Understanding basic statistics [Kindle edition version]. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/Understanding-
Basic-Statistics-Charles-Henry-ebook/dp/B00B7OLV9C/ref=tmm_kin_title_popover?ie=UTF8&qid=1417470966&sr=1-23.
Center for Disease Control. (2014, November). CDC’s response to Ebola is the largest international outbreak response in CDC’s history. (Issue Brief No. 123).
Atlanta, GA: Tom Frieden.
Coenen, D. T. (1991). The constitutional case against intracircuit nonacquiescence. Minnesota Law Review, 75, 1339-1379.
Community policing. (2014). M. Abdullah & M. Anderson (Eds.). Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1322866/community-policing.
Eckholm, E. (2014, November 6). Court upholds marriage ban in 4 states. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com.
Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2008). Serial Murder. Retrieved from http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/serial-murder/serial-murder-
july-2008-pdf.
Floyd v. City of New York, 861 F. Supp. 2d 274 (S.D.N.Y. 2012).
Gajic-Veljanoski, O., & Stewart, D. E. (2007). Women trafficked into prostitution: Determinants, human rights and health needs. Transcultural
Psychology, 44(3), 338-358.
Grabel, S. (2014, November 25). Former Atlanta Falcons RB Arrested on Charge of DUI [Web log post]. Retrieved from
http://www.michigancriminallawyers-blog.com/2014/11/former-atlanta-falcons-rb-arrested-charge-dui.html.
Grana, S. J. (2002). Women and (in)justice: The criminal and civil effects of the common law on women’s lives. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Grand Valley State University (2013). 2013-14 Student code. Retrieved from http://www.gvsu.edu/cms3/assets/9D2A2575-E714-D460-
260B2718F0B2BB65/2013-14_32170_gvsu_student_textsm_for_web.pdf.
Kingshott, B. (2014). Forum 1: Integrity, wisdom, and character [Discussion board comment]. Retrieved from
https://mybb.gvsu.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_1_1.
Logan, T. K., Walker, R., & Hunt, G. (2009). Understanding human trafficking in the United States.
Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 10(1), 3-30. doi: 10.1177/1524838008327262.
Lynch, J. (2014). Computer crime & intellectual property section. Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/criminal/cybercrime/.
Lynn, S., Basu, S., Gallagher, A. T., Brennan, D., Shih, E., Lerum, K., … Weitzer, R. (2014). Selling people. Contexts, 13(1), 16-25.
Lyon, A. [(2012, March 19). Child sex trafficking on the internet: "Selling the girl next door" documentary [Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFRZ1NDR0Rc.
Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 1081 (1967).
Martin, R. (Producer). (2014, November 30). Why colleges adjudicate their own campus crimes [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from
http://www.npr.org/rss/podcast.php?id=510282.
Merriam-Webster’s dictionary and thesaurus (2nd Ed.). (2014). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.

6. Mich. Comp. Laws. Ann. §§ 600.1307(a) (West 2009).
Miles, M. B, & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
National Criminal Justice Association. (2014). Issues and legislation: Victims issues. Retrieved from http://www.ncja.org/issues-and-
legislation/victims-issues.
Newton, M. (2000). Jack the Ripper. In The encyclopedia of serial killers (Vol. 1, pp.112-115). New York, NY: Checkmark Books.
Nuremberg trials. (2014, November 14). In crimes against humanity wiki. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity.
Okech, D., Morreau, W., & Benson, K. (2011). Human trafficking: Improving victim identification and service provision. International Social Work,
55(4), 488-503.
141 men and girls die in waist factory fire; trapped high up in Washington place building; street strewn with bodies; piles of dead inside. (1911,
March 26). The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com.
Owen, C. J., & Johnston, G. (Eds.). (2004). Public policy analysis: An introduction (3rd Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
People v. Marsack, 231 Mich. App. 364 (1998).
Pollock, J. M., Ross, D., & Lynn, S. (2014). The ethics of punishment and corrections. In L. Ganster & C. Henderson-Meier (Eds.), Ethical dilemmas
in criminal justice (pp. 316-349). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Rosenfarb. (2012, October 11). White collar crime report: Infamous white collar criminals [Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zns7eTi1gj0.
Shultz, S. (2005, December, 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today, pp. 1A, 2A.
Slammer Family (2013). Letter balm: When words fail you, we won’t. Retrieved from http://letterbalm.com/2014/09/24/toxic-family/.
Thobaben, R. G, Schagheck, D. M., & Fenderburk, C. (2006). Issues in American political life: Money, violence, and biology (5th ed.). Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Unknown suspect wanted for armed robbery. (2014, August 14). San Diego County Crime Stoppers. Retrieved from
http://www.seattle.gov/police/prevention/newsletter/CPTnewsletter107.pdf
Walsh, J. (2014). Final exam essay questions [Class handout]. Retrieved from
https://mybb.gvsu.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_1_1.
Wolfson, E. (2014, November 5). Newsweek to crowdfund investigation into college rape. Newsweek. Retrieved from http://www.newsweek.com.
Youker, B. (2014a). Class 11 lecture notes: Researcher’s voice and integrating diverse populations [Lecture notes]. Retrieved from
https://mybb.gvsu.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_1_1.
Youker, B. (2014b). Class 3: Research ethics [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from
https://mybb.gvsu.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_1_1.
*Margins have been expanded and font sizes have been minimized in this worksheet
to fit all of the information in a minimal number of pages.
Be sure to follow directions from your instructor when formatting your papers.