The document provides definitions and summaries of key terms and Supreme Court cases related to the US judicial system. It describes Brown v. Board of Education which ruled that separate educational facilities for black and white students were unequal. It also outlines terms like amicus curiae, judicial review, and the different levels and types of courts in the US system.

1. By: Chris Nino Sarah Shafer Kendal Habegger 1 st period

2. Brown v. Board of Education 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Case ruled by Justice Earl Warren “ Separate is inherently unequal” Allowed integration in schools

3. Sonya Sotomayor 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue A current justice of the Supreme Court Nominated and confirmed in 2010 First Latina justice

4. Amicus curiae 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue This allows lawyers to argue their briefs in front of the Supreme Court Phrase used heavily by interest groups Means “friend of the court”

5. Judicial Review 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue About 60 nations have something resembling this In contrast, Parliament is supreme in Britain Right of the federal courts to declare laws unconstitutional

6. Strict-Constructionist Approach 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Judge should only judge Confine judges to applying rules only in the constitution A conservative approach to the courts

7. District Courts 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue At least one per state They don’t hear appeals; original jurisdiction A type of court that serves as a trial court at the federal level

8. Court of Appeals 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Congress created this in 1891 and there are 13 Created to help lessen the workload of the Supreme Court They have the appellate jurisdiction

9. Writ of Certiorari 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Requires the need to interpret law Directs a lower court to set up the records of a case Means “made more certain”

10. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Court ruled against the use of quotas This case upheld the legality of affirmative action This case had to deal with the University of California

11. John Jay 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Was the justice for Chilsolm v. Georgia I was the first Supreme Court Justice I helped write the Federalist Papers

12. Certificate 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Lower court asks supreme court about a rule of law in specific cases This could be used if a lower court needs guidance A type of document

13. United States v. Lopez 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Court case that occurred in 1995 Violation of the commerce clause Federal Gun-Free School Zone Act was declared unconstitutional

14. Majority Opinion 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue When this happens the Chief Justice selects who will write the opinion The judges agree The majority of the justices agree on the decisions and its reasons

15. Concurring Opinion 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue A type of belief Same opinion as the majority but different reasoning Opinion where justices end up agreeing

16. Dissenting Opinion 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Disagree What justices do A justice or justices who disagree with the majority opinion

17. Executive Privilege 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Withholding information A right of the President Right of the President to withhold information from Congress or refuse to testify

18. Warren Earl Burger 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue His term was from 1969-1986 He was chief justice for Roe v. Wade and US v. Nixon His last name makes me hungry 

19. Roe v. Wade 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue This had to do with the Burger Court This case ruled that Nixon did not have executive privilege Permitted abortions

20. Judicial Activism 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue This philosophy advocates applying the Constitution to social and political questions Court should play an active role in determining national policies Another term for judicial intervention

21. Judicial Restraint 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Philosophy that court should avoid taking initiative Court should operate strictly within the limits of the Constitution Limited use of judicial powers

22. Thurgood Marshall 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Nominated by President Lyndon B Johnson A revolution for the Supreme Court First African American to serve on the Supreme Court

23. Dual Court System 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue The nature of the court system Shared power of the national and state governments The distinction of state and federal courts that make up the judicial branch of government

24. Constitutional Court 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Congress created these A type of federal level court Formed to carry out the direction in the Constitution for the courts to exercise judicial power

25. Special Courts 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Created by Congress Type of federal level curt that deals with military appeals, tax appeals, and veteran appeals Deals with cases deriving from the delegated powers of Congress

26. Judiciary Act 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Occurred in 1789 First major organizational act of Congress Lead to the creation of district courts

27. Precedents 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue A standard of guide Followed by future cases Guides to be followed in deciding similar cases in the future

28. Senatorial Courtesy 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Used because of the large number of appointments Used to approve or disapprove potential nominees Allowing individual senators to approve of nominees

29. Stare Decisis 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Court won’t change their mind Case is decided based on previous decision Means “let the decision stand”

30. Bush v. Gore 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue Case in 2000 with a historic 5-4 decision The Rehnquist majority ruled that Florida’s Supreme Court erred when calling for a recount Result awarded Florida’s electors to G.W. Bush

31. The Supreme Court 3 point clue 2 point clue 1 point clue A type of federal jurisdiction 9 members Decide constitutionality