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The document is about the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure. It provides his name and identifies him as a Swiss linguist, but provides no other details about him or his work.
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STRUCTURALISM & POST-STRUCTURALISM
This document provides an overview of structuralism and post-structuralism in cultural theory. It discusses key thinkers including Ferdinand de Saussure, Roland Barthes, Claude Levi-Strauss, and Will Wright. It examines how structuralism views language and meaning as defined by relationships and differences. Post-structuralism rejects the idea of an underlying structure determining meaning, arguing that meaning is constantly evolving. Theorists like Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault are discussed in relation to how they viewed binaries, discourse, and power.
Post-structuralism and deconstruction
Post-structuralism emerged in the 1960s as a response to structuralism. It focuses on examining sources of meaning beyond the author, such as readers and cultural norms. Key figures include Roland Barthes, who argued the author is not the prime source of a text's meaning, and Jacques Derrida, who proposed theoretical limitations to structuralism. Post-structuralism differs from structuralism in its philosophical origins, emphasis on language as unstable rather than orderly, and aim to question assumptions rather than establish truth. Deconstruction examines how meanings play in language and change over contexts to understand silenced voices.
Post structuralism
This document provides an overview of post-structuralism and key related concepts and thinkers. It discusses Ferdinand de Saussure's concepts of the signifier and signified. It also explains Jacques Derrida's work deconstructing structuralism and challenging the idea of a stable center or meaning. Finally, it outlines the contributions of other post-structuralist thinkers like Roland Barthes, Jacques Lacan, Paul de Man, and Michel Foucault in developing concepts like intertextuality, the author's death, and dismantling binary oppositions.
Post Structuralism
The document discusses several key concepts from post-structuralism and how they relate to writers, readers, and meaning. It argues that 1) writers are constituted by their texts and the social meanings embedded within language, rather than being original owners of meaning, 2) readers are active interpreters of texts rather than passive receivers of meaning from an author, and 3) meaning is unstable, deferred, and arises from the differences between signs rather than being directly present or fully contained within any single sign.
Poststructuralism literary criticism
This document discusses post-structuralism and provides examples of its application. It begins by defining post-structuralism as studying how knowledge is produced and critiquing structuralist assumptions, arguing that history and culture influence interpretations. It notes post-structuralism is less defined as a single movement than structuralism. The document then gives two literary examples - a poem about a black rose questioning social perceptions, and a poem using an ocean metaphor for a family - to demonstrate post-structuralist analysis focusing on reader interpretation over authorial intent.
Structuralism and Post Structuralism
This document discusses structuralism and post-structuralism in literary and film theory. Structuralism identifies narrative codes and patterns within genres, and sees the director as the author whose work reflects their themes. Post-structuralism challenges the idea that a text has one meaning, downplays the author's role, and believes meanings float and are interpreted differently by audiences. It emphasizes deconstruction and that the relationship between signs and meanings is arbitrary.
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This PowerPoint goes through what structuralism and post structuralism is, and how it relates to Media Studies.
Gerard genette's structuralism & literary criticism
This document discusses Gerard Genette's structuralism and its application to literary criticism. It introduces key concepts of structuralist criticism like langue and parole, and examines how structuralism views literature as a sign system that can be analyzed using linguistic models. It outlines some of the major structuralist critics like Roland Barthes, Gerard Genette, and Tzvetan Todorov and how structuralism opposes expressive and mimetic criticism by examining the systematic dimensions of a text rather than its actual meaning. The document also discusses concepts from narratology like story versus narrative, narrating versus narration, and techniques like analepsis, prolepsis, diegesis, and mimesis.
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STRUCTURALISM & POST-STRUCTURALISM
This document provides an overview of structuralism and post-structuralism in cultural theory. It discusses key thinkers including Ferdinand de Saussure, Roland Barthes, Claude Levi-Strauss, and Will Wright. It examines how structuralism views language and meaning as defined by relationships and differences. Post-structuralism rejects the idea of an underlying structure determining meaning, arguing that meaning is constantly evolving. Theorists like Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault are discussed in relation to how they viewed binaries, discourse, and power.
Post-structuralism and deconstruction
Post-structuralism emerged in the 1960s as a response to structuralism. It focuses on examining sources of meaning beyond the author, such as readers and cultural norms. Key figures include Roland Barthes, who argued the author is not the prime source of a text's meaning, and Jacques Derrida, who proposed theoretical limitations to structuralism. Post-structuralism differs from structuralism in its philosophical origins, emphasis on language as unstable rather than orderly, and aim to question assumptions rather than establish truth. Deconstruction examines how meanings play in language and change over contexts to understand silenced voices.
Post structuralism
This document provides an overview of post-structuralism and key related concepts and thinkers. It discusses Ferdinand de Saussure's concepts of the signifier and signified. It also explains Jacques Derrida's work deconstructing structuralism and challenging the idea of a stable center or meaning. Finally, it outlines the contributions of other post-structuralist thinkers like Roland Barthes, Jacques Lacan, Paul de Man, and Michel Foucault in developing concepts like intertextuality, the author's death, and dismantling binary oppositions.
Post Structuralism
The document discusses several key concepts from post-structuralism and how they relate to writers, readers, and meaning. It argues that 1) writers are constituted by their texts and the social meanings embedded within language, rather than being original owners of meaning, 2) readers are active interpreters of texts rather than passive receivers of meaning from an author, and 3) meaning is unstable, deferred, and arises from the differences between signs rather than being directly present or fully contained within any single sign.
Poststructuralism literary criticism
This document discusses post-structuralism and provides examples of its application. It begins by defining post-structuralism as studying how knowledge is produced and critiquing structuralist assumptions, arguing that history and culture influence interpretations. It notes post-structuralism is less defined as a single movement than structuralism. The document then gives two literary examples - a poem about a black rose questioning social perceptions, and a poem using an ocean metaphor for a family - to demonstrate post-structuralist analysis focusing on reader interpretation over authorial intent.
Structuralism and Post Structuralism
This document discusses structuralism and post-structuralism in literary and film theory. Structuralism identifies narrative codes and patterns within genres, and sees the director as the author whose work reflects their themes. Post-structuralism challenges the idea that a text has one meaning, downplays the author's role, and believes meanings float and are interpreted differently by audiences. It emphasizes deconstruction and that the relationship between signs and meanings is arbitrary.
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This PowerPoint goes through what structuralism and post structuralism is, and how it relates to Media Studies.
Gerard genette's structuralism & literary criticism
This document discusses Gerard Genette's structuralism and its application to literary criticism. It introduces key concepts of structuralist criticism like langue and parole, and examines how structuralism views literature as a sign system that can be analyzed using linguistic models. It outlines some of the major structuralist critics like Roland Barthes, Gerard Genette, and Tzvetan Todorov and how structuralism opposes expressive and mimetic criticism by examining the systematic dimensions of a text rather than its actual meaning. The document also discusses concepts from narratology like story versus narrative, narrating versus narration, and techniques like analepsis, prolepsis, diegesis, and mimesis.
Literary theory 101 with notes
This document provides an overview of several literary theories:
Formalist theory focuses only on the language and elements of the text without considering context. New historicism views history broadly and sees texts as products of social constructs rather than just backdrops. Archetypal criticism sees recurring mythic patterns and archetypes influencing literature. Reader response theory examines how readers interpret and make meaning from texts. Race theory analyzes representations of race/ethnicity and their social implications. Marxist, feminist, and gender/sexual orientation theories view art and literature as political and examine themes of power structures, gender roles, and sexual orientation.
Comparative study of structuralism & deconstruction
Structuralism analyzes large systems by examining the smallest elements and their relations. It originated from Saussure's linguistics and was applied to literature by critics like Barthes. Structuralists believe texts function as sign systems and can be understood through techniques like dissection and analysis of binary oppositions. However, it is criticized as being static and ignoring individual works.
Deconstruction, initiated by Derrida, challenges assumptions of Structuralism through concepts like différance and by dissolving binary oppositions. It argues meaning is deferred and ambiguous. While related to Structuralism, Deconstruction rejects the view of texts as closed systems and emphasizes ambiguity and multiple interpretations over identifying patterns. Both aim to understand deep meanings but have
Post structuralism and postmodernism
Post-structuralism emerged in the late 1960s as a theoretical approach that questioned structuralism. It was influenced by French theorists including Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Jacques Lacan, Julia Kristeva, and Roland Barthes. These theorists revealed how language, concepts, and social structures depend on elements they seek to exclude. Derrida in particular showed how meaning is unstable and dependent on difference rather than a direct link between signifier and signified. Postmodernism built on post-structuralism by further questioning truth claims and grand narratives. Theorists examined how power shapes knowledge and marginalizes groups.
Jacques Derrida & post structuralism
Jacques Derrida was a French philosopher born in 1930 in Algeria. He is known for developing the concept of deconstruction, which critiques philosophical assumptions about language, meaning, and experience. Some key points about Derrida's life and works include that he was influenced by philosophers like Nietzsche, Wittgenstein, and Husserl. He taught at the University of Paris and co-founded the Collège International de Philosophie. His influential works published in the 1960s helped establish post-structuralism and deconstruction. Derrida argued that meaning is dependent on context and language cannot achieve absolute truth or escape its own limits.
Levi Strauss and structuralism
Claude Lévi-Strauss was a founder of structuralism in anthropology. He sought to understand the underlying patterns and structures of human thought by studying myths, kinship systems, and other cultural phenomena. He was inspired by structural linguistics and believed that relations within cultural systems form structures, just as phonemes form structures in language. Lévi-Strauss analyzed kinship systems and argued they are representations of alliances between groups rather than facts, with incest prohibitions allowing the circulation of women between groups. He also broke myths down into fundamental units called mythemes and studied their universal structures. Structuralism aimed to establish anthropology as a true science of mankind and understand culture through universal laws governing relations within systems
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This document provides an overview of post-structuralism and how it differs from structuralism. It emerged in France in the 1960s as a critique of structuralism. Post-structuralism holds that studying underlying structures is culturally conditioned and subject to biases. It focuses on how systems of knowledge produce objects and meanings rather than discovering fixed meanings. Prominent post-structuralist thinkers included Derrida, Foucault, Barthes, and Kristeva. Derrida criticized structuralism for assuming a fixed center that organizes structure. Post-structuralism emphasizes the instability of meaning and the role of the reader in interpreting texts rather than the author's intended meaning.
Jonathan Culler on Literary Theory
1. The document reviews Jonathan Culler's book "Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction" which provides a concise overview of key concepts and approaches in literary theory.
2. Literary theory examines the concept of "literariness" and how theories of representation relate to theories of reality. It has applications across various academic and professional fields.
3. Culler outlines the major areas, topics, and themes that constitute different approaches to literary theory in an accessible way for readers new to the subject. He examines concepts like structural linguistics, narrative theory, speech-act theory, deconstruction, and theories of subjectivity.
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Hello Friends This is my Presentation about Structuralism and Literary Criticism by Gerard Genette.
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Claude levi strauss
Claude Levi Strauss was a structuralist anthropologist whose work influenced semiotics. He emphasized structuring oppositions in myths and language. He believed that all meaning is based on binary oppositions or conflicts between two opposing qualities or terms. He was less interested in the order of events and instead looked for deeper themes beneath the surface. He analyzed systematic oppositions in narratives and applied this theory to Western genres in the 1970s. Narratives are based on resolving oppositional forces, and position the audience to justify their own cultural values.
Deconstruction
Deconstruction is a philosophical and literary theory that challenges traditional interpretations of texts by questioning assumptions about meaning, identity, and language. It aims to undermine systems of thought based on stable concepts of self, world, and meaning. Jacques Derrida developed these ideas and conducted deconstructive readings of many thinkers, showing how meaning depends on linguistic and conceptual relationships rather than correspondence to external realities.
Deconstruction
Post-structuralism reacted against the perceived authoritarianism of structuralism. It asserts that language is ambiguous and meanings change, so texts can contain contradictory meanings. Deconstructionists are interested in what lies beneath the surface of a text and the world's influence on a text. They believe meanings are actively created by readers rather than resolved, and inconsistencies may undermine dominant readings. Jacques Derrida introduced deconstruction and aimed to destabilize hierarchies in binary oppositions that privilege one term over another.
Claude Levi-Strauss
Claude Levi-Strauss was a renowned 20th century French anthropologist and philosopher known for establishing structuralism. He studied myths from diverse cultures and found they shared more similarities than differences, with humans making sense of the world through binary oppositions. Levi-Strauss emphasized the importance of binary structures in myth systems and language. He believed that underlying all meaning-making and social life were reconciliations of common binary opposites, showing that patterns of human thought are fundamentally the same across societies.
Structuralism
The document discusses the emergence and key ideas of New Criticism in the 1920s-1930s. New Critics such as Cleanth Brooks, Robert Penn Warren, and John Crowe Ransom privileged poetry as having an organic unity and counteracting industrialization. They defined poetry through its formal structure and warned against reducing poems to thematic statements. Structuralism emerged and viewed meaning as deriving from timeless, universal structures within sign systems. Claude Levi-Strauss applied structuralism to anthropology and examined cultural concepts like totems and taboos. Lacan later reworked Freudian psychoanalysis using structuralist concepts like the real, imaginary, and symbolic orders and introduced ideas like the mirror stage.
Claude Levi Strauss
Claude Levi-Strauss was a highly influential 20th century French anthropologist who founded the structuralist school of anthropology. He applied structural analysis to family relations and belief systems, arguing they are made up of interconnected parts. After studying law and teaching sociology in Brazil, he became a professor of anthropology in France, writing extensively on structural theory and its application to myth, ritual and kinship.
Derrida’s post structuralism
Derrida developed the concept of deconstruction as a form of textual analysis. It focuses on how language and texts have multiple meanings due to differences in interpretation over time and space. Derrida argued that searching for a single fixed meaning in a text is misguided, as the unstable nature of signs and language means meanings are deferred and undecidable. His work challenged structuralism and emphasized how language constructs reality rather than reflects it. Deconstruction remains influential in literary theory by examining silences and absences in texts.
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This document outlines a presentation on rhetoric and theory. It discusses rhetoric as a techne or method according to Aristotle. It then examines rhetoric as a discipline and method according to Covino and Jolliffe. Next, it explores rhetoric's historical superficiality and critiques. It analyzes the work of Roland Barthes and Group Mu positioning semiology at rhetoric's deathbed. It also summarizes Bender and Wellbery's concept of "rhetoricality" and the modernist return of rhetoric. Finally, it considers whether post-theory involves characteristics of rhetoricality through entangled theoretical and rhetorical work with reflexivity.
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This document provides an overview of several key concepts in literary theory, including structuralism, post-structuralism, psychoanalytic theory, Lacanian theory, and the theory of deconstruction. It discusses major proponents of these theories such as Derrida, Foucault, Kristeva, and Lacan. Key aspects of deconstruction outlined include the literary and philosophical aspects, logocentrism, metaphysics of presence, différance, and arche-writing. Foucault's ideas around power/knowledge and different types of power are also summarized.
Unit 9, ENGLISH IV CODE NO 6471
This document provides an overview of modern trends in literature, outlining various literary theories and approaches that have developed over time. It discusses traditional literary theory and how formalism and new criticism challenged this approach. It then explains key concepts from structuralism, post-structuralism, deconstructionism, Marxism, psychoanalysis, feminism and other contemporary approaches. The role of the reader in interpreting texts is also addressed.
Literary theory 101 with notes
This document provides an overview of several literary theories:
Formalist theory focuses only on the language and elements of the text without considering context. New historicism views history broadly and sees texts as products of social constructs rather than just backdrops. Archetypal criticism sees recurring mythic patterns and archetypes influencing literature. Reader response theory examines how readers interpret and make meaning from texts. Race theory analyzes representations of race/ethnicity and their social implications. Marxist, feminist, and gender/sexual orientation theories view art and literature as political and examine themes of power structures, gender roles, and sexual orientation.
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Literary theory 101 with notes
This document provides an overview of several literary theories:
Formalist theory focuses only on the language and elements of the text without considering context. New historicism views history broadly and sees texts as products of social constructs rather than just backdrops. Archetypal criticism sees recurring mythic patterns and archetypes influencing literature. Reader response theory examines how readers interpret and make meaning from texts. Race theory analyzes representations of race/ethnicity and their social implications. Marxist, feminist, and gender/sexual orientation theories view art and literature as political and examine themes of power structures, gender roles, and sexual orientation.
Comparative study of structuralism & deconstruction
Structuralism analyzes large systems by examining the smallest elements and their relations. It originated from Saussure's linguistics and was applied to literature by critics like Barthes. Structuralists believe texts function as sign systems and can be understood through techniques like dissection and analysis of binary oppositions. However, it is criticized as being static and ignoring individual works.
Deconstruction, initiated by Derrida, challenges assumptions of Structuralism through concepts like différance and by dissolving binary oppositions. It argues meaning is deferred and ambiguous. While related to Structuralism, Deconstruction rejects the view of texts as closed systems and emphasizes ambiguity and multiple interpretations over identifying patterns. Both aim to understand deep meanings but have
Post structuralism and postmodernism
Post-structuralism emerged in the late 1960s as a theoretical approach that questioned structuralism. It was influenced by French theorists including Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Jacques Lacan, Julia Kristeva, and Roland Barthes. These theorists revealed how language, concepts, and social structures depend on elements they seek to exclude. Derrida in particular showed how meaning is unstable and dependent on difference rather than a direct link between signifier and signified. Postmodernism built on post-structuralism by further questioning truth claims and grand narratives. Theorists examined how power shapes knowledge and marginalizes groups.
Jacques Derrida & post structuralism
Jacques Derrida was a French philosopher born in 1930 in Algeria. He is known for developing the concept of deconstruction, which critiques philosophical assumptions about language, meaning, and experience. Some key points about Derrida's life and works include that he was influenced by philosophers like Nietzsche, Wittgenstein, and Husserl. He taught at the University of Paris and co-founded the Collège International de Philosophie. His influential works published in the 1960s helped establish post-structuralism and deconstruction. Derrida argued that meaning is dependent on context and language cannot achieve absolute truth or escape its own limits.
Levi Strauss and structuralism
Claude Lévi-Strauss was a founder of structuralism in anthropology. He sought to understand the underlying patterns and structures of human thought by studying myths, kinship systems, and other cultural phenomena. He was inspired by structural linguistics and believed that relations within cultural systems form structures, just as phonemes form structures in language. Lévi-Strauss analyzed kinship systems and argued they are representations of alliances between groups rather than facts, with incest prohibitions allowing the circulation of women between groups. He also broke myths down into fundamental units called mythemes and studied their universal structures. Structuralism aimed to establish anthropology as a true science of mankind and understand culture through universal laws governing relations within systems
Post Structuralism
This document provides an overview of post-structuralism and how it differs from structuralism. It emerged in France in the 1960s as a critique of structuralism. Post-structuralism holds that studying underlying structures is culturally conditioned and subject to biases. It focuses on how systems of knowledge produce objects and meanings rather than discovering fixed meanings. Prominent post-structuralist thinkers included Derrida, Foucault, Barthes, and Kristeva. Derrida criticized structuralism for assuming a fixed center that organizes structure. Post-structuralism emphasizes the instability of meaning and the role of the reader in interpreting texts rather than the author's intended meaning.
Jonathan Culler on Literary Theory
1. The document reviews Jonathan Culler's book "Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction" which provides a concise overview of key concepts and approaches in literary theory.
2. Literary theory examines the concept of "literariness" and how theories of representation relate to theories of reality. It has applications across various academic and professional fields.
3. Culler outlines the major areas, topics, and themes that constitute different approaches to literary theory in an accessible way for readers new to the subject. He examines concepts like structural linguistics, narrative theory, speech-act theory, deconstruction, and theories of subjectivity.
Paper 7
Hello Friends This is my Presentation about Structuralism and Literary Criticism by Gerard Genette.
How to Deconstruct a Text?
This presentation aims to help students in applying deconstructionism in reading a literary text. It provides some easy insights to help students in deconstructing a literary text, advertisement, film, image etc.
Claude levi strauss
Claude Levi Strauss was a structuralist anthropologist whose work influenced semiotics. He emphasized structuring oppositions in myths and language. He believed that all meaning is based on binary oppositions or conflicts between two opposing qualities or terms. He was less interested in the order of events and instead looked for deeper themes beneath the surface. He analyzed systematic oppositions in narratives and applied this theory to Western genres in the 1970s. Narratives are based on resolving oppositional forces, and position the audience to justify their own cultural values.
Deconstruction
Deconstruction is a philosophical and literary theory that challenges traditional interpretations of texts by questioning assumptions about meaning, identity, and language. It aims to undermine systems of thought based on stable concepts of self, world, and meaning. Jacques Derrida developed these ideas and conducted deconstructive readings of many thinkers, showing how meaning depends on linguistic and conceptual relationships rather than correspondence to external realities.
Deconstruction
Post-structuralism reacted against the perceived authoritarianism of structuralism. It asserts that language is ambiguous and meanings change, so texts can contain contradictory meanings. Deconstructionists are interested in what lies beneath the surface of a text and the world's influence on a text. They believe meanings are actively created by readers rather than resolved, and inconsistencies may undermine dominant readings. Jacques Derrida introduced deconstruction and aimed to destabilize hierarchies in binary oppositions that privilege one term over another.
Claude Levi-Strauss
Claude Levi-Strauss was a renowned 20th century French anthropologist and philosopher known for establishing structuralism. He studied myths from diverse cultures and found they shared more similarities than differences, with humans making sense of the world through binary oppositions. Levi-Strauss emphasized the importance of binary structures in myth systems and language. He believed that underlying all meaning-making and social life were reconciliations of common binary opposites, showing that patterns of human thought are fundamentally the same across societies.
Structuralism
The document discusses the emergence and key ideas of New Criticism in the 1920s-1930s. New Critics such as Cleanth Brooks, Robert Penn Warren, and John Crowe Ransom privileged poetry as having an organic unity and counteracting industrialization. They defined poetry through its formal structure and warned against reducing poems to thematic statements. Structuralism emerged and viewed meaning as deriving from timeless, universal structures within sign systems. Claude Levi-Strauss applied structuralism to anthropology and examined cultural concepts like totems and taboos. Lacan later reworked Freudian psychoanalysis using structuralist concepts like the real, imaginary, and symbolic orders and introduced ideas like the mirror stage.
Claude Levi Strauss
Claude Levi-Strauss was a highly influential 20th century French anthropologist who founded the structuralist school of anthropology. He applied structural analysis to family relations and belief systems, arguing they are made up of interconnected parts. After studying law and teaching sociology in Brazil, he became a professor of anthropology in France, writing extensively on structural theory and its application to myth, ritual and kinship.
Derrida’s post structuralism
Derrida developed the concept of deconstruction as a form of textual analysis. It focuses on how language and texts have multiple meanings due to differences in interpretation over time and space. Derrida argued that searching for a single fixed meaning in a text is misguided, as the unstable nature of signs and language means meanings are deferred and undecidable. His work challenged structuralism and emphasized how language constructs reality rather than reflects it. Deconstruction remains influential in literary theory by examining silences and absences in texts.
Post theory
This document outlines a presentation on rhetoric and theory. It discusses rhetoric as a techne or method according to Aristotle. It then examines rhetoric as a discipline and method according to Covino and Jolliffe. Next, it explores rhetoric's historical superficiality and critiques. It analyzes the work of Roland Barthes and Group Mu positioning semiology at rhetoric's deathbed. It also summarizes Bender and Wellbery's concept of "rhetoricality" and the modernist return of rhetoric. Finally, it considers whether post-theory involves characteristics of rhetoricality through entangled theoretical and rhetorical work with reflexivity.
Brief introduction of Post Structuralism & Deconstruction
This document provides an introduction to post-structuralism and deconstruction. It discusses some key concepts from structuralism like signifiers and signified. Post-structuralism rejects the idea that language can convey definite meanings, and that meanings are unstable and open to various interpretations. Derrida's concept of "différance" emphasizes how language lacks a final or central meaning. The document also discusses power theories and how knowledge is used to marginalize subgroups. It defines the subaltern as suppressed classes and argues their histories have been told from the dominant perspective.
Post Structuralism (Derrida, Foucault, Jean)
Contemporary Theory in Anthropology: A Critical Approach that challenges Reason,Science, Logic, Universal truth, Universal reality.
theory of deconstruction
This document provides an overview of several key concepts in literary theory, including structuralism, post-structuralism, psychoanalytic theory, Lacanian theory, and the theory of deconstruction. It discusses major proponents of these theories such as Derrida, Foucault, Kristeva, and Lacan. Key aspects of deconstruction outlined include the literary and philosophical aspects, logocentrism, metaphysics of presence, différance, and arche-writing. Foucault's ideas around power/knowledge and different types of power are also summarized.
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Unit 9, ENGLISH IV CODE NO 6471
This document provides an overview of modern trends in literature, outlining various literary theories and approaches that have developed over time. It discusses traditional literary theory and how formalism and new criticism challenged this approach. It then explains key concepts from structuralism, post-structuralism, deconstructionism, Marxism, psychoanalysis, feminism and other contemporary approaches. The role of the reader in interpreting texts is also addressed.
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This document provides an overview of several literary theories:
Formalist theory focuses only on the language and elements of the text without considering context. New historicism views history broadly and sees texts as products of social constructs rather than just backdrops. Archetypal criticism sees recurring mythic patterns and archetypes influencing literature. Reader response theory examines how readers interpret and make meaning from texts. Race theory analyzes representations of race/ethnicity and their social implications. Marxist, feminist, and gender/sexual orientation theories view art and literature as political and examine themes of power structures, gender roles, and sexual orientation.
Semiotics, Structuralism & Narratology media cultures2
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Literary Criticism Notes.ppt
Literary criticism involves analyzing, interpreting, evaluating, and discussing literature. It examines elements like genre, structure, and value. Literary criticism aims to understand what literature is, what purpose it serves, and what value it possesses. It provides frameworks for interpreting works through considering aspects like historical context, social influences, and symbolic meanings embedded in the text. Different schools of criticism offer various lenses for revealing important aspects of literary works.
Literary criticismpowerpoint
1. Literature can be defined in several ways such as works with unique aesthetic qualities, works that have stood the test of time, or works that emphasize universal themes.
2. Literary theory involves developing concepts and generalizations to interpret and analyze literary texts.
3. Literary criticism is the application of theoretical principles to analyze, interpret, and evaluate literary texts in a disciplined way.
4. There are various approaches to literary criticism including formalism, structuralism, reader response theory, psychoanalytic criticism, gender studies, postcolonialism, Marxism, and feminism. Each approach examines different elements such as the text itself, the author, reader, or historical/social context.
Take the quiz to discover what poem you have been assigned to discus.docx
Take the quiz to discover what poem you have been assigned to discuss this week;
"On Being Brought From Africa to America" By: Phillis Wheatley
2.Look through the critical approaches in the Week 4 lesson, and CHOOSE 2 that you think could be used to analyze the poem you chose.
Literary Critical Theory:
Interpretive Strategies
1. Historicism considers the literary work in light of "what really happened" during the period reflected in that work. It insists that to understand a piece, we need to understand the author's biography and social background, ideas circulating at the time, and the cultural milieu. Historicism also "finds significance in the ways a particular work resembles or differs from other works of its period and/or genre," and therefore may involve source studies. It may also include examination of philology and linguistics. It is typically a discipline involving impressively extensive research.
2. New Criticism examines the relationships between a text's ideas and its form, "the connection between what a text says and the way it's said." New Critics/Formalists "may find tension, irony, or paradox in this relation, but they usually resolve it into unity and coherence of meaning." New Critics look for patterns of sound, imagery, narrative structure, point of view, and other techniques discernible on close reading of "the work itself." They insist that the meaning of a text should not be confused with the author's intentions nor the text's affective dimension--its effects on the reader. The objective determination as to "how a piece works" can be found through close focus and analysis, rather than through extraneous and erudite special knowledge.
3. Archetypal criticism "traces cultural and psychological 'myths' that shape the meaning of texts." It argues that "certain literary archetypes determine the structure and function of individual literary works," and therefore that literature imitates not the world but rather the "total dream of humankind." Archetypes (recurring images or symbols, patterns, universal experiences) may include motifs such as the quest or the heavenly ascent, symbols such as the apple or snake, or images such as crucifixion--all laden with meaning already when employed in a particular work.
4. Psychoanalytic criticism adopts the methods of "reading" employed by Freud and later theorists to interpret what a text really indicates. It argues that "unresolved and sometimes unconscious ambivalences in the author's own life may lead to a disunified literary work," and that the literary work is a manifestation of the author's own neuroses. Psychoanalytic critics focus on apparent dilemmas and conflicts in a work and "attempt to read an author's own family life and traumas into the actions of their characters," realizing that the psychological material will be expressed indirectly, encoded (similar to dreams) through principles such as "condensation," "displacement," and "symbolism."
5. Femini.
Structuralism (Cytical Theory Today)
The document discusses structuralism as a method used across various fields like linguistics, anthropology, and literary studies to systematically analyze the underlying structures that govern human experience and behavior. It provides an overview of structuralist thinkers like Saussure, Lévi-Strauss, and Barthes and how they applied structuralist principles to language, myth, and signs. The document also examines how structuralism influenced areas like narratology, genres, and literary interpretation through analyzing fundamental narrative units and rules of reading texts.
Gerard genett structuralism and literary Criticism
Gerard Genette was a French literary theorist born in 1930. He received his professorship in French literature at the Sorbonne in 1967. In his essay "Structuralism and Literary Criticism", Genette argues that methods developed for studying one discipline, such as linguistics, can be applied to studying other disciplines like literature. Structuralism aims to formulate the grammar and poetics of literature through analyzing literary works, narratives in particular. Genette believes structuralism is well-suited for literary criticism as criticism operates at a meta-level in examining and interpreting literature as a discourse on other discourses.
The Concept of Literature
This document provides an overview of different lenses that can be used to interpret literature, including New Criticism, structuralism/deconstruction, psychoanalysis, feminism, queer theory, Marxism, new historicism, cultural studies, postcolonial studies, and race studies. For each approach, it gives a brief definition and lists some key terminology and originators associated with that lens. The document serves as a reference for students to understand different interpretive frameworks they can apply when analyzing literary texts.
10_Literary_Theory.ppt
This document provides an overview of literary theory, including definitions, key approaches, and examples. It discusses several influential theoretical movements and thinkers that helped shape the development of literary criticism in the 20th century, such as New Criticism, structuralism, Marxist criticism, reader-response theory, and deconstruction. The document also provides summaries of sample poems to demonstrate how different theoretical lenses can be applied in literary analysis.
Structuralism By Riaz
Structuralism is an analytical method that applies linguistic theories to cultural phenomena beyond language. It focuses on the internal relationships between signs in a system rather than what the signs represent. Structuralism views cultural objects and activities as systems of signs and tries to isolate the underlying rules governing how the signs combine to create meaning. It had a large influence on twentieth century thought as language became a central concern.
Contemporary Literary Theory _ Study Material
I hope, it is quite helpful for the beginner to understand the concept of contemporary Literary theory. Students can take the help to study and understand the basics of contemporary literary theory. It includes concise concepts, tenets and components to make the strategic study for competitive examination at one specific study material.
Structuralism and poststructuralism
The document discusses the development of literary theories from structuralism to poststructuralism. It begins by explaining structuralism, which emerged in the early 20th century and viewed literature as an autonomous structure. Key theories included Russian formalism, New Criticism, and various forms of structuralism. In later developments, structuralism began to be rejected, and poststructuralist theories emerged that moved beyond analyzing just the text's structure. Poststructuralist theories include postmodernism, postcolonialism, and deconstruction. Structuralism and poststructuralism can both be used to analyze classic and modern literature.
Elements of Dystopian Science Fiction in David Mitchell's Cloud Atlas: Gener...
Elements of Dystopian Science Fiction in David Mitchell's Cloud Atlas: Gener...English Literature and Language Review ELLR
The present research aims to study Mitchell (2004) Cloud Atlas from a narratological point of view for its generic hybridity which makes it a significant work of postmodern literature. David Stephen Mitchell (1969) is one of Britain’s foremost contemporary writers who won prominent literary prizes including 2004 and 2002 Man Booker Prize for Fiction. This research analyzes the novel’s narrative style and particular conventions which lead to a certain genre to investigate the implications and their relation to reality. It tries to unsettle the following questions: Are there any significant elements of dystopian science fiction in the novel? If yes, what are the political, philosophical, and moral implications of such categorization? To answer the questions narratological approach particularly genre criticism is applied to the novel. After the "Introduction", in the "Discussion" section, key words are introduced and defined; the elements of dystopian science fiction are searched for in the novel; and the implications of those elements will be discussed. In the "Conclusions" the genre and its ontological significance will be touched upon. This article shows that Cloud Atlas is a science fiction as it depicts a future advanced in technology, economy, health, transportation, and communication. Also the dystopian attitude is dominant because the pictured world has failed to consider societal and ethical issues and for its capitalism, genetic manipulation, and ignorance of and towards human and humanity. The ontology of the story has its own kind of reality whose characteristics can be generalized to the real world out of the novel. The issues fictionalized in the novel have roots in the present time problems of the world. It is concluded that the novel tries to warn people and the ontological solutions given to these problems are considered to be useful in the reality. Mitchell’s dystopian world in "An Orison of Sonmi-451" is not the hopeless end of everything. He thinks that there is a chance to save the world by reading about other societies and creating a balance between nature and science. Literary Theory: Crash Course
Browse these common theories. When considered singularly and collectively, they're useful approaches to great works of literature for interpreting and finding meaning.
Critical Approach to Literature
This document outlines 9 common approaches to literary criticism: formalist, biographical, historical, gender, psychological, sociological, mythological, reader-response, and deconstructionist. Each approach is summarized, including its key goals and perspectives. For example, formalist criticism examines the text's formal elements like style and structure, biographical criticism uses an author's life to understand their works, and deconstructionist criticism believes language cannot represent reality in a fixed way.
Similar to Ap english exam (20)
Semiotics, Structuralism & Narratology media cultures2
Semiotics, Structuralism & Narratology media cultures2
Take the quiz to discover what poem you have been assigned to discus.docx
Take the quiz to discover what poem you have been assigned to discus.docx
Gerard genett structuralism and literary Criticism
Gerard genett structuralism and literary Criticism
Elements of Dystopian Science Fiction in David Mitchell's Cloud Atlas: Gener...
Elements of Dystopian Science Fiction in David Mitchell's Cloud Atlas: Gener...
Ap english exam
- 1. Swiss linguist, Ferdinand de Saussure Emma Regula
- 2. A method of analyzing phenomena, as in anthropology, linguistics, psychology, or literature, chiefly characterized by contrasting the elemental structures of the phenomena in a system of binary opposition. Relates to literary texts to a larger structure ( i.e. genre)
- 3. Structuralism Formalism Relates to literary texts a school of literary to a larger structure ( criticism and literary i.e. genre) theory having mainly to do with structural purposes of a particular text. Both theories place the study of literature on a scientific basis through objective analysis of the motifs, devices, techniques, and other “functions” that comprise the literary work.
- 4. Structuralism Marxism Relates to literary texts Marxism is the concept of to a larger structure ( class struggle and i.e. genre) distinctions that plays a central role in understanding literature. Opposes all forms of reformism and “gradualism” or “evolutionary socialism”
- 5. The Battle of Jericho is about teenagers making decisions that can reflect on their life. Structuralism is shown through how teenagers talked because structuralism refers to grammar. "Between now and the last week of this month, anything that a pledge master asks you to do- anything, you are required to do." on pg 158
- 6. Structuralism is all about how the literary text or sentence is structured. Does it have correct grammar? Does it make sense? I would teach structuralism because every book, sentence, etc. has to have some type of structure. How would our society be without people knowing the proper structure of literature? Without structuralism, I think we would have the “texting” language. Example: BRB or c ya l8er
- 7. Blunden, Andy. “Marxism.” Value of Knowledge Reference. Web. 14 Dec. 2012. Cesarconcepcion. “Quotes from The Battle of Jericho.” The Battle of Jericho. Tangient LLC. 30 Apr. 2012. Web. 14 Dec. 2012. Farlex. “Sturcturalism.” The Free Dictionary. Farlex, Inc. 2012. Web. 14 Dec. 2012. Kemmer, Suzanne. “Biographichal sketch of Ferdinand de Saussure.” Ling 403: Foundations of Linguistics. Suzanne Kemmer. 24 Aug. 2009. Web. 14 Dec. 2012 Brewton, Vince. “Literary Theory.” Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 29 June 2009. Web. 14 Dec. 2012.