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Antisocial Personality Disorder Schalonia Smith
- 1. Schalonia Smith Argosy University Antisocial personality disorder
- 2. Defining antisocial personality disorder Emotional/Interpersonal Symptoms Manipulative Shallow or non-emotional Persuasive and superficial Insensitive and extravagant No remorse or guilt Lack of empathy (Hare, 1994) Social Deviance Lack of responsibility Impulsive Thrill seeker Early behavioral problems Uncontrolled behavioral responses Diagnosis of antisocial disorder (Hare, 1994)
- 4. Parental factors History Environment Style Discipline
- 5. Research on the correlation between conduct disorder during childhood and antisocial personality disorder during adulthood is strongly suggested to form preventive and intervention measures that combat antisocial behaviors. Conclusion
- 6. References Bartol, C., & Bartol, A. (2008). Criminal behavior: A Psychosocial approach (8th edition ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Conklin, J. (2010). Criminology (10 th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Frick, P., & Viding, E. (2009). Antisocial behavior from a developmental psychopathology perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 21, pp. 1111-1131. Retrieved from Research Library. (Document ID: 1894240361). Gerrig, R. J., Zimbardo, P. G., & Hock, R. R. (2009). An Overview of Psychology: Its Past and present, your future (Custom ed.). New York, New York: Custom Publishing. Glicken, M. (2004). Violent young children. New York, New York: Pearson. Hare, R. (1994, January/Feburary). Predators: The Disturbing world of the psychopaths among us. Psychology Today , p. 54. Retrieved from, SIRS Researcher. Hill, J., & Nathan, R. (2008). Childhood antecedents of serious violence in adult male offenders. Aggressive Behaviors, 34, pp. 329-338. Retrieved from, EBSCOhost (DOI:10.1002/ab.20237).
- 7. References Pihlakoski, L., Sourander, A., Aromaa, M., Rautava, P., Helenius, H., & Sillanpää, M. (2006). The continuity of psychopathology from early childhood to preadolescence :A prospective cohort study of 3-12-year-old children. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 15 (7), pp. 409-17. Retrieved from, ProQuest Psychology Journals. (Document ID: 1152220461). Santrock, J. W. (2009). Life-span development (12th ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill. Semiz, U., Basoglu, C., Ebrinc, S., & Cetin, M. (2007). Childhood trauma history and dissociative experiences among Turkish men diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology , 44 (11), pp. 865-873. Retrieved from, EBSCOhost, (DOI:10.1007/s00127-007-0248-2). Townsend, M. C. (1996). Psychiatric mental health nursing: Concepts of care (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company.
Editor's Notes
- “Antisocial personality disorder is marked by a long-standing pattern of irresponsible or unlawful behavior that violates social norms” (Gerrig, Zimbardo, & Hock, 2009, p. 529). Individuals with antisocial disorder tend to be manipulative, shallow, persuasive, superficial, insensitive, and extravagant (Hare, 1994). They tend to show no remorse or guilt and lack empathy (Hare, 1994). Antisocial individuals also lack responsibility, are impulsive, seek thrills, exhibit early behavioral problems, and have uncontrolled behavioral responses (Hare, 1994). Individuals with antisocial personality disorder exhibit behavioral problems early in life including fighting, running away from home, misbehaving in school (Gerrig, Zimbardo, & Hock, 2009).
- Antisocial personality behavior numbers are rising in America. The number of children presenting psychological disorders is also rising around the world (Glicken, 2004; Conklin, 2010). As the diagnosis is reserved for individuals over the age of 18, the number of children exhibiting these behaviors is demonstrated in conduct disorders. Many characteristic described in Hare’s antisocial personality diagnosis tool (Hare, 1994) are also found in diagnosis tools for conduct disorder. In addition, the actual diagnosis of conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder are very similar. Research shows a correlation between an early childhood diagnosis of sever forms of conduct disorders and adult diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder (Conklin, 2010; Frick & Viding, 2009; Glicken, 2004; Hill & Nathan, 2008; Pihlakoski, Sourander, Aromaa, Rautava, Helenius, & Sillanpää, 2006; Townsend, 1996).
- Research has also shown parental environments as major factors of later diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder (Hill & Nathan, 2008; Santrock, 2009; Semiz, Basoglu, Ebrinc, & Cetin, 2007; Townsend, 1996). “In one correlational study, spanking by parents was linked with children’s antisocial behavior, including cheating, telling lies, being mean to others, bullying, getting into fights, and being disobedient” (Santrock, 2009, p. 259). The experience of childhood trauma, including abuse, has also been implicated as a factor of antisocial personality disorder (Semiz, Basoglu, Ebrinc, & Cetin, 2007; Hill & Nathan, 2008; Townsend, Personality disorders, 1996). The absence of parental discipline and erratic, inconsistent discipline methods are parental factors of antisocial personality disorder (Townsend, 1996).
- Research indicates that there are both biological and environmental factors in antisocial behaviors (Bartol & Bartol, 2008; Conklin, 2010). Many researchers have also found that having a biological parent diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder has a strong correlation with diagnosis (Bartol & Bartol, 2008; Conklin, 2010; Townsend, 1996). In addition, research has shown parental environments as major factors of later diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder (Hill & Nathan, 2008; Santrock, 2009; Semiz, Basoglu, Ebrinc, & Cetin, 2007; Townsend, 1996). Finally, research also shows a correlation between an early childhood diagnosis of sever forms of conduct disorders and adult diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder (Conklin, 2010; Frick & Viding, 2009; Glicken, 2004; Hill & Nathan, 2008; Pihlakoski, Sourander, Aromaa, Rautava, Helenius, & Sillanpää, 2006; Townsend, 1996). Given the strong correlation between parental environments and biological factors as well as early diagnosis of conduct disorders in adult diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder, research in the correlation of these factors is strongly suggested. Research into the factors and their correlations with antisocial personality disorder leave many questions. How do biological factors, parental environments, and early diagnosis of conduct disorder correlation as a group of factors correlate with diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder in adults? Which factors have the strongest influence on diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder? Finally, how can these factors, if at all, be manipulated to prevent or detour adult onset antisocial personality disorder? Answering these questions can lead to lowered crime rates and improved social environments. The one factor that appears to have the strongest correlation is early childhood diagnosis of conduct disorder. As a result, this factor may have the most promising results from research for deterring antisocial personality disorder. Therefore, modern research on antisocial personality disorder might focus on one important question: what factors lead to the correlation between early childhood onset conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder? Answering this question could very well give the solution needed for properly treating early childhood onset conduct disorder and deterring antisocial personality disorder, which would undoubtedly improve social environments around the world.