This study measured levels of homophobia and behavioral intentions toward homosexuals in 106 undergraduate students. As expected, men scored higher on the homophobia scale and were less likely to support homosexual rights than women. Strong athletic identity and religious involvement also correlated with higher homophobia. While age, year in school, and athletic status did not predict attitudes, sexual orientation and religiousness did. The findings suggest interventions are needed to improve attitudes, especially among male students.
This study was a test of the hypothesis that demographic variables (e.g. gender, education) would predict who would be closed minded about the idea of asexuality as a sexual orientation. The participants received the link to the survey on the researcher’s Facebook page. The survey asked the participants’ awareness of asexuality, educational background, feelings towards the topic of sex, religious background, gender, race, age, sexual orientation, and where they were raised. The survey also asked three questions regarding the participants’ beliefs about asexuality as a sexual orientation. The results did show a significant affect on attitudes of gender, and previous education about asexuality. The study also found a strong but not significant relationship between attitudes and religiosity.
• Presented at the Third Annual Conference of the International Network for Sexual Ethics and Politics in Ghent, Belgium 2013
• Presented at the Tenth Annual Conference of The Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality in San Diego, CA 2013
Gang Membership, Violence, and Psychiatric Morbidityjeremy coid
Gang members engage in many high-risk activities associated with psychiatric morbidity, particularly violence related ones. The authors investigated associations between gang membership, violent behavior, psychiatric morbidity, and
use of mental health services. The study concluded that gang members show inordinately high levels of psychiatric morbidity,
placing a heavy burden on mental health services. Traumatization and fear of further violence, exceptionally prevalent in gang members, are associated with service use. Gang membership should be routinely assessed in individuals presenting to health care services in areas with high levels of violence and gang activity. Health care professionals may have an important role in promoting desistence from gang activity.
Attitudes toward suicide may influence the
treatment content and outcomes. Hence, this study aimed to
investigate how public attitudes toward suicide were influenced
by (1) their degree of idealism; and (2) their degree of
relativism. A questionnaire survey with Suicide Perception
Scale and Ethic Position Questionnaire was carried out on 50
male and 50 female participants (aged 21 and above) from
Klang Valley, Malaysia to obtain answer. The findings
supported both hypotheses, indicated that (1) higher idealism is
associated with lower level of acceptance toward suicide; and
(2) higher relativism is associated with higher level of
acceptance toward suicide. In sum, variations in public’s
attitude toward suicide were related to individual differences in
personal ethical ideologies and moral philosophies.
This article co-written by Dr. Robert J. Winn which aims to quantify the number of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Philadelphia who report to be victims of domestic violence.
Peer Attachment and Intention of Aggressive Behavior among School Childreniosrjce
This paper attempts to ascertain the relationship between peer attachment and intention of
aggressive behavior amongst school children. There are literatures related to peer attachment quality and its
effects on adjustment and development.However, relatively little attention has been paid to the relationship
between peer attachments and intention of aggressive behavior. Positive peer attachment, respectively, have
been viewed as protective factors, that prevent peers from engaging in intention of aggressive behaviors, like
violence, risky sexual behavior, and bullying.. While the negative aspect of peer insecure attachment from the
school which is associated with more problematic functioning including higher rates of emotional problems,
substance use, aggression and delinquency. In this study, respondentswere 426 school children (males 199 and
females 227) between 13-17 years old. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation
and t-test for student’sage groups.Peer attachment was measured using inventory of parents and peer
attachment (IPPA) with respect to peer attachment and adolescent intention of aggressive behaviour. Findings
have revealed that over all respondents show that there is a significant positive relationship between peer
influences on intention of aggressive behaviour.And there is no significant difference in age group of the
respondents and intention of aggressive behaviour. Peer influence on intention of aggressive behaviour is high
which is peer to peer aggressive act within the school environment which the harm that is always intention to
cause injuries, and destroy.Thus, expressive support and attention should be extended not just to the victims of
intention of aggressive behaviour cases, but also to intimidators. Recommendation of the study centers on the
need to examine the reports from school counselors and peers that engage in intention of aggressive behaviour.
This study was a test of the hypothesis that demographic variables (e.g. gender, education) would predict who would be closed minded about the idea of asexuality as a sexual orientation. The participants received the link to the survey on the researcher’s Facebook page. The survey asked the participants’ awareness of asexuality, educational background, feelings towards the topic of sex, religious background, gender, race, age, sexual orientation, and where they were raised. The survey also asked three questions regarding the participants’ beliefs about asexuality as a sexual orientation. The results did show a significant affect on attitudes of gender, and previous education about asexuality. The study also found a strong but not significant relationship between attitudes and religiosity.
• Presented at the Third Annual Conference of the International Network for Sexual Ethics and Politics in Ghent, Belgium 2013
• Presented at the Tenth Annual Conference of The Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality in San Diego, CA 2013
Gang Membership, Violence, and Psychiatric Morbidityjeremy coid
Gang members engage in many high-risk activities associated with psychiatric morbidity, particularly violence related ones. The authors investigated associations between gang membership, violent behavior, psychiatric morbidity, and
use of mental health services. The study concluded that gang members show inordinately high levels of psychiatric morbidity,
placing a heavy burden on mental health services. Traumatization and fear of further violence, exceptionally prevalent in gang members, are associated with service use. Gang membership should be routinely assessed in individuals presenting to health care services in areas with high levels of violence and gang activity. Health care professionals may have an important role in promoting desistence from gang activity.
Attitudes toward suicide may influence the
treatment content and outcomes. Hence, this study aimed to
investigate how public attitudes toward suicide were influenced
by (1) their degree of idealism; and (2) their degree of
relativism. A questionnaire survey with Suicide Perception
Scale and Ethic Position Questionnaire was carried out on 50
male and 50 female participants (aged 21 and above) from
Klang Valley, Malaysia to obtain answer. The findings
supported both hypotheses, indicated that (1) higher idealism is
associated with lower level of acceptance toward suicide; and
(2) higher relativism is associated with higher level of
acceptance toward suicide. In sum, variations in public’s
attitude toward suicide were related to individual differences in
personal ethical ideologies and moral philosophies.
This article co-written by Dr. Robert J. Winn which aims to quantify the number of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Philadelphia who report to be victims of domestic violence.
Peer Attachment and Intention of Aggressive Behavior among School Childreniosrjce
This paper attempts to ascertain the relationship between peer attachment and intention of
aggressive behavior amongst school children. There are literatures related to peer attachment quality and its
effects on adjustment and development.However, relatively little attention has been paid to the relationship
between peer attachments and intention of aggressive behavior. Positive peer attachment, respectively, have
been viewed as protective factors, that prevent peers from engaging in intention of aggressive behaviors, like
violence, risky sexual behavior, and bullying.. While the negative aspect of peer insecure attachment from the
school which is associated with more problematic functioning including higher rates of emotional problems,
substance use, aggression and delinquency. In this study, respondentswere 426 school children (males 199 and
females 227) between 13-17 years old. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation
and t-test for student’sage groups.Peer attachment was measured using inventory of parents and peer
attachment (IPPA) with respect to peer attachment and adolescent intention of aggressive behaviour. Findings
have revealed that over all respondents show that there is a significant positive relationship between peer
influences on intention of aggressive behaviour.And there is no significant difference in age group of the
respondents and intention of aggressive behaviour. Peer influence on intention of aggressive behaviour is high
which is peer to peer aggressive act within the school environment which the harm that is always intention to
cause injuries, and destroy.Thus, expressive support and attention should be extended not just to the victims of
intention of aggressive behaviour cases, but also to intimidators. Recommendation of the study centers on the
need to examine the reports from school counselors and peers that engage in intention of aggressive behaviour.
Este documento grafica los 10 principios de UX porJakob Nielsen “el gurú de la usabilidad”. Una de las personas más respetadas en el ámbito mundial sobre usabilidad en la web.
This purpose of this workshop is to facilitate novice participants through the typical steps recommended for the design of a research survey (or questionnaire). The focus in on the design and development of surveys; it is not about data analysis.
Milagrow Business and Knowledge Solutions did a dipstick market research on Mobile Phone brands in India, reasons why people buy particular phones, what price range they prefer etc.
Journal of Diversity in Higher EducationTrans Activism and A.docxcroysierkathey
Journal of Diversity in Higher Education
Trans Activism and Advocacy Among Transgender
Students in Higher Education: A Mixed Methods Study
Abbie E. Goldberg, JuliAnna Z. Smith, and Genny Beemyn
Online First Publication, May 27, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dhe0000125
CITATION
Goldberg, A. E., Smith, J. Z., & Beemyn, G. (2019, May 27). Trans Activism and Advocacy Among
Transgender Students in Higher Education: A Mixed Methods Study. Journal of Diversity in
Higher Education. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dhe0000125
Trans Activism and Advocacy Among Transgender Students in Higher
Education: A Mixed Methods Study
Abbie E. Goldberg
Clark University
JuliAnna Z. Smith
Amherst, Massachusetts
Genny Beemyn
University of Massachusetts Amherst
Trans students face institutional and interpersonal discrimination that renders them vulnerable to minority
stress. Some trans students respond to minority stress, and perceptions of injustice on their campuses, via
engagement in campus activism or advocacy. The current mixed methods study explores trans under-
graduate and graduate students’ explanations for engaging or not engaging in activism/advocacy and the
types of activities in which they engage. It also examines, using logistic regression, what institutional,
student, and trans-specific factors predict whether trans students engage in activism/advocacy. Qualita-
tive analyses indicated that students engaged in a variety of activism and advocacy activities, both formal
and informal. Students who engaged in activism/advocacy cited their personal values, sense of personal
and community responsibility, desire for community, and opportunities for engagement in explaining
their involvement. Students who did not engage emphasized other obligations and identities as taking
precedence, visibility concerns, lack of connections to campus trans communities (e.g., as nonbinary
students or students of color), burnout, mental health issues, activism not being a priority, and structural
barriers. Logistic regression analyses indicated that attending a 4-year (vs. 2-year) institution and being
an undergraduate (vs. graduate) student were related to a greater likelihood of activism/advocacy. A
negative perception of campus climate was related to greater likelihood of activism/advocacy, but
interacted with participants’ perceptions of their institution’s trans-supportiveness relative to other
colleges, such that those who perceived a negative climate but also viewed their institution relatively
positively in comparison to other colleges had the highest likelihood of engaging in activism/advocacy.
Experiences of discrimination and being more out were also related to a greater likelihood of
engagement.
Keywords: activism, advocacy, college, transgender
Transgender (trans) students attending college or universities
face institutional and interpersonal discrimination that largely goes
unacknowledged and unchallenged (Beemyn, 2016; Case, Kanen- ...
6NamePaper 3IntroductionComment by Richards, Shar.docxpriestmanmable
6
Name
Paper 3
Introduction Comment by Richards, Sharlene - richarst: Note this paper is only 4 pages- it should be minimally 4 ½ pages.
Out of all sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) cases calculated each year, 50% are contracted by young people ages 15-24 (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). This age group is particularly at risk for STDs because they tend to sexually active, and engage in more sexually-risky behaviors.
This research proposal examines the relationship between memorable messages received from mothers about sex prior to college and female college students’ perceived risks for STIs.
First, the review of literature will discuss research on mother-daughter communication surrounding sexual behavior. Second, the literature review will examine research on perceived risk for STDs. Following the literature review, the rationale will present an argument for the research question. Following the rationale, the research question will be stated.
Literature Review
Mother-Daughter Communication about Sex
Memorable messages are short, specific, verbal messages that one remembers throughout life (Rubinsky & Cooke-Jackson, 2017). Past research indicates that mothers have a significant influence on their daughter’s sexual behavior. Conversations about sex are marked by discomfort by both mothers and daughters, however, daughters see mothers as admirable role models (Dennis & Wood, 2012). Mothers are influential on their daughter’s views about sex and sexual behavior (Binkley, Frey, & Violanti, 2007). Comment by Richards, Sharlene - richarst: This is a conceptual definition Comment by Richards, Sharlene - richarst: This is a summary statement
Past research indicates that mothers may engage in more conversations with their children and discuss more topics, but this may vary according to their parenting style. A study of parent-child triads found that, between mothers and fathers, mothers tend to engage in more conversations about sexuality with their children and discuss a wider variety of topics (Heisler, 2005). Askelson, Campo, and Smith (2012) surveyed mothers of daughters age 9-15 years old, and recorded ten conversation topics total, covering: menstruation, sexual intercourse, romantic relationships, sexually-transmitted infections or diseases, contraception methods, and sexual orientation. In this study, subjects such as menstruation and alcohol (around 80% of mothers recorded discussing these) were discussed much more than others like contraceptives and condoms (both around 30%) (Askelson et al., 2012). Askelson et al. (2012) questioned how a mother’s parenting style affected mother-daughter sex communication, and found that more authoritative mothers (who were demanding of, but responsive to, their children) discussed a greater number of topics with their daughters and at an earlier age than less authoritative mothers.
Past research indicates that conversations about sex with daughters appear to be limi.
6NamePaper 3IntroductionComment by Richards, Shar.docxblondellchancy
6
Name
Paper 3
Introduction Comment by Richards, Sharlene - richarst: Note this paper is only 4 pages- it should be minimally 4 ½ pages.
Out of all sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) cases calculated each year, 50% are contracted by young people ages 15-24 (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). This age group is particularly at risk for STDs because they tend to sexually active, and engage in more sexually-risky behaviors.
This research proposal examines the relationship between memorable messages received from mothers about sex prior to college and female college students’ perceived risks for STIs.
First, the review of literature will discuss research on mother-daughter communication surrounding sexual behavior. Second, the literature review will examine research on perceived risk for STDs. Following the literature review, the rationale will present an argument for the research question. Following the rationale, the research question will be stated.
Literature Review
Mother-Daughter Communication about Sex
Memorable messages are short, specific, verbal messages that one remembers throughout life (Rubinsky & Cooke-Jackson, 2017). Past research indicates that mothers have a significant influence on their daughter’s sexual behavior. Conversations about sex are marked by discomfort by both mothers and daughters, however, daughters see mothers as admirable role models (Dennis & Wood, 2012). Mothers are influential on their daughter’s views about sex and sexual behavior (Binkley, Frey, & Violanti, 2007). Comment by Richards, Sharlene - richarst: This is a conceptual definition Comment by Richards, Sharlene - richarst: This is a summary statement
Past research indicates that mothers may engage in more conversations with their children and discuss more topics, but this may vary according to their parenting style. A study of parent-child triads found that, between mothers and fathers, mothers tend to engage in more conversations about sexuality with their children and discuss a wider variety of topics (Heisler, 2005). Askelson, Campo, and Smith (2012) surveyed mothers of daughters age 9-15 years old, and recorded ten conversation topics total, covering: menstruation, sexual intercourse, romantic relationships, sexually-transmitted infections or diseases, contraception methods, and sexual orientation. In this study, subjects such as menstruation and alcohol (around 80% of mothers recorded discussing these) were discussed much more than others like contraceptives and condoms (both around 30%) (Askelson et al., 2012). Askelson et al. (2012) questioned how a mother’s parenting style affected mother-daughter sex communication, and found that more authoritative mothers (who were demanding of, but responsive to, their children) discussed a greater number of topics with their daughters and at an earlier age than less authoritative mothers.
Past research indicates that conversations about sex with daughters appear to be limi ...
Bullying In Academic Environments And The After Effects
Erin Faith Page Homophobia - Final
1. Safety is a concern for homosexuals on college campuses. FBI
(2005) data show that 13.8% of hate crimes were based on
sexual orientation. The purpose of this study was to measure
homophobia and to identify correlates of homophobia. One-
hundred-and-six undergraduates completed a Likert-scale
questionnaire including a homophobia scale (Larsen et al.,
1980). As expected, men were more homophobic than
women. Age, year in school, and athletic status were not
correlated to homophobia but sexual orientation and
religiousness were. Homophobia scores predicted
behavioral intentions to support homosexual rights and sign
petitions on behalf of homosexuals. Two-thirds of the
sample had scores indicating an overall positive-attitude
toward homosexuals. To improve the college climate for
homosexual students, interventions should focus on men’s
attitudes.
Participants
51 males, 53 females, 2 unidentified
Age M=21.31 SD=3.83
90% heterosexual (96), 6% bisexual (6), 3% gay/lesbian (3), and 1 unidentified.
Recruited from small liberal arts college
Measures
The Homophobic Behavior of Student Scale (Van de Ven, Bornholt, & Bailey, 1996)
• Measures how likely someone would sign a gay/lesbian rights petition
• Four item likert scale “1= Definitely false, 5= Definitely true”
• Reliability: Cronbach’s alpha = .81
Heterosexual Attitudes Toward Homosexuality Scale (Larsen, 1980)
• Measures positive and negative attitudes towards homosexuals
• 20 item likert scale “1= Definitely false, 5= Definitely true”
• Reliability: alpha coefficient .= 95
One item asking religious involvement
Procedure
Participants were recruited as a convenience sample by students in our Health Psychology class.
They read and signed a consent form. Once they agreed to participate they were given a survey
to complete that took approximately 15 minutes. After the survey they were debriefed.
The term ‘homophobia’ is still used today in health research to describe
heterosexuals who harbor fears, hatred, and anger toward those who are not
heterosexual (Kitzinger, 1996). However the more recent term ‘heterosexism’
conceptualizes oppression as an ideological system that denies, derogates, or
penalizes any non-heterosexual form of behavior, identity, relationship, or
community (Kitzinger, 2000).
Homophobia and heterosexism are hot topics in our country and on our
campuses. In 2003 a report showed that 20% of all respondents feared for their
physical safety because of their sexual orientation or gender identity, and 51%
concealed their sexual orientation or gender identity to avoid intimidation.
They also found that 43% of the students considered the climate of their
campus to be homophobic (Rankin, 2003).
At one time the focus of the health sciences were to cure homosexuality,
however the emphasis has shifted and is now concerned largely with the
mental and physical effects of oppression or homophobia and heterosexism.
Health research has examined the associations between anti-gay
discrimination and mental health (Meyer, 1995), sexual development (Dupras,
1994), alcoholism or drug abuse (Finnegan & Cook, 1984), as well as other
health concerns associated with being a sexual minority.
In this study I tried to specify what the differences are between participants
who score high and low on the homophobic and behavior toward homosexual
scales. I had predictions that male athletes would score higher on the
homophobic scale than male non-athletes, that males and females would
differ significantly on the homophobic scale, that older students and
upperclassmen would score lower on the homophobia scale, and that the
higher the participants scored on religious involvement the higher the
homophobia score would be.
Larsen, K. S., Reed, M., & Hoffman, S., 1980. Attitudes of heterosexuals toward homosexuality: A Likert-type scale
and construct validity. Journal of Sex Research, 16(3), 245-257.
Kitzinger, C., 1996. Speaking of oppression: Psychology, politics, and the language of power. In: E.D. Rothblum and
L.A. Bond, eds. Preventing Heterosexism and Homophobia. London: Sage Publications, 3–19.
Kitzinger, C., 2000. Heterosexism. In: A.E. Kazdin, ed. Encyclopedia of Psychology. Vol. 4, Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association and Oxford University Press, 122–124.
Rankin, R. Susan, 2003. Campus Climate for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender People: A National
Perspective. National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Report.
Meyer, I.H., 1995. Minority stress and mental health in gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36 (1), 38–
56.
Dupras, A., 1994. Internalized homophobia and psychosexual adjustment among gay men. Psychological Reports,
75 (1), 23–28.
Finnegan, D.G. and Cook, D., 1984. Special issues affecting the treatment of gay male and lesbian alcoholics.
Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 1, 85–98.
Spring, J.H. 2001. The American School, 1642–2000. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
Anderssen, N. (2002). Does contact with lesbians and gays lead to friendlier attitudes? A two-year longitudinal
study. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 12, 124–136.
Wright, L. W., & Cullen, J. M. (2001). Reducing college students’ homophobia, erotophobia, and conservatism
levels through a human sexuality course. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy, 26, 328–333.
Abstract
Introduction
Results
References
Attitudes
Toward
Homosexuals
Behaviors of
Students
Age Year Athletic
Identity
Religious
Involvement
Attitudes
Toward
Homosexuals
Pearson
Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
.757
.000
.115
.275
-.099
.337
-.418
.000
-.251
.014
Behaviors of
Students
Pearson
Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
.020
.845
-.131
.183
-.280
.004
-.218
.027
Method
Supported by the New Hampshire IDeA Network of Biological Research Excellence (NH-INBRE) NIH Grant Number 1P20RR030360-01 from
the INBRE Program of the National Center for Research Resources
It’s Mostly About Sex: Women are Less Homophobic and More Likely to
Petition for Homosexual Rights
Erin Faith Page & Heather Frasier Chabot
New England College, Henniker, NH
Attitude Toward Homosexuals Behaviors of Students
Sex Varsity Athlete Mean Standard Deviation Mean Standard Deviation
Male Yes
No
Total
93.81
103.10
97.85
23.41
27.38
25.35
4.64
4.68
4.65
1.40
1.82
1.56
Female Yes
No
Total
121.20
125.19
124.02
20.10
16.62
17.60
5.73
6.10
5.99
1.09
1.26
1.21
Total Yes
No
Total
103.83
117.30
111.61
25.73
23.43
25.20
5.01
5.60
5.33
1.39
1.62
1.54
I calculated correlation coefficients to determine the relationship between
age, year in school, athletic identity, religious involvement and attitudes
toward homosexuals with behaviors of students (see Table 1).
I also conducted two 2X2 ANOVA analyses to assess sex and athletic status on
attitudes and behavioral intentions toward homosexual (see Table 2 for group
means). The only significant finding was a main effect of sex.
Age and year in school did not predict scores of homophobia or behaviors on
behalf of homosexuals. A strong athletic identity and/or religious
involvement correlated with higher homophobia scores and lower likelihood
of behaviors on behalf of homosexuals. Overall, males scored significantly
higher on the homophobia scale and were significantly less likely to sign
petitions on behalf of homosexuals.
Table 1
Correlations of Attitudes and Behaviors
Table 2
2X2 ANOVA Means for Sex by Athletic Status on Attitudes and Behaviors toward Homosexuals
Discussion
If one of the primary responsibilities of schooling is to prepare all
children to live in a diverse society (Spring, 2001), then we need to include
all children. Colleges need to find ways to disrupt heterosexist and
homophobic discourse and instead create debates that address issues of
sexual orientation and gender identity in institutional policies, course
curricula, and class discussions.
Many studies have found that stereotypes decrease as individuals get to
know out-group members (e.g., Anderssen, 2002), we should encourage
LGBT clubs to work with other campus clubs on important student issues,
using super-ordinate goals to increase visibility. Homophobia is
correlated with a lack of knowledge of sexual information (Wright &
Cullen, 2001), so a future study could investigate adding Human Sexuality
courses to the general requirements for college students. Our study, along
with past research, shows that males overall have significantly higher
scores on the homophobia scale, this should encourage future research to
focus on how we can cause change in this specific group of students.
By improving the climate for LGBT students in classes and on campuses,
we can contribute to the academic success and personal development of
every student.