help to know about the protozoal diseases

1. ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS

2. INTRODUCTION:
 Human being are host to a wide variety of protozoal parasites , which can be
transmitted by insect vector, directly from mammalian reservoirs, or from one
person to another.
 Because protozoa multiply in their hosts and vaccination is not yet an option,
chemotherapy has been the only practical way either to treat infected
individual or to reduce transmission in populations.
 Some of the common human protozoal infections and the drugs used to treat
them are discussed in this chapter.

3. ANTIAMOEBIC AGENTS:
 Worldwide, nearly 480 million people are infected with Entamoeba histolytica, of whom 10%
develop clinical disease.
 The infection is transmitted exclusively by the fecal-oral route; human beings are the only
known hosts.
 In most infected individuals, trophozoites exists s commensals in the large intestines- that is,
they produce cysts but otherwise cause little harm to the host
 In some people, the parasites invade the intestinal mucosa, producing mild to severe colitis
(amoebic dysentery).
 In still other individuals, the parasite invade the extraintestinal tissues, chiefly the liver,
producing amoebic abscessed and systemic disease.

4. CLASSIFICATION:
1. LUMINAL AMOEBICIDES: it is active only against intestinal forms of
amoeba.(e.g. diloxanide furoate)
2. SYSTEMIC AMOEBICIDES: these agents have been employed
primarily to treat severe amoebic dysentery or hepatic
abscesses.(e.g. dehydroemetin, cholorquine)
3. MIXED AMOEBICIDES: these agents are active against both
intestinal and systemic forms of amoeba.(e.g. metronidazole,
tinidazole and ornidazole)

5. DILOXANIDE FUROATE

6. METRONIDAZOLE:

7. TINIDAZOLE:

8. ORNIDAZOLE:

9. CHLOROQUINE:

10. DEHYDROEMETIN: