https://youtu.be/Ro8lrPggUyo Contents of the video are useful For B.PHARM SEMESTER VI AND PHARM.D 3 YEAR STUDENTS in Medicinal Chemistry Contents are:- Drug classification of Anti-HIV drugs Chemical structure of drugs Synthesis, Mechanism of action, Medicinal use, adverse effect, and Brand name of Zidovudine, Lamivudine, Didanosine

1. ANTI-HIV DRUGS

2. Classification of Anti-HIV drugs
The Anti-HIV drugs can be classified into
1. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NRTIs): Zidovudine, Stavudine,
Lamivudine, Abacavir, Zalcitabine, Emtricitabine, Didanosine.
2. Non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs): Efavirenz, Nevirapine,
Delavirdine.
3. Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NTRTIs): Tenofovir
4. Protease inhibitors (PIs): Saquinavir, Indinavir, Nelfinavir, Amprenavir,
Fosamprenavir, Ritonavir, Lopinavir, Atazanavir.
5. Entry/Fusion inhibitors: Enfuvirtide

3. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NRTIs) Drugs Structures:

4. Non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) Drug Structures: Efavirenz, Nevirapine,
Delavirdine.

5. Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NTRTIs) Drug Structure
Tenofovir disoproxil

6. Protease inhibitors (PIs) Drug Structures
Fosamprenavir

7. Entry/Fusion inhibitors: Enfuvirtide

8. Synthesis of Zidovudine

9. Mechanism of action of Zidovudine
Zidovudine gets incorporated into proviral DNA
and prevent the chain elongation by inhibiting
Viral Reverse Transcriptase (RNA dependent
DNA Polymerase.
Zidovudine

10. Uses of Zidovudine
Zidovudine is used in pregnant women to prevent passing the HIV virus to the
unborn baby.
This medication is also used in newborns born to mothers infected with HIV to
prevent infection in the newborns.
Brand Name:- Retrovir, Zidine , Viro-Z
Adverse effects:-lactic acidosis, liver problems, myopathy, and blood disorders
such as severe anemia or neutropenia.

11. Synthesis of Didanosine

12. Mechanism of action of Didanosine

13. Uses of Didanosine
This drug is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It
helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can
work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as
new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life.
Brand Name:-VIDEX® EC, Videx
Adverse effects:- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain rash, headache,
changes in the shape or location of body fat (especially in your arms, legs, face,
neck, breasts, and waist).

14. Synthesis of Lamivudine

15. A
Lamivudine is a synthetic nucleoside
analogue and is phosphorylated
intracellularly to its active 5'-
triphosphate metabolite, lamivudine
triphosphate (L-TP).
This nucleoside analogue is
incorporated into viral DNA by HIV
reverse transcriptase and HBV
polymerase, resulting in DNA chain
termination.

16. Use of Lamivudine
It is used for treatment of chronic hepatitis B at a lower dose and also used
for the treatment of HIV/AIDS.
It improves the seroconversion of e-antigen positive hepatitis B and also
improves histology staging of the liver.
Adverse Effects:- Cough, diarrhea, fatigue, headache, malaise (general
discomfort), nasal symptoms, such as a runny nose, nausea.
Brand Name :- Epivir, Epivir-HBV, Heptovir