The document discusses the global and local scenarios of the herbal/phytochemical industry. It notes that the global herbal market is growing and is projected to reach $200 billion by 2008. Locally in Malaysia, the herbal industry is valued at $4.55 billion and there are opportunities to increase the local content from the current 5% to 50% by 2010. Ensuring a reliable supply of high quality raw materials through good agricultural practices and contract farming is an important challenge for the industry.
to download this presentation form this link
https://mohmmed-ink.blogspot.com/2020/11/herbal-medicine.html
herbal medicine in Gaza .. use and side effect
this work first was done by a medic student in the islamic University .... because its a good work i shared it . and i never asked for the permission .... sorry
but this link will lead to the original one...
http://www.slideshare.net/FaToOoMaa/final-herbal-medicine
An herb is a plant or plant part used for
its scent, flavor or therapeutic properties. Herbal medicine products are dietary supplements that
people take to improve their health. Many herbs have been used for a long time
for claimed health benefits. They are sold as tablets, capsules, powders, teas,
extracts and fresh or dried plants. However, some can cause health problems,
some are not effective and some may interact with other drugs you are taking.
to download this presentation form this link
https://mohmmed-ink.blogspot.com/2020/11/herbal-medicine.html
herbal medicine in Gaza .. use and side effect
this work first was done by a medic student in the islamic University .... because its a good work i shared it . and i never asked for the permission .... sorry
but this link will lead to the original one...
http://www.slideshare.net/FaToOoMaa/final-herbal-medicine
An herb is a plant or plant part used for
its scent, flavor or therapeutic properties. Herbal medicine products are dietary supplements that
people take to improve their health. Many herbs have been used for a long time
for claimed health benefits. They are sold as tablets, capsules, powders, teas,
extracts and fresh or dried plants. However, some can cause health problems,
some are not effective and some may interact with other drugs you are taking.
An herb is a plant or plant part used for
its scent, flavor or therapeutic properties. Herbal medicine products are dietary supplements that
people take to improve their health. Many herbs have been used for a long time
for claimed health benefits. They are sold as tablets, capsules, powders, teas,
extracts and fresh or dried plants. However, some can cause health problems,
some are not effective and some may interact with other drugs you are taking.
To use an herbal product as safely as
possible:
-- Consult your doctor first
-- Do not take a bigger dose than the label
recommends
-- Take it under the guidance of a trained
medical professional
-- Be especially cautious if you are pregnant
or nursing
Herbal medicine
Posted on กุมภาพันธ์ 4, 2013 by nichpk
PowerPoint handout for Drug in daily life for accountancy and Management student (international).
: Herbal medicine
Download link :Herbal medicine
ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HABBATUS SAUDA (Nigella sativa L.):...NimahAlnemari1
Modern research has proven many benefits that can be obtained from the substances contained in habbatus sauda (Bamusa & Hujaj, 2011). N. sativa L. can be used as a pharmacological remedy or as a food additive, with many beneficial effects including antibacterial activity. Commonly, N. sativa L. has been used in the Middle East, Northern Africa, and India for centuries to treat asthma, cough, bronchitis, headache, rheumatism, fever, influenza and eczema, and they are frequently used as a condiment in bread and other dishes
Ellen Kamhi PhD, RN, AHG, AHN-BC discusses botanical medicine- active constituents found in indigenous healing plants, the doctrine of signatures, specific actives in common botanical medicine used for healthcare, scientific studies, and consideration of adverse effects
Pharmacognosy-III
If you seeking data about "herb as health food ",this assignment will be helpful to you and provide more and more information about different medicinal plant with their sourse, constituent, uses and for easily identification figure were added and mentioned shortly rules of medicinal plant in public health and economy .So hope that assignment willbe beneficial for everyone. Please forgive my mistake .
Global Market For Herbal Products In IndiaANKITA MANKAR
Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times. Plants synthesise hundreds of chemical compounds for functions including defence against insects, fungi, diseases, and herbivorous mammals. Numerous phytochemicals with potential or established biological activity have been identified. However, since a single plant contains widely diverse phytochemicals, the effects of using a whole plant as medicine are uncertain. Further, the phytochemical content and pharmacological actions, if any, of many plants having medicinal potential remain unassessed by rigorous scientific research to define efficacy and safety.
Herbal medicine is the use of plants or plant extracts for medicinal purposes (especially plants that are not part of the normal diet).
Phytonutrient or nutraceutical or functional food
Natural substances that aid the body to maintaining health and combating disease such as anthocyanidins, isoflavones and carotenoids.
Natural product : is biosynthetic substances produced by living cells.
Crude Drug: It’s a medically useful drug of plant or animal origin without any further processing or modification.
An herb is a plant or plant part used for
its scent, flavor or therapeutic properties. Herbal medicine products are dietary supplements that
people take to improve their health. Many herbs have been used for a long time
for claimed health benefits. They are sold as tablets, capsules, powders, teas,
extracts and fresh or dried plants. However, some can cause health problems,
some are not effective and some may interact with other drugs you are taking.
To use an herbal product as safely as
possible:
-- Consult your doctor first
-- Do not take a bigger dose than the label
recommends
-- Take it under the guidance of a trained
medical professional
-- Be especially cautious if you are pregnant
or nursing
Herbal medicine
Posted on กุมภาพันธ์ 4, 2013 by nichpk
PowerPoint handout for Drug in daily life for accountancy and Management student (international).
: Herbal medicine
Download link :Herbal medicine
ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HABBATUS SAUDA (Nigella sativa L.):...NimahAlnemari1
Modern research has proven many benefits that can be obtained from the substances contained in habbatus sauda (Bamusa & Hujaj, 2011). N. sativa L. can be used as a pharmacological remedy or as a food additive, with many beneficial effects including antibacterial activity. Commonly, N. sativa L. has been used in the Middle East, Northern Africa, and India for centuries to treat asthma, cough, bronchitis, headache, rheumatism, fever, influenza and eczema, and they are frequently used as a condiment in bread and other dishes
Ellen Kamhi PhD, RN, AHG, AHN-BC discusses botanical medicine- active constituents found in indigenous healing plants, the doctrine of signatures, specific actives in common botanical medicine used for healthcare, scientific studies, and consideration of adverse effects
Pharmacognosy-III
If you seeking data about "herb as health food ",this assignment will be helpful to you and provide more and more information about different medicinal plant with their sourse, constituent, uses and for easily identification figure were added and mentioned shortly rules of medicinal plant in public health and economy .So hope that assignment willbe beneficial for everyone. Please forgive my mistake .
Global Market For Herbal Products In IndiaANKITA MANKAR
Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times. Plants synthesise hundreds of chemical compounds for functions including defence against insects, fungi, diseases, and herbivorous mammals. Numerous phytochemicals with potential or established biological activity have been identified. However, since a single plant contains widely diverse phytochemicals, the effects of using a whole plant as medicine are uncertain. Further, the phytochemical content and pharmacological actions, if any, of many plants having medicinal potential remain unassessed by rigorous scientific research to define efficacy and safety.
Herbal medicine is the use of plants or plant extracts for medicinal purposes (especially plants that are not part of the normal diet).
Phytonutrient or nutraceutical or functional food
Natural substances that aid the body to maintaining health and combating disease such as anthocyanidins, isoflavones and carotenoids.
Natural product : is biosynthetic substances produced by living cells.
Crude Drug: It’s a medically useful drug of plant or animal origin without any further processing or modification.
WIPO Effective Utilization Of Search results And Communications Derived from The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) System In National / Regional Phase in Tokyo, Japan.
High blood pressure causes many types of cardiovascular disease, such as stroke and heart failure, and renal disease. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerosis, which is the narrowing and / or blockage of the blood vessels in the legs.
This PPT includes the details about some cardiovascular diseases and how they are treated using Gene Therapy. It also discuss about the vectors that are used in the process.
Study on Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) and Trade in Traditional Medicin...Kamal Perera
Presented on Symposium at 22nd International conference of College of Medical Administrators of Sri Lanka, 13th March 2015
(Based on WHO/SEARO-Project Report of Study on Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) and Trade in Traditional Medicines (TM) in Sri Lanka)
Diabetes mellitus is among the most common disorder in developed and
developing countries, and the disease is increasing rapidly in most parts
of the world. It has been estimated that up to one-third of patients with
diabetes mellitus use some form of complementary and alternative
medicine. Alstonia scholaris is a plant of family Apocynaceae and has a
great medicinal importance. It is widely used by tribal people to treat
various diseases and ailments. The present communication deals with
the organoleptic and preliminary physico-phytochemical studies of the
stem bark of the plant. The organoleptic study was done according to
the W.H.O. guidelines for medicinal plants. Alstonia scholaris is a plant
that has been used in popular medicine for the treatment of the diabetes.
It is native to the Indian subcontinent, Indomalaya, Malaysia, and
Australasia. This has been investigated based on amerolative properties
of bioactive compounds of Alstonia scholaris stem bark extract up on
alloxan induced diabetic rats. The blood glucose levels were increased
significantly. Ethanolic stem bark extract of A. scholaris was given to
the diabetic rats in daily dose of 450mg/ kg of body weight (21 days). In
diabetic rats of blood glucose levels decreased highly significant
(p<0.005). The reduction in blood glucose can be used as a marker in
the evaluating the severity of diabetes.
General Introduction to Herbal Industry:Herbs are those remedial agents which are created by nature for curing human
illness. Herbal extracts have been used since ancient times in traditional medicine. This system
of medicine (Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha) is 5000 year old recommends a combination of
lifestyle management and treatment with specific herbs and minerals to cure various diseases.
Approximately 1250 Indian medicinal plants are being used to formulate beneficial measures
according to Ayurveda. WHO define Traditional herbal medicines as naturally occurring, plant
derived substances with minimal or no industrial processing that have been used to treat illness
within local or regional healing practices. Traditional herbal medicine and their preparations
have been widely used for the thousands of years in developing and developed countries due to
its natural origin and lesser side effects. These medicines initially used in the form of crude drugs
such as tinctures, teas, poultices, powders, and other herbal formulations.
traditional medicine, Chinese traditional medicine, herbs, future Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Uwakwe C. Chukwu | Abayomi Ajayi-Majebi | Sarhan M. Musa "Future of Traditional Medicine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd48011.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/48011/future-of-traditional-medicine/matthew-n-o-sadiku
General Introduction to Herbal Industry.pdfSamerPaser
Know about the present scope and future prospects of herbal drug industry
2. Know about the various plant based industries and institutions
3. Know about the various industries involved in work on medicinal and aromatic plants in
India
4. Know about the Schedule-T and its objectives
5. Know about the components of GMP and various infrastructural requirements of
working space
complementary and alternative medicine includes practices such as massage, acupuncture, tai chi, and drinking green tea. Integrative medicine is an approach to medical care that combines conventional medicine with CAM practices that have shown through science to be safe and effective
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE.docx PTT. Slide shareKoudomJoycy
I'm a student of dental therapy at the university institute of science and technology of Yaoundé in Cameroon YAOUNDE willing to upload this doc in other for me to download another one for the purposes of my studies. History to be above the lecturer . I will wish to work hard in order to have a good note and postulate for a scholarship at the exterior of my country Cameron for a better formation si that I can come back and serve my country and show what I am capable of doing
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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Anti aging cancer herbal_cam
1. Presented by : Dr Ling Sien Ngan Anti Aging medical practioner Lowel Anti aging & aesthetic center 27A Jln SS2/75, 47300 PJ. GLOBAL & LOCAL SCENARIOS OF HERBAL/PHYTOCHEMICAL INDUSTRY Chemical Engineering Pilot Plant Universiti Teknologi Malaysia *Materials- courtesy of CEPP
19. Introduction to Complementary Alternative Medicine Acupuncture Thai massage Japan hot bath Jamu Indonesia Ayurveda Mandi lulur Bali
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23. HERBS then as Traditional and now a Complementary Alternative Medicine Herbs and botanicals have been used for centuries for a variety of ailments. Growing interest in alternative medicine and natural remedies to modern medicines has led to a dramatic growth in the herbal market over the last decade. But herbs increasingly finding application in a variety of foods being promoted on a health platform. (Leatherhead Food Research Association)
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28. SCOPE OF THE HERBAL INDUSTRY Herbal Products Industry Insect Repellant, Pesticides & Household Items Industry Insect Repellant, Pesticides & Household Items Industry Cosmetics/ Cosmeticeuticals & Toiletries Industry Cosmetics/ Cosmeceuticals & Toiletries Industry Essential Oils, Flavours Colours & Fragrance Industry Essential Oils, Flavours Colours & Fragrance Industry Healthcare/ Nutraceutical Industry Healthcare/ Nutraceutical Industry Biopharmaceutical Industry Biopharmaceutical Industry Pharmaceutical Industry (Drugs & excipients ) Pharmaceutical Industry (Drugs & recipients ) Herbal/ Traditional Medicine Industry Herbal/ Traditional Medicine Industry M i GHT M i GHT
34. M i GHT M i GHT Herbs and medicinal plants are mainly used for phytomedicines , flavours and fragrance, biopesticides and pharmaceuticals / nutraceuticals . Market growth in medicinal herbs and botanicals was to an average of 7.6% a year between 1999 and 2002. Worldwide sales figures for herbal remedies in year 2000 and projection figures for year 2002 are as follows: Global Trends HERBAL INDUSTRY Billion US$(retail prices) 2001 2002 Europe 6.9 7.5 Asia 5.1 6.2 North America 3.9 4.3 Japan 2.3 2.6 South America 0.6 0.8 Australia / New Zealand 0.3 0.4 Mid East 0.1 0.1 Africa 0.1 0.1 RoW 0.3 0.4 Total Value 19.6 22.4 Estimate based on IMS market analysis for 1997 plus main growth rates and side markets
35. Unmistakable trends US 1998 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Acupuncture Hypnosis Homeopathy Aromatherapy Spiritual healing Chiropractic Massage Herbal remedies Relaxation therapy Percentage of population using therapy 42.1 % used a CAM therapy US$21.2 billion spent 6.29 million visits CAM has become more popular, as is evident in these figures that shows the popularity of various healing methods “ New Scientist's ”
36. Unmistakable trends ENGLAND 1999 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Acupuncture Reflexology Aromatherapy Chiropractic Osteopathy Massage Herbal remedies Percentage of population using therapy 28.3% used a CAM therapy £ 450 million spent in UK 50,000 CAM practitioners in UK 12.7 million visits in UK Homeopathy “ New Scientist's ” CAM has become more popular, as is evident in these figures that shows the popularity of various healing methods
37. US Herbal and Plant Product Sales Sales, US$ Source: China Economic Information Network, 2003 441,502,560 Total 2,950,132 Kava Kava 3,037,672 Milk Thistle 4,555,723 Bilberry 6,104,450 Valerian 6,182,210 Cranberry 7,299,353 Evening Primrose Oil 9,965,772 Grapeseed 18,381,592 Saw Palmetto 38,341,632 Goldenseal 47,774,792 St John's Wort 49,189,576 Echinacea 71,474,288 Garlic 86,048,080 Ginseng 90,197,288 Ginkgo Product
40. The total value of the domestic market for herbal and medicinal plants is now estimated to reach up to RM4.55 billion . Industrial uses of herbs in Malaysia MALAYSIAN SCENARIO (Dr Azizol Abdul Kadir, formerly FRIM) RM 4.55 billion Total RM 2.00 billion Herbal Remedies RM 0.95 billion Pharmaceuticals/nutraceuticals RM 1.60 billion Flavour & Fragrance Value Herbal Uses
41. Malaysian Herbal Industry Market Projection vs Target Year Projected Market Value Targeted Local Content % Share 2000 2005 2010 RM 2.0 b RM 3.2 b RM 5.0 b RM 100 m RM 500 m RM 2.5 b 5% 15% 50% HERBAL INDUSTRY M i GHT M i GHT
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43. Bioresources Identification of suitable herbs Strategic Analysis-core competencies Strong Competencies Product design & development Primary processing Of herbs (post-harvest Processing) New herbal products marketing End users Natural Bioactive Compounds Development of Required herb for Industry / New Herbal outlets Commercial production of Required herbs Clinical research Manufacturing Distribution Weak Competencies Weak Competencies Weak Competencies Weak Competencies Weak Competencies Weak Competencies Weak Competencies Ref : Malaysian Herbal Industry Outlook (Might ) Strong Competencies Strong Competencies Strong Competencies Strong Competencies Strong Competencies
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45. Product Development THE CHALLENGES .... Plantation Harvesting & Processing Product Formulation & Manufacturing Product Marketing Safety, Quality, Standard, Efficacy Raw material sourcing
48. Why the raw material sourcing is important?? Large volume of raw materials needed for getting little product Rose : 60,000 blooms to produce 1 ounce of oil Jasmine : 8,000,000 handpicked flower for 1 kg of oil {France : US$ 15,000 / kg, India : US$ 4,000 / kg} Lavender : 100 kg of lavender for 3 kg of oil Tongkat Ali : 45 kg root for 1 kg extract Pegaga : 15 kg dried leaves for 1 kg extract Kemunting Cina : 15 tonnes of leaves for 1 ounce of vincristine extract Examples :
51. GOOD AGRICULTURAL AND COLLECTION PRACTICE FLOW OF ACTIVITY 1.Plant identification: species, variety or hybrid 2.Locality identification: suitability of soil and climate conditions 3. Propagation technique 4. Pests and weeds control and other contaminants 5. Harvesting technique 6. Cleaning (Wash) technique 7. Drying Method; sun or oven dry 8. Pack and storage Source: Prof Zhari Bin Ismail
65. WOOD OR BARKS FLOWERS SEEDS OR GRAINS LEAVES ROOTS OR RHIZOMES DETERMINE PREPROCESSING NEEDS (DRYING, COMMUNITION ETC.)
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68. OVERALL PROCESSING FLOW CHART Harvesting Inspection Cleaning Size reduction Drying Extraction Clean up Fractionation Dried herbal product Pure phytochemical
69. Extraction of Phytochemical Valuable bio active compound Non-bio active compound Extraction process Normal method of processing
70. Chart of Classification and Separation of Plant Material Based on Solvent Polarity and Process (Herbal Approach) Plant Material Solvent Extract filtrate Freeze dried Whole concrete extract Membrane Filtration or Low T vacuum evaporation Whole concentrate extract Water Extract Spray dried Whole powder extract Freeze dried Whole freeze dried extract Spray dried Concentrate extract
71. Chart of Classification and Separation of Plant Material Based on Solvent Polarity and Process (Phyto Approach) Plant Material H2O-Glycerol Extraction Non-Polar compound extraction SFE (Phytonics: Phytosol) Terpenoids Essential Oil (e.g. mono & Esquiterpenes: geraniol, limonese Diterpenoids (Phytol, abietic acid) Triterpenoids (Cucurbitacin) Carotenoids ( β-Carotene, lutien, Zeaxanthin, etc) Multi Solvent Extraction Process Terpenoids (e.g. Menthol, carrone, squalene, α-Carotene, lycopene) Lipids Polar Compound Extraction Flavanoid (e.g. anthocyanin-cyanidin, flavanols- Kaemferol, isoflavanoid-rotenone) Polar alkaloid (e.g. Ephedrine) Sugar & Derivatives (e.g. monosacharide, Oligosacharide, sugar alcol) Fiber Acid Hydrolysis filtrate Cellulose filtrate Hemicellulose filtrate Lignin
72. technology used must be able to produce… MAXIMUM QUANTITY OF PRODUCTS OF HIGHEST QUALITY (eg. ACTIVITY) AT THE LOWEST POSSIBLE COST
73. Raw Materials Product PROCESS Root / Rhizomes Bark / wood Leaves / Vegetables Flower Fruit / seed / nuts Fruit or vegetable juice / medicinal concentrate High-grade alcohol Concrete/Oleoresin Aqueous aroma Essential oil Extraction Of Specialty Chemical From Plant Utilizing Turbo Extractor Distillator
74. TONGKAT ALI EXTRACTION PROCESS RAW MATERIAL EXTRACTION PROCESS FILTERING PURE TONGKAT ALI EXTRACT SPRAY DRIED PROCESS PACKAGING Case study :
75. PROCESS IN THE PREPARATION OF TONGKAT ALI AQUEOUS EXTRACT Source: Dr Ilham,FRIM
77. TONGKAT ALI CAPSULES mmbpp (spray dried) Commercial A (saw dust) Commercial B (saw dust mixture) Physical characteristics of Tongkat Ali capsules containing aqueous soluble extract Source: Dr Ilham,FRIM
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80. Chemical Profile High Perfomance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) HPLC Profile Tongkat Ali Pegaga
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83. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Discovery (2-10yrs) Phase I 20-80 healthy volunteers used to deterrmine safety and dosage Phase II 100-300 patient volunteers used to look for efficacy and side effect Phase III 1000-3000 patient volunteers used to monitor adverse reactions to long term use FDA review/ approval Compound success rates by stages 5,000 - 10,000 screened 250 5 1 Source: Dr Ilham,FRIM Preclinical testing laboratory & animal testing
84. MARKET VALUE OF HERBAL PREPARATIONS Fresh materials (roots, leaves, etc) Dried powder Non-standardized extract Standardized extract Phytomedicine Freeze/spray dried extracts Value added 4 Product Marketing Source: Dr Ilham,FRIM
85. Example: Price of Pegaga after processing USD 100 Standardization RM40 RM25 RM10 RM2 Freeze-drying Extraction Juice, dried herbs or powder Raw material Ref : Malaysian Herbal Industry Outlook (Might )
86. Final Product – Register with National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau (BPFK) Safe to consume or apply ADA OOHMP!!!
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89. HERBAL PRODUCTS IN MALAYSIA MARKET Alterni Clara International Nona Roguy Victus Semulajadi NEW IMAGE OF HERBAL PRODUCTS Source: Dr Ilham,FRIM