Antisera ABD Reagents manufacturer produces monoclonal blood grouping reagents of Anti A, Anti B, Anti D helps to diagnose blood group of an individual.
The Coombs test, also known as the direct antiglobulin test (DAT) or indirect antiglobulin test (IAT), detects antibodies or complement coating red blood cells. It involves sensitizing RBCs with patient serum, washing unbound antibodies, then adding anti-human globulin reagent to form a "bridge" and cause agglutination if antibodies or complement are present on the RBCs. Controls like Coombs control check cells are used to validate negative results and detect technical problems. The DAT detects in vivo coating while the IAT detects in vitro coating during antibody screening and identification.
A customer at Emory University tested an ELMOD2 polyclonal antibody from St. John's Laboratory at a 1:500 dilution in a Western blot protocol. They reported that the antibody could detect low levels (ng) of protein. St. John's Laboratory invites customers to test their products risk-free by applying for free trial samples online and then submitting a review to receive 30% off a future order.
p70 S6 kinase or p70S6K is a serine/threonine kinase that acts downstream of PIP3 and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 in the PI3 kinase pathway. As the name suggests, its target substrate is the S6 ribosomal protein. Phosphorylation of S6 induces protein synthesis at the ribosome.
The phosphorylation of P70S6K at threonine 389 has been used as a hallmark of activation by mTOR and correlated with autophagy inhibition in various situations. However, several recent studies suggest that the activity of P70S6K plays a more positive role in the increase of autophagy.
To purchase this antibody use the following link: http://www.stjohnslabs.com/p70-s6-kinase-antibody?filter_name=STJ31332
The Coombs test, also known as the antiglobulin test, detects antibodies or complement proteins attached to red blood cells. There are two types of Coombs tests - the direct Coombs test detects antibodies bound to red blood cells in vivo, while the indirect Coombs test detects antibodies in a patient's serum that can bind to red blood cells in vitro. The Coombs test is used to diagnose conditions like hemolytic disease of the newborn, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and hemolytic transfusion reactions. A positive Coombs test indicates red blood cell sensitization, while a negative test suggests the absence of sensitization.
This document provides an overview of agglutination tests used to diagnose febrile diseases. It discusses the Widal test and Weil-Felix test, which detect antibodies produced in response to pathogens like Salmonella typhi. For the Widal test, a patient's serum is tested for O and H antibodies against Salmonella antigens. A positive result requires a titer above 1:80. The Weil-Felix test detects antibodies to rickettsiae, identifying the causative organism of diseases like typhus. Together, agglutination tests provide a serological approach to identifying certain febrile illnesses based on the immune response mounted by the patient.
Measuring agglutination reactions can be used to quantify antibodies, identify antibody targets, and determine antibody specificity, with applications including ELISA, immunofluorescence, and blood typing tests.
The Axin-related protein, Axin2, presumably plays an important role in the regulation of the stability of beta-catenin in the Wnt signaling pathway, like its rodent homologs, mouse conductin/rat axil. In mouse, conductin organizes a multiprotein complex of APC (adenomatous polyposis of the colon), beta-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta, and conductin, which leads to the degradation of beta-catenin.
To purchase this antibody, use the following link: http://www.stjohnslabs.com/axin2-antibody-p-67883?filter_name=STJ26209
The document discusses enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a technique used to detect substances like proteins. ELISA uses an enzyme to detect the binding of antibodies to antigens, producing a color change that indicates the presence of the antibody-antigen complex. There are direct and indirect ELISA methods, as well as variations like immobilized antigen ELISA for antibody detection and sandwich ELISA for antigen detection. ELISA has applications in medical diagnostics to detect antibodies in patients and test for substances like allergens in food.
The Coombs test, also known as the direct antiglobulin test (DAT) or indirect antiglobulin test (IAT), detects antibodies or complement coating red blood cells. It involves sensitizing RBCs with patient serum, washing unbound antibodies, then adding anti-human globulin reagent to form a "bridge" and cause agglutination if antibodies or complement are present on the RBCs. Controls like Coombs control check cells are used to validate negative results and detect technical problems. The DAT detects in vivo coating while the IAT detects in vitro coating during antibody screening and identification.
A customer at Emory University tested an ELMOD2 polyclonal antibody from St. John's Laboratory at a 1:500 dilution in a Western blot protocol. They reported that the antibody could detect low levels (ng) of protein. St. John's Laboratory invites customers to test their products risk-free by applying for free trial samples online and then submitting a review to receive 30% off a future order.
p70 S6 kinase or p70S6K is a serine/threonine kinase that acts downstream of PIP3 and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 in the PI3 kinase pathway. As the name suggests, its target substrate is the S6 ribosomal protein. Phosphorylation of S6 induces protein synthesis at the ribosome.
The phosphorylation of P70S6K at threonine 389 has been used as a hallmark of activation by mTOR and correlated with autophagy inhibition in various situations. However, several recent studies suggest that the activity of P70S6K plays a more positive role in the increase of autophagy.
To purchase this antibody use the following link: http://www.stjohnslabs.com/p70-s6-kinase-antibody?filter_name=STJ31332
The Coombs test, also known as the antiglobulin test, detects antibodies or complement proteins attached to red blood cells. There are two types of Coombs tests - the direct Coombs test detects antibodies bound to red blood cells in vivo, while the indirect Coombs test detects antibodies in a patient's serum that can bind to red blood cells in vitro. The Coombs test is used to diagnose conditions like hemolytic disease of the newborn, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and hemolytic transfusion reactions. A positive Coombs test indicates red blood cell sensitization, while a negative test suggests the absence of sensitization.
This document provides an overview of agglutination tests used to diagnose febrile diseases. It discusses the Widal test and Weil-Felix test, which detect antibodies produced in response to pathogens like Salmonella typhi. For the Widal test, a patient's serum is tested for O and H antibodies against Salmonella antigens. A positive result requires a titer above 1:80. The Weil-Felix test detects antibodies to rickettsiae, identifying the causative organism of diseases like typhus. Together, agglutination tests provide a serological approach to identifying certain febrile illnesses based on the immune response mounted by the patient.
Measuring agglutination reactions can be used to quantify antibodies, identify antibody targets, and determine antibody specificity, with applications including ELISA, immunofluorescence, and blood typing tests.
The Axin-related protein, Axin2, presumably plays an important role in the regulation of the stability of beta-catenin in the Wnt signaling pathway, like its rodent homologs, mouse conductin/rat axil. In mouse, conductin organizes a multiprotein complex of APC (adenomatous polyposis of the colon), beta-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta, and conductin, which leads to the degradation of beta-catenin.
To purchase this antibody, use the following link: http://www.stjohnslabs.com/axin2-antibody-p-67883?filter_name=STJ26209
The document discusses enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a technique used to detect substances like proteins. ELISA uses an enzyme to detect the binding of antibodies to antigens, producing a color change that indicates the presence of the antibody-antigen complex. There are direct and indirect ELISA methods, as well as variations like immobilized antigen ELISA for antibody detection and sandwich ELISA for antigen detection. ELISA has applications in medical diagnostics to detect antibodies in patients and test for substances like allergens in food.
The document summarizes the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique. It discusses the historical background of ELISA and how it was developed as an alternative to radioimmunoassay. The key components of ELISA are antibodies, enzymes like horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase, and substrates that the enzymes act on to produce a detectable color change. The principle of ELISA is that it uses an enzyme to detect antigen-antibody binding by converting a colorless substrate into a colored product. There are different types of ELISA including direct, indirect, and sandwich. Advantages are listed such as versatility and increased sensitivity, while disadvantages include potential cross-reactivity and extra incubation steps required. Applications mentioned are screening
Lab report that discusses the antigen-antibody precipitation reaction using the Ouchterlony Double Diffusion Technique.
Created by: Annisa Hayatunnufus
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Management & Science University
This document provides information about ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) tests. It defines ELISA as a test that detects and measures antibodies in blood by using enzymes linked to antibodies. ELISA tests can be used to diagnose various infectious diseases by detecting related antibodies. The document then discusses different types of ELISA tests including indirect ELISA, direct ELISA, and sandwich ELISA. It provides detailed descriptions of the basic principles, required reagents, protocols, and key steps involved in performing indirect and direct ELISA tests. Sandwich ELISA is also introduced as using two layers of antibodies to quantify antigens containing at least two epitopes.
ODD is a immunodiffusion technique is used in detection, identification and quantification of antibodies and antigens. (Analyzing the antigen and antibody)
The document discusses immunological tests and the immune system. It describes:
- The immune system defends against infectious diseases and foreign antigens. Key organs include the thymus, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. Immunity can be innate or adaptive, and active or passive.
- Antibodies are proteins that react specifically with antigens. The main antibody classes are IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, and IgD. Antigens are any substances capable of inducing antibody formation.
- Common immunological tests include precipitation reactions, agglutination reactions like latex agglutination, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting. These tests detect the presence of antigens or antibodies.
Mr. Shubham Khairnar presented on ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), an immunoassay technique used to detect antibodies, proteins, and biomolecules. ELISA uses antibodies and color changing enzymes to detect the presence of a substance. It has advantages like being highly specific and sensitive, having a long shelf life, and being easy to perform. Common steps in ELISA include coating wells with antigens or antibodies, washing, incubating with samples and secondary antibodies, developing color, and reading results. ELISA has many applications like detecting viral infections, hormone levels, allergens, and more.
The document summarizes a customer review of a Tubulin-beta Polyclonal Antibody used for immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence staining of U251 and U373 glioblastoma cell lines. The customer found that staining with the antibody produced a microtubule-like pattern that was better than a similar staining done with a Sigma rabbit-anti-tubulin antibody. The document encourages testing the antibody free of risk through a sample program on the St John's Laboratory website.
p70S6 kinase or p70S6K is a serine/threonine kinase that acts downstream of PIP3 and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 in the PI3 kinase pathway. As the name suggests, its target substrate is the S6 ribosomal protein. Phosphorylation of S6 induces protein synthesis at the ribosome.
The phosphorylation of P70S6K at threonine 389 has been used as a hallmark of activation by mTOR and correlated with autophagy inhibition in various situations. However, several recent studies suggest that the activity of P70S6K plays a more positive role in the increase of autophagy.
Phosphorylation of Thr229 in the catalytic domain and Thr389 in the linker domain are most critical for kinase function. Phosphorylation of Thr389, however, most closely correlates with p70 kinase activity in vivo. Prior phosphorylation of Thr389
is required for the action of phosphoinositide 3-dependent
protein kinase 1 (PDK1) on Thr229. Phosphorylation
of this site is stimulated by growth factors such as insulin,
EGF and FGF, as well as by serum and some G-proteincoupled receptor ligands, and is blocked by wortmannin, LY294002 (PI-3K inhibitor) and rapamycin (FRAP/mTOR inhibitor) .
To purchase this antibody use the following link: http://www.stjohnslabs.com/p70-s6-kinase-antibody-phospho-thr389412?filter_name=STJ30854
Independent Antibody Validation For mCherry Tag Monoclonal Antibody (STJ34373)St John's Laboratory Ltd
St John’s Laboratory suppliers a highly photostable mCherry tag antibody, which is resistant to photobleaching. Independent validation reviews provide feedback on real-experimental use:
https://www.scienceexchange.com/validations/29688
https://www.scienceexchange.com/validations/29733
https://www.scienceexchange.com/validations/29708
To purchase this antibody, use the following link: http://www.stjohnslabs.com/mcherry-tag-antibody?filter_name=STJ34373
Acetyl-Histone H2A (Lys5) Antibody detects endogenous levels of histone H2A only when acetylated at lysine 5.
To purchase this antibody use the following link: http://www.stjohnslabs.com/histone-h2a-acetyl-lys5-antibody?filter_name=STJ97171
Evaluation of in vitro inhibitory effect of Enoxacin on Babesia and Theileria...sherein abdelgayed
Evaluation of in vitro inhibitory effect of Enoxacin on Babesia and Theileria parasites. 9th World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic, 24-28 August 2014.
The document describes the procedure for performing a Dot ELISA assay. It contains 6 sections - Introduction, Principle, Kit Components & Storage, Procedure, Flow Chart, and Result & Interpretation. The Principle section explains that in Dot ELISA, antigen is coated on a nitrocellulose membrane and detected using an enzyme-labeled secondary antibody, appearing as brown dots. The Procedure section provides instructions for preparing reagents and carrying out the assay, including blocking, antibody incubation, washing, and developing with substrate. The Flow Chart further illustrates the step-by-step process. Positive results appear as brown dots, while negative controls have no color.
1. The document reports on serological tests conducted to detect Brucella abortus and Salmonella in samples X, Y, and Z.
2. The Brucella test found samples X and Y tested positive for B. abortus antibodies while sample Z tested negative.
3. The Salmonella test found sample X tested positive for Salmonella antigens but sample Y tested negative.
The document describes experiments to develop assays for accurately quantifying anti-Aβ oligomer antibodies in biological fluids. The researchers found that purified IgG from IVIG showed greater binding to Aβ oligomers than plasma samples, suggesting interfering proteins in plasma. They also found antibodies that non-specifically bind ELISA plates, complicating detection of anti-Aβ oligomer antibodies. Approaches to address this included pre-absorbing IVIG on polystyrene or agarose columns, which increased specificity but reduced total antibody signal. Assays using biotinylated Aβ oligomers captured on streptavidin plates showed potential for measuring anti-Aβ oligomer antibodies in purified IgG samples with improved signal-to-noise over
Histones are nuclear proteins that form octameric structures which bind DNA to form units of chromatin called nucleosomes. The family of histones—H2A, H2B, H3, and H4—are key players in gene regulation. They undergo a number of post-translational modifications (PTM) in response to various stimuli, including phosphorylation on serine and threonine residues and methylation on lysine residues. PTMs produce configural changes in histone proteins that may induce nucleosome remodeling and expose or hide DNA sequences from transcriptional complexes. Histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20) may undergo mono-, di-, or trimethylation, which is catalyzed by the methyltransferase PR-Set7 (Set8 or KMT5a). Methylated H4K20 plays a role in regulating DNA damage responses, mitosis, DNA replication, and gene expression. Trimethylation of H4K20 contributes to gene silencing, and is a mark of the repressive heterochromatin state.
To purchase this antibody use the following link: http://www.stjohnslabs.com/histone-h4-tri-methyl-lys20-antibody?filter_name=STJ97154
The viral neutralization test is a serological method that detects the presence of viral neutralizing antibodies. It involves mixing dilutions of antibodies with a standardized amount of virus, incubating them, and observing for cytopathic effects in cell cultures. If the antibodies neutralize the virus, no cytopathic effects will be observed as the cells remain intact. While the viral neutralization test is highly sensitive and specific, it is also slow, intensive, and requires skilled technicians. It remains the gold standard method for diagnosing viral infections in the laboratory by comparing other test methods to it.
The document discusses enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), including its introduction, principle, equipment, procedure, types, advantages, and disadvantages. ELISA is a qualitative or quantitative immunological procedure that detects antigens or antibodies using enzyme-labeled antibodies and chromogenic substrates. It relies on antibody-antigen interactions and uses an enzyme-labeled antibody to generate a colored reaction, allowing detection of a particular antigen. The document outlines the basic equipment, general procedure involving coating wells with antibodies and adding samples and enzyme-labeled antibodies, and the three main types of ELISA - indirect, sandwich, and competitive.
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC29A1 gene. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene.
This gene is a member of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter family. The gene encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein that localizes to the plasma and mitochondrial membranes and mediates the cellular uptake of nucleosides from the surrounding medium. The protein is categorized as an equilibrative (as opposed to concentrative) transporter that is sensitive to inhibition by nitrobenzylmercaptopurine ribonucleoside (NBMPR). Nucleoside transporters are required for nucleotide synthesis in cells that lack de novo nucleoside synthesis pathways, and are also necessary for the uptake of cytotoxic nucleosides used for cancer and viral chemotherapies.
To purchase this antibody, use the following link: http://www.stjohnslabs.com/ent1-antibody?filter_name=STJ96396
1. ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is an immunoassay technique used to detect antibodies, proteins, peptides, and other molecules. It relies on an antigen-antibody reaction to detect the presence of a substance.
2. The document provides detailed information on the basic principles and steps of ELISA, including coating a plate with antibodies, adding samples and reagents, washing steps, and detecting reactions using enzymes and substrates.
3. Key aspects of performing ELISA are discussed such as sample treatment and storage, controlling humidity and air flow during incubations, and troubleshooting poor results. Direct, indirect, sandwich, and competitive ELISA techniques are also summarized.
In this slideshare i have discussed about the digoxin, its property,different analytical methods of digoxin and the general procedure of immunoassay of digoxin.
Also additionally i have added 10 mcq related to the topic with multiple options and correct option as well.
The document summarizes the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique. It discusses the historical background of ELISA and how it was developed as an alternative to radioimmunoassay. The key components of ELISA are antibodies, enzymes like horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase, and substrates that the enzymes act on to produce a detectable color change. The principle of ELISA is that it uses an enzyme to detect antigen-antibody binding by converting a colorless substrate into a colored product. There are different types of ELISA including direct, indirect, and sandwich. Advantages are listed such as versatility and increased sensitivity, while disadvantages include potential cross-reactivity and extra incubation steps required. Applications mentioned are screening
Lab report that discusses the antigen-antibody precipitation reaction using the Ouchterlony Double Diffusion Technique.
Created by: Annisa Hayatunnufus
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Management & Science University
This document provides information about ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) tests. It defines ELISA as a test that detects and measures antibodies in blood by using enzymes linked to antibodies. ELISA tests can be used to diagnose various infectious diseases by detecting related antibodies. The document then discusses different types of ELISA tests including indirect ELISA, direct ELISA, and sandwich ELISA. It provides detailed descriptions of the basic principles, required reagents, protocols, and key steps involved in performing indirect and direct ELISA tests. Sandwich ELISA is also introduced as using two layers of antibodies to quantify antigens containing at least two epitopes.
ODD is a immunodiffusion technique is used in detection, identification and quantification of antibodies and antigens. (Analyzing the antigen and antibody)
The document discusses immunological tests and the immune system. It describes:
- The immune system defends against infectious diseases and foreign antigens. Key organs include the thymus, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. Immunity can be innate or adaptive, and active or passive.
- Antibodies are proteins that react specifically with antigens. The main antibody classes are IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, and IgD. Antigens are any substances capable of inducing antibody formation.
- Common immunological tests include precipitation reactions, agglutination reactions like latex agglutination, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting. These tests detect the presence of antigens or antibodies.
Mr. Shubham Khairnar presented on ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), an immunoassay technique used to detect antibodies, proteins, and biomolecules. ELISA uses antibodies and color changing enzymes to detect the presence of a substance. It has advantages like being highly specific and sensitive, having a long shelf life, and being easy to perform. Common steps in ELISA include coating wells with antigens or antibodies, washing, incubating with samples and secondary antibodies, developing color, and reading results. ELISA has many applications like detecting viral infections, hormone levels, allergens, and more.
The document summarizes a customer review of a Tubulin-beta Polyclonal Antibody used for immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence staining of U251 and U373 glioblastoma cell lines. The customer found that staining with the antibody produced a microtubule-like pattern that was better than a similar staining done with a Sigma rabbit-anti-tubulin antibody. The document encourages testing the antibody free of risk through a sample program on the St John's Laboratory website.
p70S6 kinase or p70S6K is a serine/threonine kinase that acts downstream of PIP3 and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 in the PI3 kinase pathway. As the name suggests, its target substrate is the S6 ribosomal protein. Phosphorylation of S6 induces protein synthesis at the ribosome.
The phosphorylation of P70S6K at threonine 389 has been used as a hallmark of activation by mTOR and correlated with autophagy inhibition in various situations. However, several recent studies suggest that the activity of P70S6K plays a more positive role in the increase of autophagy.
Phosphorylation of Thr229 in the catalytic domain and Thr389 in the linker domain are most critical for kinase function. Phosphorylation of Thr389, however, most closely correlates with p70 kinase activity in vivo. Prior phosphorylation of Thr389
is required for the action of phosphoinositide 3-dependent
protein kinase 1 (PDK1) on Thr229. Phosphorylation
of this site is stimulated by growth factors such as insulin,
EGF and FGF, as well as by serum and some G-proteincoupled receptor ligands, and is blocked by wortmannin, LY294002 (PI-3K inhibitor) and rapamycin (FRAP/mTOR inhibitor) .
To purchase this antibody use the following link: http://www.stjohnslabs.com/p70-s6-kinase-antibody-phospho-thr389412?filter_name=STJ30854
Independent Antibody Validation For mCherry Tag Monoclonal Antibody (STJ34373)St John's Laboratory Ltd
St John’s Laboratory suppliers a highly photostable mCherry tag antibody, which is resistant to photobleaching. Independent validation reviews provide feedback on real-experimental use:
https://www.scienceexchange.com/validations/29688
https://www.scienceexchange.com/validations/29733
https://www.scienceexchange.com/validations/29708
To purchase this antibody, use the following link: http://www.stjohnslabs.com/mcherry-tag-antibody?filter_name=STJ34373
Acetyl-Histone H2A (Lys5) Antibody detects endogenous levels of histone H2A only when acetylated at lysine 5.
To purchase this antibody use the following link: http://www.stjohnslabs.com/histone-h2a-acetyl-lys5-antibody?filter_name=STJ97171
Evaluation of in vitro inhibitory effect of Enoxacin on Babesia and Theileria...sherein abdelgayed
Evaluation of in vitro inhibitory effect of Enoxacin on Babesia and Theileria parasites. 9th World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic, 24-28 August 2014.
The document describes the procedure for performing a Dot ELISA assay. It contains 6 sections - Introduction, Principle, Kit Components & Storage, Procedure, Flow Chart, and Result & Interpretation. The Principle section explains that in Dot ELISA, antigen is coated on a nitrocellulose membrane and detected using an enzyme-labeled secondary antibody, appearing as brown dots. The Procedure section provides instructions for preparing reagents and carrying out the assay, including blocking, antibody incubation, washing, and developing with substrate. The Flow Chart further illustrates the step-by-step process. Positive results appear as brown dots, while negative controls have no color.
1. The document reports on serological tests conducted to detect Brucella abortus and Salmonella in samples X, Y, and Z.
2. The Brucella test found samples X and Y tested positive for B. abortus antibodies while sample Z tested negative.
3. The Salmonella test found sample X tested positive for Salmonella antigens but sample Y tested negative.
The document describes experiments to develop assays for accurately quantifying anti-Aβ oligomer antibodies in biological fluids. The researchers found that purified IgG from IVIG showed greater binding to Aβ oligomers than plasma samples, suggesting interfering proteins in plasma. They also found antibodies that non-specifically bind ELISA plates, complicating detection of anti-Aβ oligomer antibodies. Approaches to address this included pre-absorbing IVIG on polystyrene or agarose columns, which increased specificity but reduced total antibody signal. Assays using biotinylated Aβ oligomers captured on streptavidin plates showed potential for measuring anti-Aβ oligomer antibodies in purified IgG samples with improved signal-to-noise over
Histones are nuclear proteins that form octameric structures which bind DNA to form units of chromatin called nucleosomes. The family of histones—H2A, H2B, H3, and H4—are key players in gene regulation. They undergo a number of post-translational modifications (PTM) in response to various stimuli, including phosphorylation on serine and threonine residues and methylation on lysine residues. PTMs produce configural changes in histone proteins that may induce nucleosome remodeling and expose or hide DNA sequences from transcriptional complexes. Histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20) may undergo mono-, di-, or trimethylation, which is catalyzed by the methyltransferase PR-Set7 (Set8 or KMT5a). Methylated H4K20 plays a role in regulating DNA damage responses, mitosis, DNA replication, and gene expression. Trimethylation of H4K20 contributes to gene silencing, and is a mark of the repressive heterochromatin state.
To purchase this antibody use the following link: http://www.stjohnslabs.com/histone-h4-tri-methyl-lys20-antibody?filter_name=STJ97154
The viral neutralization test is a serological method that detects the presence of viral neutralizing antibodies. It involves mixing dilutions of antibodies with a standardized amount of virus, incubating them, and observing for cytopathic effects in cell cultures. If the antibodies neutralize the virus, no cytopathic effects will be observed as the cells remain intact. While the viral neutralization test is highly sensitive and specific, it is also slow, intensive, and requires skilled technicians. It remains the gold standard method for diagnosing viral infections in the laboratory by comparing other test methods to it.
The document discusses enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), including its introduction, principle, equipment, procedure, types, advantages, and disadvantages. ELISA is a qualitative or quantitative immunological procedure that detects antigens or antibodies using enzyme-labeled antibodies and chromogenic substrates. It relies on antibody-antigen interactions and uses an enzyme-labeled antibody to generate a colored reaction, allowing detection of a particular antigen. The document outlines the basic equipment, general procedure involving coating wells with antibodies and adding samples and enzyme-labeled antibodies, and the three main types of ELISA - indirect, sandwich, and competitive.
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC29A1 gene. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene.
This gene is a member of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter family. The gene encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein that localizes to the plasma and mitochondrial membranes and mediates the cellular uptake of nucleosides from the surrounding medium. The protein is categorized as an equilibrative (as opposed to concentrative) transporter that is sensitive to inhibition by nitrobenzylmercaptopurine ribonucleoside (NBMPR). Nucleoside transporters are required for nucleotide synthesis in cells that lack de novo nucleoside synthesis pathways, and are also necessary for the uptake of cytotoxic nucleosides used for cancer and viral chemotherapies.
To purchase this antibody, use the following link: http://www.stjohnslabs.com/ent1-antibody?filter_name=STJ96396
1. ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is an immunoassay technique used to detect antibodies, proteins, peptides, and other molecules. It relies on an antigen-antibody reaction to detect the presence of a substance.
2. The document provides detailed information on the basic principles and steps of ELISA, including coating a plate with antibodies, adding samples and reagents, washing steps, and detecting reactions using enzymes and substrates.
3. Key aspects of performing ELISA are discussed such as sample treatment and storage, controlling humidity and air flow during incubations, and troubleshooting poor results. Direct, indirect, sandwich, and competitive ELISA techniques are also summarized.
In this slideshare i have discussed about the digoxin, its property,different analytical methods of digoxin and the general procedure of immunoassay of digoxin.
Also additionally i have added 10 mcq related to the topic with multiple options and correct option as well.
जादू है उनकी हर एक बात मैं, याद बहुत आती है दिन और रात मैं , कल जब देखा था सपना मैने रात मैं, तब भी उनका ही हाथ था मेरा हाथ मैं .
- via bkb.ai/shayari
दिखावे की मोहब्बत तो जमाने को हैं हमसे पर,
ये दिल तो वहाँ बिकेगा जहाँ ज़ज्बातो की कदर होगी।
- via bkb.ai/shayari
कम से कम अपने बाल तो बाँध लिया करो ।
कमबख्त..
बेवजह मौसम बदल दिया करते हैं ।
- via bkb.ai/shayari
Jab Koi Khayal Dil Se Takrata Hai,Dil Na Chahkar Bhi Khamosh Rah Jata Hai,Koi Sab Kuchh Kahkar Pyar Jatata Hai,Koi Kuchh Na Kahkar Bhi Sab Bool Jata Hai.
- via bkb.ai/shayari
This project report summarizes the process of blood culture testing. The purpose is to detect bloodborne microorganisms in patients with sepsis. Blood samples are inoculated into culture bottles and incubated for 5 days. The system monitors for increases in fluorescence that indicate growth. Positive bottles are subcultured onto agar plates and identified using staining techniques like Gram stain and Vitek 2 compact system. Identification of bacteria and reporting of antibiotic sensitivities helps in diagnosis and treatment of septic patients.
The document describes procedures for testing the sterility of pharmaceutical products. It provides details on culture media, incubation temperatures, strains of test microorganisms, and the sterility test method. The key points are:
- Two common culture media are described for detecting bacteria (Fluid Thioglycollate Medium) and fungi/bacteria (Soybean-Casein Digest Medium).
- Samples are inoculated into media and incubated at specified temperatures, then examined for microbial growth which would indicate a failed sterility test.
- The sterility test method and number of samples tested depends on the type and amount of product available for testing.
Goat anti Human IgM antibody recognizes the heavy chain of human IgM. This antibody has been cross absorbed against human IgA and IgG. Goat anti Human IgM antibody might cross react with IgM from other species.
This product has been reported to work in the following applications. This information is derived from testing within our laboratories, peer-reviewed publications or personal communications from the originators. For general protocol recommendations, please visit the antibody section.
Where this antibody has not been tested for use in a particular technique this does not necessarily exclude its use in such procedures. It is recommended that the user titrates the antibody for use in their own system using appropriate negative/positive controls.
Secondary antibodies are commonly used to detect and visualize the presence of a primary antibody in applications like western blotting or immunofluorescent histology. In these applications the secondary antibody is labeled with a reporter molecule, which may be an enzyme like HRP or a fluorophore such as FITC. Multiple secondary antibodies can bind to a single primary antibody increasing the sensitivity and amplifying the signal.
Further signal amplification can be achieved by using an unlabeled secondary and a labeled tertiary antibody if required.
Read our secondary antibodies optimization guide for essential information on experimental design.
2. Antibody capture:
Antibody capture:Unlabeled secondary antibodies can be used to capture antibodies of interest from biological solutions by quantitative ELISA. For example, an unlabeled secondary mouse anti-human IgG may be used as the capture antibody to bind human IgG from a patient serum sample. This is then detected with a labeled secondary mouse anti-human IgG which binds to the captured IgG.
The use of a calibration curve of known standards allows this signal to be quantified.
3. Detection and quantification of recombinant proteins:
Secondary antibodies can be used to detect and quantify recombinant proteins that have been engineered to contain antibody domains, for example for ease of expression, detection, stability or increased in vivo half-life.
Read more about how secondary antibodies specifically targeted to the CH2 and CH3 domains of immunoglobulins enable the study of Fc fragments in the development of new therapeutic antibody fragments.
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Anti ABD Blood Grouping Reagents Manufacturer
1. GBCLONE - ANTI “A”, ANTI “B”, ANTI “AB”
DIAGNOSTIC KIT OF RAPID SLIDE & MODIFIED
TUBE TEST FOR QUALITATIVE DETECTION OF ABO
BLOOD GROUPANTIGENS ON HUMAN RED
BLOOD CELLS
it name Kit size Cat. No
GBCLONE Anti A, Anti B, Anti AB 10 ml GB10SER
INTRODUCTION
METHOD PRINCIPLE
REAGENTS
Package
Working reagent preparation and stability
The mouse monoclonal IgM Anti-A, Anti-B and Anti-AB antibodies are
produced “in-vitro” as culture supernatent of selected hybridoma,
obtained by the fusion of mouse antibody producing B-lymphocytes
with mouse myeloma cells. MONOCLONAL SERAANTI-A, ANTI-B
and ANTI-AB are specific IgM immunoglobulin which are directed
against the human red blood cell antigens A,B and AB respectively.
MONOCLONAL SERA immunoglobulins are produced from
individual cell line hence they are identical in their chemical structure
and biological activity.
Human red cells possessing A and/or B blood group antigen will be
agglutinated by MONOCLONAL SERA directed towards the respective
antigen (s), indicating positive test. Absence of agglutination cells with
Anti-A, Anti-B and Anti-AB reagents is a negative test results and
indicates the absence of the corresponding antigen.
GBCLONE Anti - A 10 ml
GBCLONE Anti - B 10 ml
GBCLONE Anti - AB 10 ml
o
1. Store the reagent at 2-8C. DO NOT FREEZE.
2. Unopened vial of MONOCLONAL SERA are stable at 2-8 C till the
expiry date mentioned in the individual label. Preferably use the content of
opened vial within a month.
SAMPLE COLLECTION & STORAGE OR SPECIMEN
AND STORAGE OR SPECIMEN AND STORAGE
Whole blood with anticoagulant. Incase of delay in testing store
sample at 2-8 C.
PRECAUTIONS
1. Although MONOCLONAL SERA contain preservation care
should be taken to avoid microbial contamination.
2. Do not interchange caps of vials and avoid use of turbid
reagents.
3. Bring reagents and samples to room temperature before use.
4. Suppressed or diminished expression of certain blood group
antigens may conversely give rise to false negative reactions.
5. Do not interpret peripheral drying or fibrin strands as
agglutination.
6. All the samples should be considered as if potentially infectious
and handle with due care at all times during testing and disposal.
NOTE
MONOCLONAL SERA are not from human source hence
contamination due to HBsAg (Hepatitis B) and HIV
I + II antibodies is practically excluded.
TITRE
1:256 Macroscopically & Average avidity < 10 seconds with whole
blood.
PROCEDURE
I. SLIDE TEST:
1. Place one drop of MONOCLONAL SERAAnti-A, Anti-B and
Anti-AB on clean and dry slide.
2. To each drop of reagent, add one drop of whole blood mix well
with an applicator stick.
3. Rock the slide gently back and forth.
4. Observe for agglutination macroscopically within 2 minutes.
II. TUBE TEST
INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS :
Agglutination indicates the presence of A and/or B Antigen. No
Agglutination is a negative test result and indicates the absence of A and/or
B antigen.
Anti - A Anti - B Anti - AB Blood Group
+ – + A
– + + B
+ + + AB
– – –
1. Prepare 5% suspension of the RBCs to be tested in isotonic saline.
2. Place one drop of MONOCLONAL SERAAnti-A, Anti-B and
Anti-AB into correspondingly labelled tubes.
3. Add one drop of cell suspension to each tube and mix well.
4. Centrifuge for 1-2 minutes at 1000 RPM or incubate at Room
temperature for 20 - 30 minutes.
5. Gently dislodge cell button and observe for agglutination.
AGGLUTINATION WITH MONOCLONAL SERA :
LITERATURE
1 Landsteiner Kizpur K. Lur Kenntis der fermen tative Lytischen &
Agglutinierenden Wrikungendes Blustserum and Derlymphezbl Bakt
27.357.1900
2. Kohler G. Milstein Nature 256 495 (1975)
3. Technical method & procedure of the American Association of
Blood Bank VI Ed. 1947.
No.18/128, 3rd Floor,
Shanthi nagar 1st Street,
Chrompet, Chennai - 600044, India.
Ph: +91-44-22651845
Email: genuinebiosystem@gmail.com
website: www.gb-group.co.inGBCLONE Anti-ABD Page 1 Rev. 6.17
2. GBCLONE ANTI “D” (IgG+IgM)
DIAGNOSTIC KIT OF RAPID SLIDE & MODIFIED
TUBE TEST FOR QUALITATIVE DETECTION OF
ANTI-D (Rho) BLOOD GROUPANTIGENS ON
HUMAN RED BLOOD CELLS
it name Kit size Cat. No
GBCLONE Anti “D” (IgG+IgM) 10 ml GBSER13
INTRODUCTION
METHOD PRINCIPLE
REAGENTS
Package
Workingreagentpreparationand stability
The Rho (D) antigen is found on erythrocytes of approximately 95% of
the Indian population. The terms “Rh” positive or “Rh” negative are
understood to refer solely to the presence or absence of this antigen
accordingly. Anti D (Rho) monoclonal IgM is used for the detection of
the presence of Rho antigen on the red blood cells.
Human red cells possessing RhoD antigen will be agglutinated by
MONOCLONAL SERA directed towards the respective antigen (s),
indicating positive test. Absence of agglutination cells with ANTI-D
(IgM), ANTI-D (IgG + IgM), Anti - D (IgG),Anti D (Rho IgG + IgM)
reagents is a negative test results and indicates the absence of the
corresponding antigen.
GBCLONE Anti - D (IgG + IgM) 10 ml
o
1. Store the reagent at 2-8 C. DO NOT FREEZE.
2. Unopened vial of MONOCLONAL SERA are stable at 2-8 C till the
expiry date mentioned in the individual label. Preferably use the content of
openedvialwithinamonth.
SAMPLECOLLECTION &STORAGEOR SPECIMEN
AND STORAGE OR SPECIMENAND STORAGE
Whole blood with anticoagulant. Incase of delay in testing store
sampleat2-8 C.
PRECAUTIONS
1. Although MONOCLONAL SERA contain preservation care
shouldbetakentoavoidmicrobialcontamination.
2. Do not interchange caps of vials and avoid use of turbid
reagents.
3. Bringreagentsandsamplestoroomtemperaturebeforeuse.
4. Suppressed or diminished expression of certain blood group
antigensmayconverselygiverisetofalsenegativereactions.
5. Do not interpret peripheral drying or fibrin strands as
agglutination.
6. All the samples should be considered as if potentially infectious
andhandlewithduecareatalltimesduringtestinganddisposal.
TITRE
1:256 Macroscopically & Average avidity < 10 seconds with whole
blood.
NOTE
It is advisable to include known positive and negative controls with every
batch of tests. Observe the controls before reading the tests. The results are
valid only if the result of controls are satisfactory do not observe beyond 2
minutes.
All Rh typing procedure must be adequately controlled by performing
simultaneously a Negative control using a drop 22% Bovine Albumin
instead of Anti-D reagent. Rh grouping test can be interpreted as positive
only if the control tests result is negative. If control test is positive, the test
procedure must be repeated using saline Anti-D(Rho) or Anti-D
(IgG+IgM)
GBCLONEAnti-ABD Page1 Rev. 6.17
Anti-D (Rho) MONOCLONALSERUM are not from Human source hence
contamination due to HBsAg (Hepatitis B) and HIV I & II antibodies is
practicallyexcluded.
I. SLIDE TEST:
1. Place one drop ofAnti - D (IgM) orAnti - D (IgG+IgM) on clean
anddryslide.
2. Add one drop of whole blood or 40% RBCs suspension prepared
in the individuals own serum or in normal group compatible
serum(Neutralserum)
3. Mix well with an applicator stick, leave them in contact for 30
seconds &rocktheslidegentlybackandforth.
4. Observe foragglutinationmacroscopicallywithin2minutes.
II.TUBETEST
1. Prepare5% suspension oftheRBCs tobetestedinisotonicsaline.
2. Placeonedrop of MONOCLONALSERAAnti-D(IgM),
Anti-D(IgG+(IgM) intocorrespondinglylabelledtubes.
3. Add onedropofcellsuspension toeachtubeandmixwell.
4. Centrifuge for 1-2 minutes at 1500 RPM or incubate at Room
temperaturefor45- 60 minutes.
5. Gentlydislodgecellbuttonandobserveforagglutination.
INTERPRETATION OFRESULTS :
Agglutination indicates the presence of Anti D(Rho) antigen. No
Agglutinationis anegativetestresultandindicatestheabsenceof
AntiD(Rho) antigen.
PRECAUTION
1.Blood obtained by finger puncture may be tested directly on a slide. Blood
without anticoagulant should be mixed quickly with the Anti-D serum to
avoidclotting.
In both methods agglutination indicate D (Rho) positive cell type absence of
agglutination generally indicates D(Rho) Negative cell type. However, all
negative doubtful or weak test results should be confirmed by Indirect
Coomb’s test (Du Test) to rule out the possibility or the presence of the rate
Du variantusing polyclonalAnti-D(Rho) serumorAnti-D (IgG+IgM).
LITERATURE
1 Landsteiner Kizpur K. Lur Kenntis der fermen tative Lytischen &
Agglutinierenden Wrikungendes Blustserum and Derlymphezbl Bakt
27.357.1900
2.KohlerG. MilsteinNature256 495(1975)
3. Technical method & procedure of the American Association of
BloodBankVI Ed.1947.
PROCEDURE
No.18/128, 3rd Floor,
Shanthi nagar 1st Street,
Chrompet, Chennai - 600044, India.
Ph: +91-44-22651845
Email: genuinebiosystem@gmail.com
website: www.gb-group.co.in