Essay On Human Evolution

Essay on Evolution
Essay on Evolution
There are many mechanisms that lead to evolutionary change. One of the most important mechanism
in evolution is natural selection which is the differential success in the reproduction of different
phenotypes resulting from the interaction of organisms with their environment. Natural selection
occurs when a environment makes a individual adapt to that certain environment by variations that
arise by mutation and genetic recombination. Also it favors certain traits in a individual than other
traits so that these favored traits will be presented in the next generation. Another mechanism of
evolution is genetic drift. Genetic drift is a random change in a small gene pool due to sampling
errors in propagation of alleles or...show more content...
Some bacteria had genes that coded for enzymes that specifically destroyed certain antibiotics such
as ampicillin. From this incident, scientists were able to deduce that natural selection helped the
bacteria to inherit the genes for antibiotic resistance. Scientists have also been able to use
biochemistry as a source of evidence. The comparison of genes of two species is the most direct
measure of common inheritance from shared ancestors. Using DNA–DNA hybridization, whole
genomes can be compared by measuring the extent of hydrogen bonding between single–stranded
DNA obtained from two sources. The similarity of the two genes can be seen by how tightly the
DNA of one specie bonds to the DNA of the other specie. Many taxonomic debates have been
answered using this method such as whether flamingos are more closely related to storks or geese.
This method compared the DNA of the flamingo to be more closely related to the DNA of the stork
than the geese. The only disadvantage of this method is that it does not give precise information
about the matchup in specific nucleotide sequences of the DNA which restriction mapping does.
This technique uses restriction enzymes that recognizes a specific sequence of a few nucleotides
and cleaves DNA wherever such sequences are found in the genome. Then the DNA fragments are
separated by electrophoresis and compared to
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Evolution And Its Impact On Human Evolution
Humans have gone through many stages of adaptation, allowing for great expansion and our
unrivaled dominance of the earth. So it could seem as though humans have reached the peak of
evolutionary development. Evolution is often thought of as a natural process, and were it not for
humans, this might be true. However, evolution, in the strictest sense, is a change in the genetic
structure of a population (Jurmain, et al., 5). While natural selection is a major contributor to the
process of evolution, humans are no longer as heavily influenced by these forces, as they once were.
In fact, since the dawn of medicine, humans have actively impeded the process of evolution. By
ensuring the survival and reproductive success of those who would otherwise be considered "unfit,"
in that they would not otherwise survive. Francis Galton, and others, suggested regulation to control
reproduction, and reduce/eliminate "unfit" characteristics. The eugenics movement led to a number
of concerns over what the concept of "fitness" entails, often prioritizing physical characteristics over
beneficial traits (Jurmain, et al., 391).
Even today, and with great understanding of human genetics, concerns exist regarding the ability to
control reproduction, and by extension, evolution. Some early works used genetics as a way to
describe how humans differentiated. In one study, researchers sought to reconstruct a history of
human evolution. By combining genetic findings with pre–existing archaeological and

Essay on The Importance of Human Evolution
Introduction
The main purpose of this essay is to critically discuss the importance of an understanding of human
evolution and the history of psychology for the modern psychologist. The essay aims to critically
discuss the study of human evolution which includes some of the species that evolved over the
years before we now have our species, the history of psychology and the different prominent figures
that are responsible for psychology being the field it is today. Finally, how an understanding of this
can aid a modern psychologist. To conclude, this essay will collate previous research done on human
evolution, history of psychology and the importance of this for the modern psychologist.
Human Evolution
Human evolution started with Charles...show more content...
The next major species found after the Australopithecus was the Homo habilis. Around the same
time period they came into existence, two other species were present, homo rudolfensis (Alexeev
1986) and homo ergaster (Archaeology Information n.d). The brain size of Homo habilis was about
590–687 cc, unlike the Australopithecus they should evidence of tool usage (Tobias 1987).
The homo ergaster species has a brain size of approximately 860cc (Australian museum n.d).
They also showed evidence of tool making and there was a possibility of vocalization (). It is
evident through this how the species are becoming more and more progressive, from the first
species discussed not showing evidence of tool making and their brain size getting larger as each
species is evolving. The next set of species is the homo Neanderthalensis; they evolved from a
species named homo Heidelbergensis, who were thought to be the first species that acquired
protolanguage (de Beaune et al. 2009). Homo Neanderthals had a brain size was about 1100–1400
cc (Holloway, Sherwood and Hof et al 2009). They showed evidence of tool usage; they were able
to cope with frequent and dramatic changes in climate/ scenery () This shows that they were more
able to adapt to environmental changes than the previous species discussed.() The Neanderthals
first showed evidence of burial of the dead with gifts and also care for the elderly; this is an
indication of social and cognitive abilities as they were able

Human Evolution Essay
Human Evolution
Human evolution is the biological and cultural development of humans. A human is any member
of the species Homo sapiens, meaning "wise man." Since at least the Upper Paleolithic era, some
40,000 years ago, every human society has devised a creation myth to explain how humans came to
be. Creation myths are based on cultural beliefs that have been adopted as a legitimate explanation
by a society as to where we came from.
The science of paleoanthropology, which also tries to create a narrative about how humans came to
be, is deeply technical. Paleoantropology is the science of the evolution of humans, and it is the base
of all research in that field. Humans have undergone many different changes during the last hundred
...show more content...
We share almost 99 percent of our genetic material with chimpanzees. Yet we have several traits
that are very different. Two legged walking, or bipedalism seems to be one of the earliest of the
major hominine characteristics to have evolved. To accommodate this strange position, we have
developed a specialized pelvis, hip and leg muscles, and an S–shaped vertebral column. Because
these changes can be documented in fossil bone, bipedalism is seen as the defining trait of the sub
family Homininae. Much of the human ability to make and use tools and other objects stem from the
large size and complexity of the human brain. Most modern humans have a braincase volume of
between 79.3 and 91.5 cubic inches. In the course of human evolution the size of the brain has more
than tripled. The increase in brain size may be related to changes in hominine behavior. Over time
stone tools, and other artifacts became increasingly numerous and sophisticated. It is likely that the
increase in human brain size took place as part of a complex interrelationship that included the
elaboration of tool use and tool making, as well as other learned skills, which permitted our
ancestors to be increasingly able to live in a variety of environments.
The earliest hominine fossils show evidence of marked differences in body size, which may reflect
a pattern of the different sexes in our early ancestors. The bones suggest that females may have been
3 to 4 ft in height and

Human Evolution Myth or Fact
The debate of human evolution being fact or fiction has been around for hundreds of years.
Evidence of human ancestry has been found in many parts of the world and these fossils found have
been proven to be human. The parts of the world include Eurasia and Africa. Although fossils are
found in Eurasia, the human ancestor the Hominoidea has been traced back to the Miocene epochs,
which were 23 to 5 million years ago. The Hominoidea is a super–family, which contains many
species that are existent today including: gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzee, and humans.
Throughout history humans have migrated and evolved, as evolution occurred humans became
more technologically advanced, while the other species in Hominoidea remained the same....show
more content...
It closely resembles an enigmatic lineage of human the Denisovans, which until this piece of DNA
was found were in Siberia eighty thousand years ago. The anatomical and genetic divergence
appalled scientists, thus altering human evolution in the last few hundred thousand years. Morally,
human evolution has become even more of a mystery in one portion, while another is well defined.
An allusion at new complexity came from a femur in a cave called Sima de los Huesos. The DNA
from the femur once again was Denisovans, thus corroborating they weren't just in Siberia. Since the
seventies scientist have brought back several fossils from Spain. Dr. Arsuaga alone has found
twenty–eight complete skeletons of humans over three decades. DNA from Spain explained that the
humans in the cave were neither Neanderthal or Denisovan, but a hybrid of the two. Beth Shapiro an
expert in ancient DNA believes the humans from Sima de los Huesos could be yet another branch of
humans. Humans have been interbreeding with the other species too, proven in a discovery that
Neanderthal and human interbreed approximately fifty thousand years ago (Zimmer, 2013). There
are four initial stages of human evolution that don't include pre–human primates which are:
Australopithecus, three million years ago; Homo habilis, two million years ago; Homo erectus, one
million years ago; and Homo sapiens, two hundred thousand years ago to present–day. Human
derivation and evolution transpired in the tropical

Essay on The History of Human Evolution
The History of Human Evolution
By definition, human evolution is the development, both biological and cultural, of humans. Human
ideologies of how the evolution of man came to be is determined by cultural beliefs that have been
adopted by societies going back as far as the Upper Paleolithic era, some 40,000 years ago. Through
the study of paleoanthropology, we have come to determine that a human is any member belonging to
the species of Homo Sapiens. Paleoanthropologists, while studying the evolution of humans, identify
and explain evolutionary changes that occur throughout time that aid in the development of the
human species. It will be through the examination of human physical traits, human origins from
pre–humans to modern...show more content...
Modern humans have a "braincase volume of between 79.3 and 91.5 cubic inches".(Gallagher)
Throughout the development of humans, one can notice that the brain has more than tripled in
size. This augmentation may be related to behavioral patterns of the hominids with an increase in
number and sophistication of stone tools and other artifacts. The art of tool making along with
other learnt skills made it possible for hominids to heighten their ability to live in a range of
different environments. "The earliest hominine fossils show evidence of marked differences in
body size, which may reflect a pattern of the different sexes in our early ancestors".(Gallagher)
Females tended to be smaller, weighing in at about 70 lbs and measuring 3 to 4 feet tall, while
men were on average 5ft tall and weighing 150lbs. This drastic size difference between genders
decreased through time, sometime after a million years ago. "The third major trend in hominine
development is the gradual decrease in the size of the face and teeth."(Microsoft Encarta) Unlike the
apes (from whom we derived) that were characterized by large, tusk–like canine teeth, the earliest
hominine remains were smaller in size and had canines that projected slightly. Also we can see a
reduction in the size of the face and jaws. "In early hominines, the face was large and positioned in
front of the braincase. As the teeth became smaller and the brain expanded,

Human Evolution And The Human Race Essay
This essay is a continuation of an earlier work written for this class. I feel there is room to not only
clarify ideas proposed, but expand and introduce supplemental ones to further define previous claims.
The aim is to propose that though evolution and innovation are incredibly beneficial and important to
the human race, through a series of questionable morals and vast amounts of wrongdoings have
created a situation of over–innovation, or innovating past the point of benefit. Though from a
cynical perspective, it is vital that we question what we do. Are we doing what is truly best for
ourselves, our planet, and our neighbors? Or are we striving so arduously that we have essentially
skewed right from wrong, and found ourselves in a situation that humans have lost the sense of
morals when it comes to how far we can push innovation?
Innovation is the way that species evolve and ameliorate their means to their ends, whatever that
end result may be. Undoubtedly, human evolution is an impressive trend of wise decision
making, trial and error, and frankly luck. To paraphrase a great mind of our time, Richard
Dawkins stated that human creation is a nearly impossible event, and our evolution a rare and
improbable one. In fact, our creation is still being proven as more and more evidence confirms the
idea of The Big Bang. This is because of the pure improbability, it's hard to comprehend and come to
terms with our creation, which is why humans have invented ways to cope

The Future Of Human Evolution Essay
The Future of Human Evolution
Evolution, the science of how populations of living organisms change over time in response to their
environment, is the central unifying theme in biology today. Evolution was first explored in its
semi–modern form in Charles Darwin 's
1859 book, Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection. In this book, Darwin laid out a strong
argument for evolution. He postulated that all species have a common ancestor from which they are
descended. As populations of species moved into new habitats and new parts of the world, they faced
different environmental conditions. Over time, these populations accumulated modifications, or
adaptations, that allowed them and their offspring to survive better in their...show more content...
The question is can humans evolve (physically), that is through changes of some sort to the general
human gene pool, enough to be considered a different species sometime in the future. The answer to
this is tricky. The answer is
"yes" if there is no human intervention and "not likely" (or atleast
controlled) if there is human intervention. The more interesting answer is the latter. The first answer
deserves some mention. Through the subtraction or addition (that is through chance changes of
some sort) of alleles (different forms of a characteristic gene) from the overall gene pool until homo
sapiens are no longer is feasible. One might ask how and were this is occurring. The answer is
human genes are changing all the time through radiation and spontaneous mutations (the latter more
rapidly no than ever since the human population is now larger than ever) and one can see these
changes to the overall gene pool in the disappearance of certain human tribes within parts of Africa
and South America..
These tribes unfortunately take exclusive alleles with them. What about Natural
Selection in present human culture. Some peoples are growing faster than others, for
example–Chinese faster than any other in the present world, thus the large
Chinese population.

The Evolution of Humans Essay
The Evolution of Humans The evolution of humans was (and is) a very important time. The first
being of evolution was Australopithecus Afarensis or "Lucy". Then we moved on to Homo erectus
and Homo Neanderthal. When the weather got hotter, we were Homo Sapiens Sapiens and finally,
the modern man. This evolution did not happen overnight. It took millions of years. The past is
hardly forgotten, but the imminent is next. The future of evolution is being studied as well as the
past. Most people were skeptical of the idea that humans are not a perfect species but scientists all
over the globe have made some shocking discoveries. Now that humans have researched the past
changes, we can assume the future of evolving humans. We can tell we are...show more content...
The evolution of humans took a very long time but it was all in good reason. The Australopithecus
Afarensis was the first "man". The "Lucy" (another name for Australopithecus Afarensis) was an
ape–like creature that roamed for a few million years and was first to discover food. Lucy was first
of many but had the most struggles. The animal starved until it ate and had to learn from
trial–and–error. If the orange berries made you sick, you didn't eat the orange berries. If the sapling
that has red fruits gave delicious food, then you ate that red fruit. Meat did not come until the
Neanderthals starved for any type of food so they hunted. Then came the Homo erectus which is
pretty much a Lucy with less hair. The evolution occurred due to too much hair making Lucy hot.
The Evolution was also for the ice age. But as the ice thawed, we evolved into the Homo Neanderthal
, or Neanderthal. The Neanderthal was a Homo erectus with even less hair than Lucy. The
Neanderthal was the being that created tools and changed life on earth. Forever. When the
Neanderthal created tools, houses came along pretty fast. When the house came along, the need to
climb trees became less and less. After the need to climb trees was unnecessary, the need for long,
climbing toes became useless and so, the long, climbing toes turned to short, stubby toes.
Afterwards, the Homo Sapiens Sapiens came along which no big deal. The beings where just
shedding hair that never grew back. When the hair was lost,

Human Evolution
Human Evolution
Human Evolution, the biological and cultural development of the species Homo sapiens, or human
beings. A large number of fossil bones and teeth have been found at various places throughout
Africa, Europe, and Asia. Tools of stone, bone, and wood, as well as fire hearths, campsites, and
burials, also have been discovered and excavated. As a result of these discoveries, a picture of human
evolution during the past 4 to 5 million years has emerged.
Human Physical Traits Humans are classified in the mammalian order Primates; within this order,
humans, along with our extinct close ancestors, and our nearest living relatives, the African apes, are
sometimes placed together in the family Hominidae because of genetic...show more content...
Associated with these changes is a gradual reduction in the size of the face and jaws. In early
hominines, the face was large and positioned in front of the braincase. As the teeth became smaller
and the brain expanded, the face became smaller and its position changed; thus, the relatively small
face of modern humans is located below, rather than in front of, the large, expanded braincase.
Human Origins The fossil evidence for immediate ancestors of modern humans is divided into the
genera Australopithecus and Homo, and begins about 5 million years ago. The nature of the
hominine evolutionary tree before that is uncertain.
Between 7 and 20 million years ago, primitive apelike animals were widely distributed on the African
and, later, on the Eurasian continents. Although many fossil bones and teeth have been found, the
way of life of these creatures, and their evolutionary relationships to the living apes and humans,
remain matters of active debate among scientists. One of these fossil apes, known as
Sivapithecus, appears to share many distinguishing features with the living
Asian great ape, the orangutan, whose direct ancestor it may well be. None of these fossils,
however, offers convincing evidence of being on the evolutionary line leading to the hominid family
generally or to the human subfamily in particular. Comparisons of blood proteins and the DNA of
the African great apes with that of humans indicates that the line leading to modern people did

Evolution Of Human Evolution
The study of Anthropology has numerous fields including paleoanthropology or the search of
fossilized remains of humanity's ancestors. Paleoanthropology can help explain the theory of
evolution. Evolution is the theory proposed by Charles Darwin and argues that organisms change
physically over time. Part of Darwin's theory of evolution is the idea of natural selection. Darwin
also stated that organisms must have a common ancestor. The theory of human evolution is that
humans evolved from primates. Paleoanthropologists can compare remains to understand show how
humans or hominids evolved.
The evolution of hominins first began in African between 10 to 5 million years ago. The
adaptation which set hominins apart from hominoids or other primates was bipedalism.
Bipedalism is the ability for species to walk on two legs instead of four. Bipedalism is an example
of natural selection. While the skeletal structure of primates allows them to stand on their hind legs
for short periods, the ability to stand on two legs provided many advantages for early hominids.
Bipedalism allowed the hominids to survive and reproduce. Since bipedalism was a practical
adaptation, this trait was passed down through the different species of hominins. While the reason
hominin became bipedal is unknown various theories have been proposed. Theories suggest the
humans became bipedal to adapt to climates affecting our ancestor's ability to gather food. The
theory states that the climate in the caused

Essay on human evolution
The central purpose of this essay is to critically discuss the importance of understanding human
evolution and the history of psychology for the modern psychologist. For the human evolution, the
essay will be addressing on how we and other species descended from our ancestors and how the
different environment has helped to us to become more adaptable. Regarding the history of
psychology, the essay will be discussing on how psychology branched off from the philosophy
approach to become its own science. The essay will then go on discussing how the understanding of
both human evolution and history of psychology would be used by modern psychologist.
Every story has a beginning and an end. To be able to understand the importance of modern...show
more content...
They were full bipedal and their brain size and brain patterns evolved by increasing (590–687 cc).
Their diet was mainly meat which might have an influence on their rapid growth of their brains.
(Tobias 1987).
The next species to appear were the Homo erectus which might have descended from Homo habilis.
They were the first human whose fossils were found outside of Africa. They also had larger brain
than the species before them. Homo sapiens sapiens came after the Homo Neanderthalensis; they are
the only human species around. This could have been due to the result of increase brain sizes that
allows more cognitive abilities that help them adapt to different environment changes and hence
survive. Global evidence have been found of art, music, and culture and advanced tool making. In
Mithen's 3 phase of mind proposes that the shape of the Neanderthals' frontal lobe was similar to the
one of the modern Homo sapiens and this indicated that they were able to cope with complex
cognitive functioning. Evidence for this could be explained using the phonological approach by
Frank Gall (1758–1828).
Human evolution links with the history of psychology through Thomas Wynn's cognitive
archaeology. Thomas Wynn (1979) wanted to find the link between archaeology and psychology. He
used Piaget's theory of development to argue that old humans had functional operational intelligence
which requires for

Evolution Essay
Evolution
Evolution is a complex process by which the characteristics of living organisms change over many
generations as traits are passed from one generation to the next. Many scientists agree on that
concept. They have been trying to develop this theory over hundreds of years to make it reasonable
and beliveable to people. But is evolution the reason that humans are on earth?
People that are not quite religious and have little faith in God believe in evolution. Those who
strongly stand by their beliefs supporting evolution, in my opinion, think they know enough about
science and biology and all the complexities of the cell and the human being that they forgot who
actually created all this. In the Bible, the Quran and most if...show more content...
This is prohibited genetically since all of the information for the development of an organism has
already been encoded in the DNA of its parent. Variation to organisms must remain within its basic
kind...evolutionists have tried to explain that natural selection happened in conjunction with
mutations to the genetic code. This could not produce evolution, however, since mutations do not
create new genetic potential, they just alter what is already there."3 Now genetic alteration, or
mutation is being taken place on animals like pigs and mice to try to have human DNA in their
cells. The chances of this taking place successfully is again very low.
Some evolutionists argue that anti–evolutionists' only sources are either religous or weak scientific
facts. The second law of thermodynamics is broadly accepted by many scientists and states that,
"...anything which is organized , tends with time, to become disorganized. Any physical system left
to itself will decay, or, lose energy and organization within the system...In other words, this law says
that the increase of information required for a life form to evolve could not happen as this increase
in information by itself violates the law."4 This disorganization is also called entropy.
1. http://str.org/free/reflections
"Measurements of the sediment deposited each year as a result of the Nile River's overflow shows
that

Essay about Human Evolution and Adaptation
Over the course of evolution, humans have evolved to adapt the ever–changing conditions to
improve their chances of surviving. Is there still room for natural evolution or has the time come for
us to use our technological innovations and further our development beyond previously thought
possible by biological means. Past trends have shown that as time has passed, significant body
structures have changed to counteract the changes to our environment. The changes that have been
most significant are: dentation; brain size; muzzle angles; average body weight, skull structure. Will
these continue to change and progress along similar trend lines, or has the time come for the
evolution of our species to become technologically driven?
As humans...show more content...
However as the planet warmed, natural selection may have started to favour a slighter stature in
humans. Therefore, as the skeletons and skulls got smaller the brain shrunk in size as a result
(McAuliffe, 2011). Another theory that is circulating the science community is that the decrease in
cranial capacity is attributed to the arrival of agriculture
One theory is that H. sapiens have reached the end of the evolutionary line. As evolutionary changes
have occurred, it is known that these changes become fixed in isolated populations. For example, the
Galapagos Finches that evolved from the mainland species to survive in the unique habitat of the
isolated islands. When natural selection occurs, a genetic mutation, e.g. spine suited to bipedal
locomotion, is passed through the generations, as it provides some benefit to the value of life of the
organism. Eventually this mutated trait becomes the desired gene for further generations. However
if the populations where these mutations are occurring, the potential for significant mutations to take
effect within the gene pool decreases as a result of interbreeding between populations (Owen, 2009).
As H. sapiens have become extremely mobile, as in they can cover large distances thanks to the
development of technological innovations, the possibility between crossbreeding between separate
gene pools of different populations, the possibility that a potentially beneficial mutation can become
the desired gene is

Persuasive Essay On Human Evolution
How did Humans evolve? Everybody in the world had asked this question to themselves and to
others. It has always been a curious topic for people to about human creation especially when an
individual is young. Some tends to ask parent and nowadays some tents to go on google and search
it. But the results for the answers are different in different cases. Like if an individual would ask a
religious parents about creation of humans, they would get more biblical answer that are related to
god [Intelligent Design]. Or an individual could ask this question to a teacher and the answer would
be scientific which has theory and experiments and scientific discoveries [Darwinism]. Or the
young individual can be a kid and ask to his/her friend and get some childish imaginary story. Out of
all of this concept about evolution of humans the legal known concept Darwinism. It is taught in all
the publicly funded school because it has non–biased scientific support compared to other concepts.
But predictably the people believing in the other theory like the Intelligent Design also known as
I.D. would want publicly funded schools to teach I.D. too with Darwinism upon that some people
wants to replace Darwinism with I.D. in Public schools. The public schools should teach Darwinism
because it is scientifically supported by theories and experiments in spite of the flaws in the theory.
The scientific answer for the human evolution is "Darwinism." It is a theory of biological evolution
developed by

Human Evolution Essay
Human Evolution
Human Evolution, the biological and cultural development of the species Homo sapiens, or human
beings. A large number of fossil bones and teeth have been found at various places throughout
Africa, Europe, and Asia. Tools of stone, bone, and wood, as well as fire hearths, campsites, and
burials, also have been discovered and excavated. As a result of these discoveries, a picture of human
evolution during the past 4 to 5 million years has emerged.
Human Physical Traits Humans are classified in the mammalian order Primates; within this order,
humans, along with our extinct close ancestors, and our nearest living relatives, the African apes, are
sometimes placed together in the family Hominidae because of genetic...show more content...
Much later (perhaps 50,000 years ago) hominines were able to cross the water barrier into
Australia. Only after the appearance of modern humans did people move into the New World, some
30,000 years ago. It is likely that the increase in human brain size took place as part of a complex
interrelationship that included the elaboration of tool use and toolmaking, as well as other learned
skills, which permitted our ancestors to be increasingly able to live in a variety of environments.
The earliest hominine fossils show evidence of marked differences in body size, which may reflect
a pattern of sexual dimorphism in our early ancestors. The bones suggest that females may have
been 0.9 to 1.2 m
(3 to 4 ft) in height and about 27 to 32 kg (about 60 to 70 lb) in weight, while males may have been
somewhat more than 1.5 m (about 5 ft) tall, weighing about
68 kg (about 150 lb). The reasons for this body size difference are disputed, but may be related to
specialized patterns of behavior in early hominine social groups. This extreme dimorphism appears
to disappear gradually sometime after a million years ago.
Face and Teeth The third major trend in hominine development is the gradual decrease in the size of
the face and teeth. All the great apes are equipped with large, tusklike canine teeth that project well
beyond the level of the other teeth. The earliest hominine remains

Mid-Term on Human Evolution Essay
2) The concept of descent with modification, or evolution, has a great deal of evidence in its
support. Indicate the major types of evidence.
Some of the major types of evidence that supports evolution are from the similarities that organisms
living on distant locations have to one another. Charles Darwin logic when he summarized his
findings of five year collecting evidence around the world while he was on the HMS Beagle. Darwin
noticed the similarities between animals and plants on the same continent though they were diverse.
On a molecular level protein structures and gene sequences is used to determine the evolutionary
relationship with the random mutations in our genes. Our genes contain instruction to create protein
which...show more content...
An Australopithecus africanus had human–like and ape–like features. Its cranium housed a large
brain with small teethe but its body resembled an ape. It had long arms and a strong sloping face
that juts out from underneath the braincase with a pronounced jaw. The way the pelvis, femur and
foot bones was structured that it walked bipedally. Its shoulder and hand bone shows that they also
was adapting to climbing.
Paranthropus were bipedal hominids that researchers speculate to have descended from the gracile
australopithecine hominids around 2.7 million years ago. They were located in South Africa.
Paranthropus boisei had a specialized skull that had adaptation from heavy chewing. From the top
and side of its braincase to the lower jaw of its chewing mules was anchored by a strong sagittal
crest that was located on the midline of the top of the skull. The Paranthropus boisei had a very
wide and dish–shaped face that it created a large opening to have big jaw muscles to support their
cheek teeth that are four time bigger than one of a human.
5) Explain why variation in skin color is of no use in defining human races.
Variation in skin color does not define human races because with evolution the human species adapt
to where ever they are stationary, Therefor farther away from the origin of that culture is from my
not have the same level of ultraviolent radiation. People that was located near the equator was
exposed strong sun rays

The Evolution Of Human Origins
Initial ideas of human origins are reflected in the ancient mythologies. Later on, religious versions of
human origins appeared. One of the most popular religious theory is creationism. According to it
God had created men and everything else in the world. There are two types of creationism, young
earth creationism and old earth creationism . Ancient philosophy first proposed ideas of the natural
origins of men. Most of its ideas were speculative. It was the product of the ancient philosophers`
imagination, but not a result of researching of objective data. Next Charles Darwin offered the
Theory of Evolution. Until now this theory is the one of the best substantiated theories in the
history of science, supported by evidence from a wide variety of scientific disciplines, including
paleontology, geology, genetics and developmental biology. His theory explains how unguided,
natural mechanism could structure all the processes in the world, while operating in accordance
to the laws of nature . Despite the wealth of evidence from the fossil record, genetics and other
fields of science, some people denounce the theory, invoking a higher being as a designer to
explain the complex world of living things, especially humans. School boards debate whether the
theory of evolution should be taught alongside other ideas, such as creationism. Mainstream
scientists see no controversy. Today a lot of people have deep religious beliefs and also accept
evolution . There is also a theory of

Jorge Riojas
Richard Jacobson
1370.101
17 November 2017
The Evolution of Humans One of the most astonishing things on earth is the human body. They
consist of many organs that work together to maintain the person alive. The humans body
composition is complex, but what was the origin? How did we become who we are today? These
are the questions that intrigued me, and allowed me to understand how the human body evolved over
the years. By the examination of our ancestors, and our body we will understand how we look today.
Human evolution is "the process by which human beings developed on Earth from now–extinct
primates" (Human Evolution, 2017). It is thought that human evolution began with a species of ape
called Australopithecus, or one referred to as Neanderthals. These species most closely resemble the
beginning of humans because they were a type of ape that walked up–right. As time progressed our
primates began to adapt to the environment, and slowly changed into who we are today; Homo
sapiens. Charles Darwin– an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist–was known for developing
the theory of evolution. He explained that evolution was a "decent with modification" (On the
Origin of Species, 1859). This meant that we all originated from a different species. However, we do
not look exactly alike because we adapted to the environment we were exposed to. Although we all
originated form a certain species, after undergoing serval mutations throughout generations to ensure

The Importance Of Human Evolution
Evolution is the idea of similarities among organisms the indicate a common ancestor from which
all species link back to. Michael Park states that "Different species exist because, in the continuous
process of adaptation, species can and do give rise to new species. Environments to which species
are adapted are always changing (Park, 47)." Human evolution is the process of humans changing
from primate ancestors to what is now modern–day homo sapiens. The shared DNA could have
shaped our individual susceptibility to modern day diseases or adaptation to new environments and
climates. Evolutionary history does violate how humans see themselves in the modern world.
However, I believe this is a natural part of evolution that is brought about by the long–term evolution
of a single species. In his book park explains this idea through the idea of adaptation stating that
"Each living species has its own unique set of adaptations to its own unique environmental niche,
and these can be described (Park ,48)." The way humans view themselves is part of the process of
evolutionary history itself the modern worldview is a by–product of our evolutionary history. Park
states that "In fact, we are unique in that we can consciously change certain behaviors if they are not
giving us the desired results (Park, 49)."
Evolution at its core is a change in a species behavior or physical features to adapt and survive in
their environment. However, humans are different as were highly advance humanities views
change based on the time we live rather than biological needs like other animals. For example, one
of the biggest parts of evolutionary history that violates modern human views is our current diet
and an overabundance of food. For most of our evolution, the only foods humans could eat were
those things directly accessible in their local environment, animal or plant. We ate, farmed and
cultivated only what we needed to survive and evolved and change accordingly like, for example,
our teeth and face to meet those dietary habits. Humans have no longer evolved to better solve their
food means rather a technology has involved creating food manufacturing, and cold storage, which
allows almost any food from any part of the world is

Essay On Human Evolution

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