This document summarizes information about anterior communicating artery aneurysms. It discusses that they are the most common site for aneurysms, can bleed in young people, and generally require surgery for treatment. It also notes that clipping is better than coiling for these aneurysms due to the high risk of surgery from their proximity to important brain structures. The document provides details on the circle of Willis, segments of the anterior cerebral artery, branches, recurrent artery of Heubner, anterior communicating artery variations, and surgical approaches for different aneurysm projections.

1. ANTERIOR COMMUNICATING
ARTERY ANEURYSMS
MCH RESIDENT
DEPARTMENT OF NEUROSURGERY

2. INTRODUCTION
• Most common site
• Bleed in young
• Requires surgery
• Clipping better than coiling
• high risk in surgery since close to hypothalamus,optic
apparatus,emotional control areas

3. CIRCLE OF WILLIS

4. ACA SEGMENTS
A1.PRECOMMUNICATING-ICA TO ACOM
A2.POST COMMUNICATING-ACOM TO GENU
A3.GENU TO BODY
A4.AFTER BODY INFRONT OF THE PLANE OF CORONAL SUTURE
A5.BEYOND THE PLANE OF CORONAL SUTURE

6. BRANCHES OF DIFFERENT SEGMENTS
• A1-MEDIAL LENTICULO STRIATE A
• A2-1.RECURRENT BRANCH OF HEUBNER along the lateral wall
2.ORBITOFRONTAL A
• A3-1.PERICALLOSAL A
2.CALLOSOMARGINAL A

7. RECURRENT ARTERY OF HEUBNER
• Important land mark to identifyA1
• diameter 1mm
present in 98% cases
seen by retracting frontal lobe even before A1
• Variations-
1.from dista A1-14%
2.at the level of Acomm-8%
3.Duplication-2%
4.superior to A1-60%
5.Anterior to A1-40%
supplies CN,GP,AL of Internal capsule
C/L face,arm paresis with expressive aphasia

8. ANTERIOR COMMUNICATING ARTERY
• always present
• Incease in diameter as caliber if A1 decreases
• duplicaton in a third
• triplicate in 10%
• Unvisualised in angio in certain cases
• do carotid cross compression test
• anteriro perforators-54
• posterior perforatrs-36
• VARIATIONS-1.accessory Acom
2.duplicates should be preserved
3.only 18 % are transversely oriented.

9. A1 VARIATIONS
• hypoplastic<1.5 mm
• Asymmetry in 10%
• <1mm in 2 %
• APPROACH THE ANEURYSM FROM THE SIDE OF THE DOMINANT A1
BECAUSE THE ANEURYSM PROJECTS TO THE OPPOSITE SIDE.

10. OTHER ARTERIES
ORBITO FRONTAL A
5mm from Acom
supplies gyrus rectus
leads to neck of anurysm
FRONTO POLAR A
14mm from Acom
PERICALLOSAL AND CALLOSO MARGINAL
arise from near Genu
supply cingulate

11. EFFERENT VARIATIONS
BAPTISTA CLASSIFICATION
• TYPE 1-AZYGOS/UNPAIRED ACA-0.3 TO 2%
• TYPE 2-BIHEMISPHERIC A2 ACA-12%
• TYPE 3-ACCESSORY ACA FROM ACOM
MACC

12. ANTERIORLY PROJECTING ANEURYSM
• Favourable for NEUROSURGEONS
1.90 degree away from A2
2.posterior perforators are away
3.ruptured dome is away
4.dome is usually sealed inside frontal lobe allwing addditional
maneuverability
5.tilted away from dominat A1
6.Easy visualisation of C/L A1

14. SUPERIORLY PROJECTING ANEURYSM
• Less favorable for access
1.interposed between C/L A2 AND NEUROSURGEON
2.often adherent to A2-need dissection
3.Displaces perforators posterolaterally
4.requires mobilisation of ipsilateral A2 anteriorly to visualise C/L A2
5.May require fenestrated clip for ipsilateral A2,

15. POSTERIORLY PROJECTING
• most challenging
• Difficult to preserve perforators
• Difficult to apply clip at neck
• Difficult to dissect parent arteries

16. INFERIORLY PROJECTING ANEURYSMS
• DANGEROUS
• Even before proximal control is achieved it may rupture on retractinof
frontal lobes itself. since it may be attached to the optic apparatus
beneath.

17. SURGERY
• Identify 11 arteries
2 ACA
ACOM
2 RHA
2OFA
2FPA
2CMA

18. CONTRIBUTIONS
• YASARGIL-PTERIONAL
• DANDY-LATERAL SUBFRONTAL
• KEMPES-SPHENOID REMOVAL
• NORLEN-GYRUS RECTUS RESECTION
• TANNIS/PPOL-INTERHEMISPHERIC APPROACH

19. PROCEDURE

32. THANK YOU