Answer: Note: Entire skeleton of the code is provided. The below code is implemented as per the declarations provided. Program code: #include #include #include typedef uint64_t weatherlog_t; unsigned int add(unsigned int, unsigned int); unsigned int sub(unsigned int, unsigned int); unsigned int mul(unsigned int, unsigned int); void print_half_nybbles(unsigned int); unsigned int reverse_half_nybbles(unsigned int); int has_odd(unsigned int); unsigned int make_odd(unsigned int); int is_negative(int); weatherlog_t pack_log_entry(unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, int, int, unsigned int, unsigned int); unsigned int get_year(weatherlog_t entry); unsigned int get_month(weatherlog_t entry); unsigned int get_day(weatherlog_t entry); unsigned int get_zip(weatherlog_t entry); unsigned int get_high(weatherlog_t entry); unsigned int get_low(weatherlog_t entry); unsigned int get_precip(weatherlog_t entry); unsigned int get_wind(weatherlog_t entry); int main(int argc, char **argv) { unsigned int i, j; int x, y; unsigned int year, month, day, zip, high_temp, low_temp, precip, avg_wind_speed; weatherlog_t log_entry; printf(\"Enter an integer: \"); scanf(\"%u\", &i); printf(\"Enter another integer: \"); scanf(\"%u\", &j); printf(\"One more integer, please: \"); scanf(\"%d\", &x); printf(\"Please enter a positive integer: \"); scanf(\"%d\", &y); printf(\"i + j = %u\ \", add(i,j)); printf(\"i - j = %u\ \", sub(i,j)); printf(\"i * j = %u\ \", mul(i,j)); if (is_negative(x)) printf(\"%d is negative\ \", x); else printf(\"%d is non-negative\ \", x); if (has_odd(y)) { printf(\"%x has an odd number of bits in its binary representation\ \", y); } else { printf(\"%x has an even number of bits in its binary representation\ \", y); printf(\"but %x has an odd number of bits in its binary representation\ \", make_odd(y)); } printf(\"The half-nybbles of %d (in hex 0x%x) are:\", x, x); print_half_nybbles(x); printf(\"%x with reversed half-nybbles is %x\ \", x, reverse_half_nybbles(x)); printf(\"Enter a year: \"); scanf(\"%u\", &year); printf(\"Enter a month as an integer (1-12): \"); scanf(\"%u\", &month); printf(\"Enter a day as an integer (1-31): \"); scanf(\"%u\", &day); printf(\"Enter a zip code as an integer (0-99999): \"); scanf(\"%u\", &zip); printf(\"Enter a temperature as an integer: \"); scanf(\"%u\", &high_temp); printf(\"Enter another temperature as an integer: \"); scanf(\"%u\", &low_temp); printf(\"Enter rainfall amount as an integer (mm): \"); scanf(\"%u\", &precip); printf(\"Enter a as an integer (km/hr): \"); scanf(\"%u\", &avg_wind_speed); log_entry=pack_log_entry(year, month, day, zip, high_temp, low_temp, precip, avg_wind_speed); printf(\"You entered: %u/%u/%u for zip %5d: high %d F, low %d F, precip %d mm, wind speed %d km/hr\ \", get_day(log_entry), get_month(log_entry), get_year(log_entry), get_zip(log_entry), get_high(log_entry), get_low(log_entry), get_precip(log_entry), get_wind(log_entry)); system(\"pause\"); return 0; } unsigne.

1. Answer:
Note: Entire skeleton of the code is provided. The below code is implemented as per the
declarations provided.
Program code:
#include
#include
#include
typedef uint64_t weatherlog_t;
unsigned int add(unsigned int, unsigned int);
unsigned int sub(unsigned int, unsigned int);
unsigned int mul(unsigned int, unsigned int);
void print_half_nybbles(unsigned int);
unsigned int reverse_half_nybbles(unsigned int);
int has_odd(unsigned int);
unsigned int make_odd(unsigned int);
int is_negative(int);
weatherlog_t pack_log_entry(unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int,
unsigned int,
int, int,
unsigned int, unsigned int);
unsigned int get_year(weatherlog_t entry);
unsigned int get_month(weatherlog_t entry);
unsigned int get_day(weatherlog_t entry);
unsigned int get_zip(weatherlog_t entry);
unsigned int get_high(weatherlog_t entry);
unsigned int get_low(weatherlog_t entry);
unsigned int get_precip(weatherlog_t entry);
unsigned int get_wind(weatherlog_t entry);
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
unsigned int i, j;
int x, y;
unsigned int year, month, day,
zip, high_temp, low_temp, precip, avg_wind_speed;
weatherlog_t log_entry;
printf("Enter an integer: ");

2. scanf("%u", &i);
printf("Enter another integer: ");
scanf("%u", &j);
printf("One more integer, please: ");
scanf("%d", &x);
printf("Please enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d", &y);
printf("i + j = %u ", add(i,j));
printf("i - j = %u ", sub(i,j));
printf("i * j = %u ", mul(i,j));
if (is_negative(x))
printf("%d is negative ", x);
else
printf("%d is non-negative ", x);
if (has_odd(y)) {
printf("%x has an odd number of bits in its binary representation ", y);
}
else {
printf("%x has an even number of bits in its binary representation ", y);
printf("but %x has an odd number of bits in its binary representation ", make_odd(y));
}
printf("The half-nybbles of %d (in hex 0x%x) are:", x, x);
print_half_nybbles(x);
printf("%x with reversed half-nybbles is %x ", x, reverse_half_nybbles(x));
printf("Enter a year: ");
scanf("%u", &year);
printf("Enter a month as an integer (1-12): ");
scanf("%u", &month);
printf("Enter a day as an integer (1-31): ");
scanf("%u", &day);
printf("Enter a zip code as an integer (0-99999): ");
scanf("%u", &zip);
printf("Enter a temperature as an integer: ");
scanf("%u", &high_temp);
printf("Enter another temperature as an integer: ");

3. scanf("%u", &low_temp);
printf("Enter rainfall amount as an integer (mm): ");
scanf("%u", &precip);
printf("Enter a as an integer (km/hr): ");
scanf("%u", &avg_wind_speed);
log_entry=pack_log_entry(year, month, day, zip, high_temp, low_temp,
precip, avg_wind_speed);
printf("You entered: %u/%u/%u for zip %5d: high %d F, low %d F, precip %d mm, wind
speed %d km/hr ",
get_day(log_entry), get_month(log_entry), get_year(log_entry),
get_zip(log_entry), get_high(log_entry), get_low(log_entry),
get_precip(log_entry), get_wind(log_entry));
system("pause");
return 0;
}
unsigned int add(unsigned int i, unsigned int j) {
unsigned int t, r;
t = i ^ j;
while((r = i & j) != 0) {
i = t;
j = r << 1;
t = i ^ j;
}
return t;
}
unsigned int sub(unsigned int i, unsigned int j) {
j = add(~j,1);
return add(i,j);
}
unsigned int mul(unsigned int i, unsigned int j) {
unsigned int k, product = 0;
for(k = 0; k < j; k = add(k,1)) {
product = add(product,i);
}
return product;
}

4. void print_half_nybbles(unsigned int x) {
unsigned int i = 0, t = 0x3;
while(t != 0) {
printf("%u", (x & t) >> i);
t <<= 2;
i = add(i,2);
}
printf(" ");
}
unsigned int reverse_half_nybbles(unsigned int i) {
unsigned r = 0, s = 0, t = 0x3, j = 0;
while(j < mul(sizeof(i),8)) {
r = (i >> j) & t;
s<<=2;
s = add(s,r);
j = add(j,2);
}
return s;
}
int is_negative(int x) {
return (x & 0x80000000) != 0;
}
int has_odd(unsigned int x) {
unsigned int count = 0, i = 0, j = 1;
while(i < mul(sizeof(x),8)) {
if((x & j) == j)
count = add(count,1);
i = add(i,1);
j = mul(j,2);
}
return (count & 1) == 1;
}
unsigned int make_odd(unsigned int x) {
if(!has_odd(x))
x ^= 0x80000000;
return x;

5. }
weatherlog_t pack_log_entry(unsigned int year, unsigned int month, unsigned int day,
unsigned int zip, int high_temp, int low_temp,
unsigned int precip, unsigned int avg_wind_speed) {
weatherlog_t log_entry = 0;
log_entry ^= sub(year,2000);
log_entry <<= 4;
log_entry ^= month;
log_entry <<= 5;
log_entry ^= day;
log_entry <<= 16;
log_entry ^= zip;
log_entry <<= 8;
log_entry ^= high_temp;
log_entry <<= 8;
log_entry ^= low_temp;
log_entry <<= 10;
log_entry ^= precip;
log_entry <<= 7;
log_entry ^= avg_wind_speed;
return log_entry;
}
unsigned int get_year(weatherlog_t entry) {
return entry >> 58;
}
unsigned int get_month(weatherlog_t entry) {
return 0xf & (entry >> 54);
}
unsigned int get_day(weatherlog_t entry) {
return 0x1f & (entry >> 49);
}
unsigned int get_zip(weatherlog_t entry) {
return 0xffff & (entry >> 33);
}

6. unsigned int get_high(weatherlog_t entry){
return 0xff & (entry >> 25);
}
unsigned int get_low(weatherlog_t entry) {
return 0xff & (entry >> 17);
}
unsigned int get_precip(weatherlog_t entry) {
return 0x3ff & (entry >> 7);
}
unsigned int get_wind(weatherlog_t entry) {
return 0x7f & entry;
}
Sample Output:
Enter an integer: 1
Enter another integer: 2
One more integer, please: 3
Please enter a positive integer: 4
i + j = 3
i - j = 4294967295
i * j = 2
3 is non-negative
4 has an odd number of bits in its binary representation
The half-nybbles of 3 (in hex 0x3) are:3000000000000000
3 with reversed half-nybbles is c0000000
Enter a year: 2016
Enter a month as an integer (1-12): 10
Enter a day as an integer (1-31): 5
Enter a zip code as an integer (0-99999): 600028
Enter a temperature as an integer: 12
Enter another temperature as an integer: 34
Enter rainfall amount as an integer (mm): 33
Enter a as an integer (km/hr): 3
You entered: 12/10/16 for zip 10204: high 12 F, low 34 F, precip 33 mm, wind spe
ed 3 km/hr
Press any key to continue . . .

7. Solution
Answer:
Note: Entire skeleton of the code is provided. The below code is implemented as per the
declarations provided.
Program code:
#include
#include
#include
typedef uint64_t weatherlog_t;
unsigned int add(unsigned int, unsigned int);
unsigned int sub(unsigned int, unsigned int);
unsigned int mul(unsigned int, unsigned int);
void print_half_nybbles(unsigned int);
unsigned int reverse_half_nybbles(unsigned int);
int has_odd(unsigned int);
unsigned int make_odd(unsigned int);
int is_negative(int);
weatherlog_t pack_log_entry(unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int,
unsigned int,
int, int,
unsigned int, unsigned int);
unsigned int get_year(weatherlog_t entry);
unsigned int get_month(weatherlog_t entry);
unsigned int get_day(weatherlog_t entry);
unsigned int get_zip(weatherlog_t entry);
unsigned int get_high(weatherlog_t entry);
unsigned int get_low(weatherlog_t entry);
unsigned int get_precip(weatherlog_t entry);
unsigned int get_wind(weatherlog_t entry);
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
unsigned int i, j;
int x, y;
unsigned int year, month, day,
zip, high_temp, low_temp, precip, avg_wind_speed;
weatherlog_t log_entry;

8. printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%u", &i);
printf("Enter another integer: ");
scanf("%u", &j);
printf("One more integer, please: ");
scanf("%d", &x);
printf("Please enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d", &y);
printf("i + j = %u ", add(i,j));
printf("i - j = %u ", sub(i,j));
printf("i * j = %u ", mul(i,j));
if (is_negative(x))
printf("%d is negative ", x);
else
printf("%d is non-negative ", x);
if (has_odd(y)) {
printf("%x has an odd number of bits in its binary representation ", y);
}
else {
printf("%x has an even number of bits in its binary representation ", y);
printf("but %x has an odd number of bits in its binary representation ", make_odd(y));
}
printf("The half-nybbles of %d (in hex 0x%x) are:", x, x);
print_half_nybbles(x);
printf("%x with reversed half-nybbles is %x ", x, reverse_half_nybbles(x));
printf("Enter a year: ");
scanf("%u", &year);
printf("Enter a month as an integer (1-12): ");
scanf("%u", &month);
printf("Enter a day as an integer (1-31): ");
scanf("%u", &day);
printf("Enter a zip code as an integer (0-99999): ");
scanf("%u", &zip);
printf("Enter a temperature as an integer: ");
scanf("%u", &high_temp);

9. printf("Enter another temperature as an integer: ");
scanf("%u", &low_temp);
printf("Enter rainfall amount as an integer (mm): ");
scanf("%u", &precip);
printf("Enter a as an integer (km/hr): ");
scanf("%u", &avg_wind_speed);
log_entry=pack_log_entry(year, month, day, zip, high_temp, low_temp,
precip, avg_wind_speed);
printf("You entered: %u/%u/%u for zip %5d: high %d F, low %d F, precip %d mm, wind
speed %d km/hr ",
get_day(log_entry), get_month(log_entry), get_year(log_entry),
get_zip(log_entry), get_high(log_entry), get_low(log_entry),
get_precip(log_entry), get_wind(log_entry));
system("pause");
return 0;
}
unsigned int add(unsigned int i, unsigned int j) {
unsigned int t, r;
t = i ^ j;
while((r = i & j) != 0) {
i = t;
j = r << 1;
t = i ^ j;
}
return t;
}
unsigned int sub(unsigned int i, unsigned int j) {
j = add(~j,1);
return add(i,j);
}
unsigned int mul(unsigned int i, unsigned int j) {
unsigned int k, product = 0;
for(k = 0; k < j; k = add(k,1)) {
product = add(product,i);
}
return product;

10. }
void print_half_nybbles(unsigned int x) {
unsigned int i = 0, t = 0x3;
while(t != 0) {
printf("%u", (x & t) >> i);
t <<= 2;
i = add(i,2);
}
printf(" ");
}
unsigned int reverse_half_nybbles(unsigned int i) {
unsigned r = 0, s = 0, t = 0x3, j = 0;
while(j < mul(sizeof(i),8)) {
r = (i >> j) & t;
s<<=2;
s = add(s,r);
j = add(j,2);
}
return s;
}
int is_negative(int x) {
return (x & 0x80000000) != 0;
}
int has_odd(unsigned int x) {
unsigned int count = 0, i = 0, j = 1;
while(i < mul(sizeof(x),8)) {
if((x & j) == j)
count = add(count,1);
i = add(i,1);
j = mul(j,2);
}
return (count & 1) == 1;
}
unsigned int make_odd(unsigned int x) {
if(!has_odd(x))
x ^= 0x80000000;

11. return x;
}
weatherlog_t pack_log_entry(unsigned int year, unsigned int month, unsigned int day,
unsigned int zip, int high_temp, int low_temp,
unsigned int precip, unsigned int avg_wind_speed) {
weatherlog_t log_entry = 0;
log_entry ^= sub(year,2000);
log_entry <<= 4;
log_entry ^= month;
log_entry <<= 5;
log_entry ^= day;
log_entry <<= 16;
log_entry ^= zip;
log_entry <<= 8;
log_entry ^= high_temp;
log_entry <<= 8;
log_entry ^= low_temp;
log_entry <<= 10;
log_entry ^= precip;
log_entry <<= 7;
log_entry ^= avg_wind_speed;
return log_entry;
}
unsigned int get_year(weatherlog_t entry) {
return entry >> 58;
}
unsigned int get_month(weatherlog_t entry) {
return 0xf & (entry >> 54);
}
unsigned int get_day(weatherlog_t entry) {
return 0x1f & (entry >> 49);
}
unsigned int get_zip(weatherlog_t entry) {
return 0xffff & (entry >> 33);

12. }
unsigned int get_high(weatherlog_t entry){
return 0xff & (entry >> 25);
}
unsigned int get_low(weatherlog_t entry) {
return 0xff & (entry >> 17);
}
unsigned int get_precip(weatherlog_t entry) {
return 0x3ff & (entry >> 7);
}
unsigned int get_wind(weatherlog_t entry) {
return 0x7f & entry;
}
Sample Output:
Enter an integer: 1
Enter another integer: 2
One more integer, please: 3
Please enter a positive integer: 4
i + j = 3
i - j = 4294967295
i * j = 2
3 is non-negative
4 has an odd number of bits in its binary representation
The half-nybbles of 3 (in hex 0x3) are:3000000000000000
3 with reversed half-nybbles is c0000000
Enter a year: 2016
Enter a month as an integer (1-12): 10
Enter a day as an integer (1-31): 5
Enter a zip code as an integer (0-99999): 600028
Enter a temperature as an integer: 12
Enter another temperature as an integer: 34
Enter rainfall amount as an integer (mm): 33
Enter a as an integer (km/hr): 3
You entered: 12/10/16 for zip 10204: high 12 F, low 34 F, precip 33 mm, wind spe
ed 3 km/hr
Press any key to continue . . .