StartCoroutine in Unity uses coroutines to provide concurrency but not true parallelism. Some key points:
- Coroutines allow splitting a method into sequential steps that are executed across multiple frames, providing the illusion of concurrency but not true parallel execution.
- Unity implements coroutines by yielding at specific points to allow other code to execute before continuing the coroutine on the next frame. This is done on a single thread.
- So coroutines provide concurrency by interleaving execution across frames, but everything still runs sequentially on one thread - it's not parallel.
- The task model can potentially run into issues if there are more tasks than threads to process them. Tasks may end up queued and
Data Structure in C Programming LanguageArkadeep Dey
This document contains program code in C language for various operations on arrays, linked lists, and recursion. It includes programs for 1) creating and manipulating 1D and 2D arrays, 2) basic singly linked list operations like creation, traversal, counting nodes, insertion, deletion and reversal, 3) recursion based programs for factorial, GCD, Fibonacci series, tower of Hanoi and 4) menu driven programs to perform linked list operations like insertion and deletion at different positions. The programs demonstrate basic data structures concepts in C.
this presentation is made for the students who find data structure as a typical subject. the slide of this presentation is made in such a manner that student will find the subject topics such as stacks,queues,linklist,array, etc.. very easy to understand. in simple maner
this presentation is made by the student of BCA second sem: pooja,shaifali,rani,richa,trishla,pallavi,shivani
2. Linear Data Structure Using Arrays - Data Structures using C++ by Varsha P...widespreadpromotion
This document discusses arrays and ordered lists as linear data structures. It describes arrays as a collection of homogeneous data elements that allow direct access via indexes. The key properties of arrays include sequential storage of elements, random access, and calculation of element addresses based on base address and offsets. The document also covers array implementation in C++, one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, row-major and column-major representations, and the use of arrays to represent polynomials, strings and sparse matrices. Finally, it provides a brief introduction to ordered lists and their representation as linear data structures.
1.Bitwise operators
2. Introduction to Bitwise Operators
3. Types of Bitwise Operators
4. Uses of Bitwise Operators
5. Coding example of one of the bitwise operator.
6. Output after executing program using bitwise operator.
7. Thank You
The document discusses stacks and converting expressions between infix, postfix, and prefix notation. It provides examples and algorithms for converting infix expressions to postfix. The algorithms involve using an operator stack to determine the order of operations based on precedence rules. Operands are added to the output string and operators are pushed to the stack or popped and added to the output string based on their precedence.
The document contains programs for various data structures and algorithms concepts in C language. It includes programs for 1) array operations using menu driven program, 2) string operations like pattern matching, 3) stack operations using array implementation, 4) infix to postfix conversion, 5) evaluation of postfix expression and tower of Hanoi problem using stack, 6) circular queue operations using array, 7) linked list operations on student data, and 8) doubly linked list operations on employee data. Each section provides the full code for a menu driven program to perform various operations on the given data structure.
Errors in Python programs are either syntax errors or exceptions. Syntax errors occur when the code has invalid syntax and exceptions occur when valid code causes an error at runtime. Exceptions can be handled by using try and except blocks. Users can also define their own exceptions by creating exception classes that inherit from the built-in Exception class. The finally block gets executed whether or not an exception was raised and is used to define clean-up actions. The with statement is also used to ensure objects are cleaned up properly after use.
StartCoroutine in Unity uses coroutines to provide concurrency but not true parallelism. Some key points:
- Coroutines allow splitting a method into sequential steps that are executed across multiple frames, providing the illusion of concurrency but not true parallel execution.
- Unity implements coroutines by yielding at specific points to allow other code to execute before continuing the coroutine on the next frame. This is done on a single thread.
- So coroutines provide concurrency by interleaving execution across frames, but everything still runs sequentially on one thread - it's not parallel.
- The task model can potentially run into issues if there are more tasks than threads to process them. Tasks may end up queued and
Data Structure in C Programming LanguageArkadeep Dey
This document contains program code in C language for various operations on arrays, linked lists, and recursion. It includes programs for 1) creating and manipulating 1D and 2D arrays, 2) basic singly linked list operations like creation, traversal, counting nodes, insertion, deletion and reversal, 3) recursion based programs for factorial, GCD, Fibonacci series, tower of Hanoi and 4) menu driven programs to perform linked list operations like insertion and deletion at different positions. The programs demonstrate basic data structures concepts in C.
this presentation is made for the students who find data structure as a typical subject. the slide of this presentation is made in such a manner that student will find the subject topics such as stacks,queues,linklist,array, etc.. very easy to understand. in simple maner
this presentation is made by the student of BCA second sem: pooja,shaifali,rani,richa,trishla,pallavi,shivani
2. Linear Data Structure Using Arrays - Data Structures using C++ by Varsha P...widespreadpromotion
This document discusses arrays and ordered lists as linear data structures. It describes arrays as a collection of homogeneous data elements that allow direct access via indexes. The key properties of arrays include sequential storage of elements, random access, and calculation of element addresses based on base address and offsets. The document also covers array implementation in C++, one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, row-major and column-major representations, and the use of arrays to represent polynomials, strings and sparse matrices. Finally, it provides a brief introduction to ordered lists and their representation as linear data structures.
1.Bitwise operators
2. Introduction to Bitwise Operators
3. Types of Bitwise Operators
4. Uses of Bitwise Operators
5. Coding example of one of the bitwise operator.
6. Output after executing program using bitwise operator.
7. Thank You
The document discusses stacks and converting expressions between infix, postfix, and prefix notation. It provides examples and algorithms for converting infix expressions to postfix. The algorithms involve using an operator stack to determine the order of operations based on precedence rules. Operands are added to the output string and operators are pushed to the stack or popped and added to the output string based on their precedence.
The document contains programs for various data structures and algorithms concepts in C language. It includes programs for 1) array operations using menu driven program, 2) string operations like pattern matching, 3) stack operations using array implementation, 4) infix to postfix conversion, 5) evaluation of postfix expression and tower of Hanoi problem using stack, 6) circular queue operations using array, 7) linked list operations on student data, and 8) doubly linked list operations on employee data. Each section provides the full code for a menu driven program to perform various operations on the given data structure.
Errors in Python programs are either syntax errors or exceptions. Syntax errors occur when the code has invalid syntax and exceptions occur when valid code causes an error at runtime. Exceptions can be handled by using try and except blocks. Users can also define their own exceptions by creating exception classes that inherit from the built-in Exception class. The finally block gets executed whether or not an exception was raised and is used to define clean-up actions. The with statement is also used to ensure objects are cleaned up properly after use.
This document provides an introduction to compilers and their components. It discusses the differences between compilation and interpretation. The analysis-synthesis model of compilation is described as having two parts: analysis, which breaks down the source program, and synthesis, which constructs the target program. The major phases of a compiler are then outlined, including lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, intermediate code generation, code optimization, and code generation.
VTU PCD Model Question Paper - Programming in CSyed Mustafa
This document contains Prof. A. Syed Mustafa's answers to a model question paper for the Programming in C and Data Structures course. It includes answers to questions on C variable names, the printf statement, finding the area of a triangle using Heron's formula, determining the size of data types using sizeof, relational and logical operators in C, nested if-else statements, finding the largest of three numbers, do-while loops and calculating factorials, finding the GCD of two numbers using a ternary operator and for loop, and a basic calculator program using a switch statement.
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1. Display a '?' to prompt the user for the first number
2. Read the first number into AL
3. Display a '+' and another '?' to prompt for the second number
4. Read the second number into BL
5. Add AL and BL and store the result in CL
6. Display the message "THE SUM OF"
7. Display the first number stored in AL
8. Display " AND "
9. Display the second number stored in BL
10. Display " IS "
11. Display the result stored in CL
Main ENDP
END Main
The document discusses files in Python. It defines a file as an object that stores data, information, settings or commands used with a computer program. There are two main types of files - text files which store data as strings, and binary files which store data as bytes. The document outlines how to open, read, write, append, close and manipulate files in Python using functions like open(), read(), write(), close() etc. It also discusses pickling and unpickling objects to binary files for serialization. Finally, it covers working with directories and running other programs from Python.
The C programming language was developed at Bell Laboratories in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie. It was derived from an earlier language called B and was created for implementing the UNIX operating system. C is a structured programming language commonly used for system applications like operating systems, databases, graphics packages, and networks. It divides programs into functions and uses a top-down approach, with data moving freely between functions.
Data structure,abstraction,abstract data type,static and dynamic,time and spa...Hassan Ahmed
The document summarizes a group project submitted by 5 students on basic data structures. It discusses topics like stacks, queues, linked lists, and the differences between static and dynamic data structures. It provides examples and definitions of basic linear data structures like stacks, queues, and deques. It also explains how insertions and removals work differently in static versus dynamic data structures due to their fixed versus flexible memory allocation.
Normalization is a process that reduces data redundancy and improves data integrity by organizing attributes into tables based on functional dependencies. The document describes normalization through various normal forms including 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and BCNF. An example of a construction company database is used to illustrate the normalization process of taking an initial table in the sample report format and decomposing it into multiple tables in third normal form through identifying and removing dependencies and anomalies.
This document outlines PHP functions including function declaration, arguments, returning values, variable scope, static variables, recursion, and useful built-in functions. Functions are blocks of code that perform tasks and can take arguments. They are declared with the function keyword followed by the name and parameters. Functions can return values and arguments are passed by value by default but can also be passed by reference. Variable scope inside functions refers to the local scope unless specified as global. Static variables retain their value between function calls. Recursion occurs when a function calls itself. Useful built-in functions include function_exists() and get_defined_functions().
The document discusses various concepts related to functions in Python including defining functions, passing arguments, default arguments, arbitrary argument lists, lambda expressions, function annotations, and documentation strings. Functions provide modularity and code reusability. Arguments can be passed by value or reference and default values are evaluated once. Keyword, arbitrary and unpacked arguments allow flexible calling. Lambda expressions define small anonymous functions. Annotations provide type metadata and docstrings document functions.
File handling in C allows programs to perform operations on files stored on the local file system such as creation, opening, reading, writing and deletion of files. Common file handling functions include fopen() to open a file, fprintf() and fscanf() to write and read from files, fputc() and fgetc() to write and read single characters, and fclose() to close files. Binary files store data directly from memory to disk and allow for random access of records using functions like fseek(), ftell() and rewind(). Command line arguments can be accessed in the main() function through the argc and argv[] parameters.
Log based and Recovery with concurrent transactionnikunjandy
The document describes log-based recovery techniques for databases. It discusses two techniques - deferred database modification and immediate database modification. For deferred modification, writes are deferred until after commit. For immediate modification, writes can occur before commit as long as the log record is written first. The document also covers recovery with concurrent transactions using undo/redo lists and checkpoints.
Let us c (5th and 12th edition by YASHVANT KANETKAR) chapter 2 solutionHazrat Bilal
This document contains solutions to exercises on logical and relational operators in C programming. It includes:
1) Solutions to multiple choice questions testing knowledge of if/else statements and logical expressions.
2) C code snippets to solve problems using if/else statements, logical and relational operators. The problems cover topics like finding profit/loss, even/odd numbers, leap years, etc.
3) Comments on errors in some code snippets and their corrections.
4) More complex C programs using nested if/else statements to determine grades of steel, library fines, triangle validity, and other topics.
This document discusses different uses of the "this" pointer in C++ classes. This pointer points to the object whose member function is being called. It can be used to return the object from a member function, access the memory address of the object, and access data members within member functions. Sample programs are provided to demonstrate returning an object using this, displaying the memory address of an object using this, and accessing a data member within a member function using this->.
Queue is a first-in first-out (FIFO) data structure where elements can only be added to the rear of the queue and removed from the front of the queue. It has two pointers - a front pointer pointing to the front element and a rear pointer pointing to the rear element. Queues can be implemented using arrays or linked lists. Common queue operations include initialization, checking if empty/full, enqueue to add an element, and dequeue to remove an element. The document then describes how these operations work for queues implemented using arrays, linked lists, and circular arrays. It concludes by providing exercises to implement specific queue tasks.
This document provides a 2 mark question and answer review for the Principles of Compiler Design subject. It includes 40 questions and answers covering topics like the definitions and phases of a compiler, lexical analysis, syntax analysis, parsing, grammars, ambiguity, error handling and more. The questions are multiple choice or short answer designed to assess understanding of key compiler design concepts and techniques.
Theory of automata and formal language lab manualNitesh Dubey
The document describes several experiments related to compiler design including lexical analysis, parsing, and code generation.
Experiment 1 involves writing a program to identify if a given string is an identifier or not using a DFA. Experiment 2 simulates a DFA to check if a string is accepted by the given automaton. Experiment 3 checks if a string belongs to a given grammar using a top-down parsing approach. Experiment 4 implements recursive descent parsing to parse expressions based on a grammar. Experiment 5 computes FIRST and FOLLOW sets and builds a LL(1) parsing table for a given grammar. Experiment 6 implements shift-reduce parsing to parse strings. Experiment 7 generates intermediate code like Polish notation, 3-address code, and quadruples
Functions allow programmers to structure C++ programs into modular segments of code to perform individual tasks. There are two types of functions: library functions and user-defined functions. User-defined functions are defined using a return type, function name, and parameters. Functions can be called by value or by reference and can also be inline, recursive, or friend functions.
Contents:
1. Direct Address Table
2. Hashing
3. Characteristics of a good hash function
4. Collision Resolution using Chaining and Probing
5. Static vs Dynamic Hashing
6. Extendible Hashing
7. B+ tree vs Hashing
This C program takes in an integer from the user and converts it to its binary equivalent. It uses bitwise operators like right shift and AND to extract each bit and check if it is 1 or 0. A loop shifts the number by 31, 30, 29 ... 1, 0 bits and ANDs it with 1 each time to extract the bits, printing 1 for each bit that is 1 and 0 for each bit that is 0, effectively converting the decimal number to its 32-bit binary representation.
This document provides an introduction to compilers and their components. It discusses the differences between compilation and interpretation. The analysis-synthesis model of compilation is described as having two parts: analysis, which breaks down the source program, and synthesis, which constructs the target program. The major phases of a compiler are then outlined, including lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, intermediate code generation, code optimization, and code generation.
VTU PCD Model Question Paper - Programming in CSyed Mustafa
This document contains Prof. A. Syed Mustafa's answers to a model question paper for the Programming in C and Data Structures course. It includes answers to questions on C variable names, the printf statement, finding the area of a triangle using Heron's formula, determining the size of data types using sizeof, relational and logical operators in C, nested if-else statements, finding the largest of three numbers, do-while loops and calculating factorials, finding the GCD of two numbers using a ternary operator and for loop, and a basic calculator program using a switch statement.
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1. Display a '?' to prompt the user for the first number
2. Read the first number into AL
3. Display a '+' and another '?' to prompt for the second number
4. Read the second number into BL
5. Add AL and BL and store the result in CL
6. Display the message "THE SUM OF"
7. Display the first number stored in AL
8. Display " AND "
9. Display the second number stored in BL
10. Display " IS "
11. Display the result stored in CL
Main ENDP
END Main
The document discusses files in Python. It defines a file as an object that stores data, information, settings or commands used with a computer program. There are two main types of files - text files which store data as strings, and binary files which store data as bytes. The document outlines how to open, read, write, append, close and manipulate files in Python using functions like open(), read(), write(), close() etc. It also discusses pickling and unpickling objects to binary files for serialization. Finally, it covers working with directories and running other programs from Python.
The C programming language was developed at Bell Laboratories in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie. It was derived from an earlier language called B and was created for implementing the UNIX operating system. C is a structured programming language commonly used for system applications like operating systems, databases, graphics packages, and networks. It divides programs into functions and uses a top-down approach, with data moving freely between functions.
Data structure,abstraction,abstract data type,static and dynamic,time and spa...Hassan Ahmed
The document summarizes a group project submitted by 5 students on basic data structures. It discusses topics like stacks, queues, linked lists, and the differences between static and dynamic data structures. It provides examples and definitions of basic linear data structures like stacks, queues, and deques. It also explains how insertions and removals work differently in static versus dynamic data structures due to their fixed versus flexible memory allocation.
Normalization is a process that reduces data redundancy and improves data integrity by organizing attributes into tables based on functional dependencies. The document describes normalization through various normal forms including 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and BCNF. An example of a construction company database is used to illustrate the normalization process of taking an initial table in the sample report format and decomposing it into multiple tables in third normal form through identifying and removing dependencies and anomalies.
This document outlines PHP functions including function declaration, arguments, returning values, variable scope, static variables, recursion, and useful built-in functions. Functions are blocks of code that perform tasks and can take arguments. They are declared with the function keyword followed by the name and parameters. Functions can return values and arguments are passed by value by default but can also be passed by reference. Variable scope inside functions refers to the local scope unless specified as global. Static variables retain their value between function calls. Recursion occurs when a function calls itself. Useful built-in functions include function_exists() and get_defined_functions().
The document discusses various concepts related to functions in Python including defining functions, passing arguments, default arguments, arbitrary argument lists, lambda expressions, function annotations, and documentation strings. Functions provide modularity and code reusability. Arguments can be passed by value or reference and default values are evaluated once. Keyword, arbitrary and unpacked arguments allow flexible calling. Lambda expressions define small anonymous functions. Annotations provide type metadata and docstrings document functions.
File handling in C allows programs to perform operations on files stored on the local file system such as creation, opening, reading, writing and deletion of files. Common file handling functions include fopen() to open a file, fprintf() and fscanf() to write and read from files, fputc() and fgetc() to write and read single characters, and fclose() to close files. Binary files store data directly from memory to disk and allow for random access of records using functions like fseek(), ftell() and rewind(). Command line arguments can be accessed in the main() function through the argc and argv[] parameters.
Log based and Recovery with concurrent transactionnikunjandy
The document describes log-based recovery techniques for databases. It discusses two techniques - deferred database modification and immediate database modification. For deferred modification, writes are deferred until after commit. For immediate modification, writes can occur before commit as long as the log record is written first. The document also covers recovery with concurrent transactions using undo/redo lists and checkpoints.
Let us c (5th and 12th edition by YASHVANT KANETKAR) chapter 2 solutionHazrat Bilal
This document contains solutions to exercises on logical and relational operators in C programming. It includes:
1) Solutions to multiple choice questions testing knowledge of if/else statements and logical expressions.
2) C code snippets to solve problems using if/else statements, logical and relational operators. The problems cover topics like finding profit/loss, even/odd numbers, leap years, etc.
3) Comments on errors in some code snippets and their corrections.
4) More complex C programs using nested if/else statements to determine grades of steel, library fines, triangle validity, and other topics.
This document discusses different uses of the "this" pointer in C++ classes. This pointer points to the object whose member function is being called. It can be used to return the object from a member function, access the memory address of the object, and access data members within member functions. Sample programs are provided to demonstrate returning an object using this, displaying the memory address of an object using this, and accessing a data member within a member function using this->.
Queue is a first-in first-out (FIFO) data structure where elements can only be added to the rear of the queue and removed from the front of the queue. It has two pointers - a front pointer pointing to the front element and a rear pointer pointing to the rear element. Queues can be implemented using arrays or linked lists. Common queue operations include initialization, checking if empty/full, enqueue to add an element, and dequeue to remove an element. The document then describes how these operations work for queues implemented using arrays, linked lists, and circular arrays. It concludes by providing exercises to implement specific queue tasks.
This document provides a 2 mark question and answer review for the Principles of Compiler Design subject. It includes 40 questions and answers covering topics like the definitions and phases of a compiler, lexical analysis, syntax analysis, parsing, grammars, ambiguity, error handling and more. The questions are multiple choice or short answer designed to assess understanding of key compiler design concepts and techniques.
Theory of automata and formal language lab manualNitesh Dubey
The document describes several experiments related to compiler design including lexical analysis, parsing, and code generation.
Experiment 1 involves writing a program to identify if a given string is an identifier or not using a DFA. Experiment 2 simulates a DFA to check if a string is accepted by the given automaton. Experiment 3 checks if a string belongs to a given grammar using a top-down parsing approach. Experiment 4 implements recursive descent parsing to parse expressions based on a grammar. Experiment 5 computes FIRST and FOLLOW sets and builds a LL(1) parsing table for a given grammar. Experiment 6 implements shift-reduce parsing to parse strings. Experiment 7 generates intermediate code like Polish notation, 3-address code, and quadruples
Functions allow programmers to structure C++ programs into modular segments of code to perform individual tasks. There are two types of functions: library functions and user-defined functions. User-defined functions are defined using a return type, function name, and parameters. Functions can be called by value or by reference and can also be inline, recursive, or friend functions.
Contents:
1. Direct Address Table
2. Hashing
3. Characteristics of a good hash function
4. Collision Resolution using Chaining and Probing
5. Static vs Dynamic Hashing
6. Extendible Hashing
7. B+ tree vs Hashing
This C program takes in an integer from the user and converts it to its binary equivalent. It uses bitwise operators like right shift and AND to extract each bit and check if it is 1 or 0. A loop shifts the number by 31, 30, 29 ... 1, 0 bits and ANDs it with 1 each time to extract the bits, printing 1 for each bit that is 1 and 0 for each bit that is 0, effectively converting the decimal number to its 32-bit binary representation.
This document contains 27 C programming examples covering basic concepts like input/output, arithmetic operations, conditional statements, loops, functions, data types, arrays, strings, pointers, structures and file handling. Some key programs include:
1. A program to add two integers by taking input from the user and printing the sum.
2. Programs to check if a number is even or odd, find the largest of three numbers, calculate factorials and check if a year is a leap year.
3. Functions to reverse a number, check if a number is a palindrome, and find prime numbers.
4. A calculator program using switch case and programs to print patterns like pyramids and Fibonacci sequences.
C Language Programming Introduction Lecturemyinstalab
This document provides examples of C programming code to demonstrate basic concepts like input/output, arithmetic operations, conditional statements, and loops. It begins by explaining the basic structure of a C program with the #include statement, main function, and return value. Several examples are then given to illustrate how to write code to input and output values, perform calculations, check if a number is even or odd, and print a multiplication table for a given number using a for loop. Homework problems are assigned at the end to write programs to calculate rectangle dimensions, circle dimensions based on user input radius, and convert days into years, weeks and days.
The document contains code snippets demonstrating various programming concepts in C including:
- Hello world program
- Infinite loops using while and for loops
- For and while loops to iterate from 0 to 5
- Increment and decrement operators
- Functions to add two numbers and using pointers
- Conditional operators to check odd/even
- Switch statements
- Checking leap years
- Palindrome, perfect, and factorial numbers using recursion
- Greatest common divisor and least common multiple
- Converting between binary and decimal
- Permutations and combinations using functions
- Pattern matching using loops and variables
The document contains 24 C programming examples demonstrating various programming concepts like input/output, arithmetic operations, conditional statements, loops, functions, strings, arrays and matrices. The examples include programs to calculate sum and average, area of shapes, simple and compound interest, employee salary calculation, swapping values, finding largest number, checking vowels, printing tables, factorials, reversing numbers, string operations and matrix addition.
In C Programming create a program that converts a number from decimal.docxtristans3
In C Programming create a program that converts a number from decimal to binary. You must use a stack to complete this assignment. • Void pop() • Void push(int data) • Int top() • Int isEmpty() You must create an implementation of a stack. You may use either an array or a linked list as the underlying structure. You will, at a minimum, need to implement the following stack functions: Your program should take decimal input from the user, and convert it to binary, and simply print it out.
Solution
normal program
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
long int decimalNumber,remainder,quotient;
int binaryNumber[100],i=1,j;
printf(\"Enter any decimal number: \");
scanf(\"%ld\",&decimalNumber);
quotient = decimalNumber;
while(quotient!=0){
binaryNumber[i++]= quotient % 2;
quotient = quotient / 2;
}
printf(\"Equivalent binary value of decimal number %d: \",decimalNumber);
for(j = i -1 ;j> 0;j--)
printf(\"%d\",binaryNumber[j]);
return 0;
}
using stack
.
The document contains examples of various programming tasks in C including checking if a number is even or odd, printing an integer entered by the user, counting the digits of an integer, checking if a character is an alphabet, finding the highest common factor of two numbers, calculating the factorial of a number, finding the number of vowels, consonants, digits and whitespace characters in a string, calculating the length of a string without using the strlen() function, manually copying a string, calculating the sum of natural numbers using while and for loops, displaying the Fibonacci series up to a given number of terms or until a value, and generating a multiplication table for a given number. The examples demonstrate the use of basic programming constructs like if-
1. The document discusses several C programming examples including calculating the area and perimeter of a rectangle, developing a simple calculator program using switch case, and solving a quadratic equation by finding roots.
2. It also provides an algorithm and program to calculate electricity bill charges based on different slabs for units consumed and includes minimum meter charges and surcharge if the amount exceeds a threshold.
3. The examples cover basic programming concepts like input/output, arithmetic operators, conditional statements, functions and provide hands-on practice with writing, compiling and running simple C programs.
The document contains source code for several programs written in C programming language. The programs include: converting temperature between Fahrenheit and Celsius, checking if a number is a perfect square, arranging numbers in ascending and descending order, checking uppercase characters for vowels using switch statement, finding the factorial of a number, finding the sum of numbers between 100-200 divisible by 7, checking if a number is prime or composite, finding the average of five numbers, finding the biggest and smallest number from a list, finding the sum of digits in a number, generating the Fibonacci series, displaying patterns using loops, finding the factorial of a number using recursion, printing an identity matrix, and finding the addition and multiplication of matrices.
The document contains 14 code snippets that provide solutions to common programming problems in C including: printing patterns like numbers, stars, triangles using loops; finding sum of digits, checking palindrome, Armstrong number; sorting arrays using bubble, selection sort; string operations like concatenation; matrix addition; factorial; checking even-odd; Floyd's triangle. Each code snippet includes the header files, function definitions and main function to accept input, call functions and print output.
The document contains 14 code snippets that provide solutions to common programming problems in C including: printing patterns like numbers, stars, triangles using loops; finding sum of digits, checking palindrome, Armstrong number; sorting arrays using bubble sort, selection sort; string operations like concatenation; matrix addition; factorial calculation; checking even/odd number. Each code snippet includes the header files, function definitions and main function to accept input, call functions and print output.
This document contains C program code examples for various programming problems. It is divided into 5 weeks. Some of the programs included are: exchanging values between two variables with and without a temporary variable, finding the sum of digits of a positive integer, generating factors of numbers, calculating the factorial of a number, computing the sine function as a series, generating the Fibonacci sequence, reversing digits of an integer, converting decimal to binary, octal and hexadecimal, calculating terms of a series, and performing basic mathematical operations based on user input. The document provides the code and output for each problem.
Practical write a c program to reverse a given numberMainak Sasmal
This document contains code snippets for various C programming problems and their solutions. Some of the problems addressed include:
1. Writing programs to reverse a number, check if a number is palindrome, and find the smallest of three numbers.
2. Programs to calculate the sum of a series, find the average of numbers, and count vowels and consonants in a string.
3. Additional examples show how to determine prime numbers, calculate the sum of a squared series, find the largest number in an array, and calculate factorials.
4. Other solutions demonstrate checking if a number is odd or even, determining if a character is a vowel, checking for a leap year, and calculating the highest common
Practical write a c program to reverse a given numberMainak Sasmal
This document contains code snippets for various C programming problems and their solutions. Some of the problems addressed include:
1. Writing programs to reverse a number, check if a number is palindrome, and find the smallest of three numbers.
2. Programs to calculate the sum of a series, find the average of numbers, and count vowels and consonants in a string.
3. Additional examples show how to determine prime numbers, calculate the sum of a squared series, find the largest number in an array, and calculate factorials.
4. Other solutions demonstrate checking if a number is odd or even, determining if a character is a vowel, checking for a leap year, and calculating the highest common
Computer programming subject notes. Quick easy notes for C Programming.Cheat ...DR B.Surendiran .
The document provides an overview of C programming concepts including data types, variables, operators, conditional statements, loops, functions, arrays and more.
It begins with basic explanations and examples of comments, print statements, data types, input/output functions. Next, it covers conditional statements like if-else and examples to check even/odd and prime numbers. Loops like for and while are explained along with examples to iterate, count and print patterns. Other topics include functions, arrays, strings, structures and examples programs for calculations, pattern printing and sorting. Overall, the document serves as a useful reference for learning C programming fundamentals and common programming concepts.
The document contains summaries of several C programming examples:
1. Programs to calculate the area and circumference of a circle, find simple interest, convert temperatures between Celsius and Fahrenheit, calculate subject marks and percentages, and calculate gross salary.
2. Additional programs demonstrate swapping values with and without a third variable, finding the greatest of three numbers, determining if a year is a leap year, and identifying integers as odd or even, positive or negative.
3. Further programs check if an integer is divisible by 5 and 11, compare two integers for equality, use a switch statement to print days of the week, and perform arithmetic operations using a switch case.
This document contains C code examples for various programming concepts like functions, loops, arrays, structures, unions, file handling etc. There are a total of 30 code snippets showing how to use different data types, control structures and functions in C programming language. The code snippets range from simple Hello World program to more complex examples demonstrating concepts like recursion, structures, file handling etc.
This document contains C code examples for various programming concepts like functions, loops, arrays, structures, pointers etc. There are a total of 40 code snippets showing how to use different features in C like printing output, taking input, if-else conditions, switch case, loops (while, for, do-while), functions (call by value, call by reference), arrays (single, multi-dimensional), structures, pointers etc. Each code snippet is commented and labeled to explain the concept demonstrated in that section.
The document contains code snippets from multiple C programming practical examples involving functions, pointers, arrays, and parameter passing techniques like call by value and call by reference. Specifically, it includes programs to:
1) Calculate mathematical operations on a number using switch case
2) Check if a number is prime using a user-defined function
3) Sort three numbers in ascending order by passing pointers as arguments
4) Recursively check if a number is prime
5) Sort an array using a pointer
6) Demonstrate call by value parameter passing where the passed values are not modified in the function.
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1. Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Nawabshah
Name : Shamshad Jamali
Roll No : 22BS( IT ) 40
Subject : Programming .
. Fundamental
Submit To : Sir Umair Sheikh
2. Q:1 Ramesh’s basic salary is input through the keyboard. His dearness
allowance is 40% of basic salary, and house rent allowance is 20% of
basic salary. Write a program to calculate his gross salary.
Input:-
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int salary=20000;
salary=20000;
int der=salary*0.4;
int rent=salary*0.2;
int total=salary+der+rent;
printf("Basic Salary Of Ramesh:t%d",salary);
printf("nDearness Allowance:t%d",der);
printf("nRentAllowance:tt%d",rent);
printf("nGross Salary:tt%d",total);
}
3. OutPut:-
Q:2 The distance between two Cities (in km) is input through the
keyboard. Write a program to convert and print this distance in
meters, inches and centimers.
Input:-
#include<stdio.h>
int main ()
{
float km,m,cm,f,in;
printf("Enter Ddistancebetween two cities:");
scanf("%f" ,&km);
m=km * 1000;
cm=km * 1000 *100;
4. f=km *4.425;
in=km *14;
printf("Thedistance in kilometers : %fn" ,km);
printf("Thedistance in feet : %fn" ,f);
printf("Thedistance in inches : %fn" ,in);
printf("Thedistance in meters : %fn" ,m);
printf("Thedistance in centimeters: %fn" ,cm);
return (0);
}
Output:-
5. Q:3 If the marks obtained by a student in five different Subjects are
input through the keyboard. Find out the aggregate marks and
percentage marks obtained by the student. Assume that the
maximum marks that can be obtained by a student in each subject is
100.
Input:-
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int Math, Science, English, Sindhi, Urdu,AggregrateMarks;
float percentageMarks;
printf("Enter the Marks of Math Subject= ");
scanf("%d",&Math);
printf("nEnter the Marks of Science Subject= ");
scanf("%d",&Science);
printf("nEnter the Marks of English Subject= ");
scanf("%d",&English);
printf("nEnter the Marks of Sindhi Subject = ");
scanf("%d",&Sindhi);
printf("nEnter the Marks of Urdu Subject= ");
6. scanf("%d",&Urdu);
/* Calculate AggregateMarks */
AggregrateMarks =Math + Science + English + Sindhi+ Urdu;
printf("nnnTheAggregate Marks of Five subjects are:%d",AggregrateMarks);
/* Calculate PercentageMarks */
percentageMarks = AggregrateMarks/5;
printf("nnnThePercentage Marks of a Student is : %f%",percentageMarks);
getch ();
}
Output:-
7. Q:4 Temperature of a city in Fahrenheit degrees is input through the
keyboard. Write a program to convert this temperature into
centigrade degrees.
Input:-
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
float f,c;
printf("Enter the temperature in fahrenheitt");
scanf("%f",&f);
c=(f-32)*5/9;
printf("temperaturein a centigrade degree:%2f",c);
}
8. Output:-
Q:5 The length & breadth of a rectangle and radius of a circle are
input through the keyboard. Write a program to calculate the area &
perimeter of the rectangle, and the area & circumference of the circle.
Input:-
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
float L, B, R, AR, PR, AC, CC;
printf("Enter the Length of a rectangle(L) = ");
scanf("%f",&L);
printf("nEnter the Breadth of a rectangle(B) = ");
9. scanf("%f",&B);
/*Calculate the Area of Rectangle*/
AR = L * B;
printf("nnTheArea of a Rectangle are = %f",AR);
/*Calculate the Perimeter of Rectangle*/
PR = 2 *(L + B);
printf("nnThePerimeter of a Rectangle are = %f",PR);
printf("nnnEnter the Radious of a Circle(R) = ");
scanf("%f",&R);
/*Calculate the Area of Circle*/
AC = 3.14 * R * R;
printf("nnTheArea of a Circle are = %f",AC);
/*Calculate the Circumferenceof Circle*/
CC = 2 * 3.14 * R;
printf("nnTheCircumferenceof a Circle are = %f",CC);
return 0;
}
10. Output:-
Q:6 Two numbers ae input through the keyboard into two locations C
and D. Write a program to interchange the contents of C and D.
Input:-
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int C, D, f;
printf("Enter the value of C = ");
11. scanf("%d",&C);
printf("nEnter the value of D = ");
scanf("%d",&D);
/*Condition of InterchangeC & D value*/
f = C;
C = D;
D = f;
printf("nnAfter InterchangetheValue of C is : %d",C);
printf("nnAfter InterchangetheValue of D is : %d",D);
return 0;
}
Output:-
12. Q:7 If a five-digit number is input through the keyboard. Write a
program to calculate the sum of its digits.
Input:-
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num, a, n;
int sum = 0;
printf("Enter a FIVEdigit number: ");
scanf("%d",&num);
/*1st digit*/
a = n % 10;
sum= sum+ a;
/*2nd digit*/
a = n % 10;
n = n / 10;
sum= sum+ a;
/*3rd digit*/
a = n % 10;
n = n / 10;
13. sum= sum+ a;
/*4th digit*/
a = n % 10;
n = n / 10;
sum= sum+ a;
/*last digit extracted as reminder*/
a = num% 10;
n = num/10; /*remaining digits*/
sum= sum+ a; /*sumupdated with adding of extracted digit*/
a = n % 10;
sum= sum+ a;
printf("nnnTheSumof FIVEDigit Number %d is = %d",num,sum);
return 0;
}
Output:-
14. Q:8 If a five-digit number is input through the keyboard. Write a
program to reverse the number.
Input:-
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, a, b;
long int revnum=0;
printf("Enter the FIVEdigit number = ");
scanf("%d",&n);
/*1st digit*/
a = n % 10;
n = n / 10;
revnum= revnum+ a * 10000L;
/*reversenumber updated with value of extracted digit*/
/*2nd digit*/
a = n % 10;
n = n / 10;
revnum= revnum+ a * 1000;
/*3rd digit*/
a = n % 10;
15. n = n / 10;
revnum= revnum+ a * 100;
/*4th digit*/
a = n % 10;
n = n / 10;
revnum= revnum+ a * 10;
/*last digit*/
a = n % 10;
revnum= revnum+ a;
printf("nTheReversenumber = %ld",revnum);
return 0;
}
Output:-
16. Q:9 If a four-digit number is input through the keyboard. Write a
program to obtain the sum of the first and last digit of this number.
Output:-
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, a, sum=0;
printf("Enter a Four Digit Number = ");
scanf("%d",&n);
/*1st digit*/
a = n / 1000;
17. sum= sum+ a;
/*Last digit*/
a = n % 10;
sum= sum+ a;
printf("nnSumof Firstand Lastdigit of %d = %d",n,sum);
return 0;
}
Output:-
Q:10 In a town, the percentage of men is 52. The percentage of total
literacy is 48. If total percentage of literate men is 35 of the total
18. population. Write a program to find the total number of illiterate men
and women if the population of the town is 80,000.
Input:-
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
long int totpop = 80000;
long int totmen, totlit, litmen, ilitmen, totwomen, totlitwomen;
long int ilitwomen;
totmen = (52/100) *totpop;
printf("nTotalnumber of Mens in the Town is :tt %ld",&totmen);
totlit = (48/100) *totpop;
printf("nTotalnumber of Literate People in the Town is : %ld",&totlit);
litmen = (35/100) *totpop;
printf("nTotalnumber of Literate Mens in the Town is :t %ld",&litmen);
totlitwomen = totlit - litmen;
totwomen = totpop - totmen;
printf("nTotalnumber of Womens in the Town is :tt %ld",&totwomen);
ilitmen = totmen - litmen;
printf("nTotalnumber of Illiterate Mens in the Town is : %ld",&ilitmen);
ilitwomen = totwomen - totlitwomen;
19. printf("nTotalnumber of Illiterate Womens in the Town is :%ld",ilitwomen);
return 0;
}
Output:-
Q:11 A cashier has currency notes of denominations 10, 50 and 100. If
the amount to be withdrawn is input through the keyboard in
20. hundreds, Find the total number of currency notes of each
denomination the cashier will have to give to the withdrawer.
Input:-
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int amount, A, B, C;
printf("Enter the Amount to be Withdrawn : ");
scanf("%d",&amount);
A = amount / 100;
printf("nNumber of Hundred Notes = %d",&A);
amount = amount % 100;
B = amount / 50;
printf("nNumber of Fifty Notes = %d",&B);
amount = amount % 50;
C = amount/ 10;
printf("nNumber of Ten Notes = %d",&C);
return 0;
}
Output:-
21. Q:12 If the total selling price of 15 items and the total profit earned on
them is input through the keyboard, write a program to find the cost
price of one item.
Input:-
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
float sp, cp, profit;
printf("Enterthe total Selling Price = ");
scanf("%f",&sp);
22. printf("nEnterthe total Profit = ");
scanf("%f",&profit);
cp = sp - profit;
/*Cost price per item*/
cp = cp / 15;
printf("nnnCost Price Per Item are = %f",cp);
return 0;
}
Output:-
23. Q:13 If a five-digit number is input through the keyboard, write a
program to print a new number by adding one to each of its digits. For
example if the number that is input is 12391 then the output should
be displayed as 23402.
Input:-
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num, a, n;
int newnum=0;
printf("Enter a FIVEDigit number = ");
scanf("%d",&num);
/*1st digit*/
a = num/ 10000 +1;
n = num % 10000;
newnum= newnum+ a * 10000L;
/*2nd digit*/
a = n / 1000 + 1;
n = n % 1000;
newnum= newnum+ a * 1000;
/*3rd digit*/
a = n / 100 + 1;
24. n = n % 100;
newnum= newnum+ a * 100;
/*4th digit*/
a = n / 10 + 1;
n = n % 10;
newnum= newnum+ a * 10;
/*5th digit*/
a = n + 1;
newnum= newnum+ a;
printf("nnnOld Number = %d, New Number = %ld",num,newnum);
return 0;
}
Output:-