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Another brick in the wall
- 1. ANOTHER BRICK IN THE WALL?
- 2. In-class practice: Another brick in the wall?: OVERVIEW Online practice: Education & Learning Modal verbs in the past Modal verbs in the past Vocabulary: Education & Learning
- 3. Education & Learning •When was the last time when you've learned something new? Was it difficult? challenging struggle success succeed in practice revise have an objective access to resources broaden your knowledge gain new skills brush up on
- 4. •Look at the infographics presenting different learning styles. What type of learner do you think you are? loss of national identity loss of cultural heritage miscommunication cultural differences unnatural intercultural communication without limits foster mutual understanding fewer con fl icts sense of unity Education & Learning
- 5. •Have you ever heard about any alternative learning methods? enhance your memory boost creativity systematize information organize information stimulate your brain Alternative methodology Complementary activities Relaxation techniques Learning strategies Learning styles Memotechniques Montessori Learning while sleeping Education & Learning
- 6. •How would you describe the education system in your country? exclusive inaccessible outdated brassbound obsolete in fl exible egalitarian equal opportunities inclusive accessible Education & Learning
- 7. Watch the video: •What is the song about? We don’t need no education We don’t need no thought control No dark sarcasm in the classroom Teachers, leave them kids alone Hey, Teachers, leave them kids alone •Are we facing a song that denies the importance of education? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=axWVMr-RpMM Education & Learning
- 8. Did you know ...? •One of the most famous songs by Pink Floyd is a critique of an educational system which, instead of guiding young people towards the discovery of their own abilities and inclinations, too often suffocates their creativity with the imposition of schematic teachings that risk delaying the development of a critical and personal mindset. Not to mention the public humiliations by certain professors who undermine the already low self- esteem of the students. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=axWVMr-RpMM Education & Learning
- 9. Watch the video: •What are the key characteristics of education system in Finland? •Is Finnish education system similar or different from the system in your country? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-DcjwzF9yc&t=291s Education & Learning
- 10. "Have to", "need to" and "could" have their grammatical past form. The function of past and present form is the same. •Had to + inf. (past obligation) We missed the bus so we had to take the train. We had to pay for the hotel in advance. We needed to fi nish this •Could / couldn't + inf. (past ability OR past likelihood) We could use the pool but we never did. Unfortunately we couldn't see the Eiffel Tower from our window. Grammar: Modal verbs in the past
- 11. •Not all modal verbs have their past grammatical form. In this case we use: "modal verb + have + past participle" • Past modal verbs may have different meaning than their present equivalents. •Pay attention to positive and negative forms. e.g. We say "must have been" BUT the opposite is "can't have been". ("Mustn't have been" doesn't exist) Grammar: Modal verbs in the past
- 12. •Must have + past participle (speculation about the past: certainty) The burglars must have used a ladder to climb up the bedroom window. My husband must have taken the car keys. I can't fi nd them anywhere. •Should(n't) have + past participle (past mistakes and regrets, wishes about the past) We should have gone somewhere else. The food here is disgusting! You shouldn't have yelled at Sally. Now she's crying. •Might/may/ could have + past participle (speculation about the past: likelihood) Tom didn't come to the meeting yesterday. He might have been busy working. You were driving so fast! We could have crashed! •Can't / couldn't + past participle (speculation about the past: impossibility) You can't have seen me yesterday in the park. I was at home all day. The waiter must have made a mistake. We couldn't have paid 30 euros for a drink! Grammar: Modal verbs in the past
- 13. If we talk about lack of obligation in the past , we can use : To show that something was simply not necessary We didn't have to pay for the museum. The entrance was free. We didn't need to wait too long. There were only 3 people in the queue in front of us. To show that someone did something which was unnecessary (someone made a mistake or did too much work which wasn't needed) You needn't have made so much food. When are we going to eat all of it? You needn't have studied the last chapter. The teacher said it wouldn't be included in the test. Grammar: Modal verbs in the past
- 14. Grammar: Modal verbs in the past could had to needed didn't have to didn't need to needn't have Life during covid pandemics
- 15. Grammar: Modal verbs in the past could had to needed didn't have to didn't need to needn't have When I was in primary school...
- 16. Grammar: Modal verbs in the past must have may have might have could have can't / couldn't have Yesterday you saw your friend walking down the street and crying.
- 17. Grammar: Modal verbs in the past must have may have might have could have can't / couldn't have Your best friend has recently bought a villa and a Ferrari.
- 18. Grammar: Modal verbs in the past should have shouldn't have needn't have You woke up in the morning and you felt horrible.
- 19. Grammar: Modal verbs in the past should have shouldn't have needn't have A wizard cast a spell on you and you turned 99 years old, so you might die soon. You're looking back on your life.