This document discusses the components of communicative competence. It defines four areas: linguistic competence, sociolinguistic competence, discourse competence, and strategic competence. Linguistic competence includes knowledge of phonology, syntax, morphology, and semantics. Sociolinguistic competence involves appropriate language use in different social contexts. Discourse competence is combining grammatical forms to create coherent texts. Strategic competence refers to communication strategies for dealing with problems in communication. The document also reviews the history of theories around competence and performance and references key scholars in the field.
There are various methods of teaching English.Through those methods students are getting interested in English learning.These are through games,songs and even video films .These ways are not only structural and giving information by words but by miming and acting.
This lesson is over what makes a writer's voice: tone, word choice, and style. This interactive lesson helps students understand the concepts of tone, word choice, and style. Finally, there are tips for developing your own writer's voice.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
9. PHONOLOGY: The mental organization of physical
sounds and the patterns formed by the way sounds are
combined in a language, and the restrictions on
permissible sound combinations.
E.g.: slip vs *slib and *sbill
10. SYNTAX: The structure and
formation of sentences. One can
distinguish between grammatical
sentences and ungrammatical
sentences.
E.g.: My hair needs washing is
acceptable but not *My hair
needs wash
11. MORPHOLOGY: The identification, analysis and
description of units of meaning in a language. One
will know the inflectional and derivational
morphology present in the language, such as the
affixes of words.
E.g.: re-started can be derived but not *re-rich
12. SEMANTICS: Understanding the meaning of sentences.
This is also how a user of the language is able to
understand and interpret the non-literal meaning in a
given utterance. They are three distinctions drawn here:
(i) Meaningful and non-meaningful sentences E.g.: The
accident was seen by thousands is meaningful but not *The
accident was looked by thousands
(ii) Same structure but different meanings E.g.: The cow
was found by the stream but not *The cow was found by
the farmer
(iii) Different structures and still be able to relate the
meanings E.g.: The police examined the bullet. The bullet
was examined by the police.
13. Linguistic theory is concerned primarily with an ideal
speaker-listener, in a completely homogeneous
speech-communication, who knows its (the speech
community's) language perfectly and is unaffected by
such grammatically irrelevant conditions as memory
limitations, distractions, shifts of attention and
interest, and errors (random or characteristic) in
applying his knowledge of this language in actual
performance. (Chomsky, 1965, p. 3)
15. argued that a speaker can be able to produce
grammatical sentences that are completely
inappropriate
also points out that Chomsky's notion of performance
seems confused between actual performance and
underlying rules of performance
16. Canale and Swain (1980)
1. grammatical competence-concerned with mastery
of the language code itself: knowledge of the lexical
items and rules of morphology, syntax, sentence
grammar semantics, and phonology
2. discourse competence-concerns mastery of how
to combine grammatical forms and meanings to
achieve a unified spoken or written text in different
genres- Intersentential meanings
17. 3. sociolinguistic competence-addresses the extent to
which utterances are produced and understood
appropriately in different sociolinguistic contexts
depending on contextual factors
4. strategic competenceis composed of mastery of verbal
and non-verbal communication strategies that may be
called into action for two main reasons: (a) to
compensate for breakdowns in communication due to
limiting conditions in actual communication or to
insufficient competence in one or more of the other areas
of communicative competence; and (b) to enhance the
effectiveness of communication
18. how well a person speaks and is
understood in various social contexts.
This depends on factors such as status of
those speaking to each other, the purpose
of the interaction, and the expectations of
the interaction. The main question is:
how socially acceptable is the person’s use
of English in different settings?
20. The Three Most Common Patterns:
1. NOUN PHRASE is/looks (really) ADJECTIVE.
"Your new kitchen looks great!"
"That dress is beautiful I"
2. I (really) like/love NOUN PHRASE.
" I love your tie!"
" I really like that presentation you made during the meeting."
3. PRONOUN is (really) (a) ADJECTIVE NOUN PHRASE.
"Those are really nice shoes!"
"That was a good point you brought up in class."
• Isn't NOUN PHRASE ADJECTIVE!
e.g. "Isn't your ring beautiful!"
" Isn't your room nice!"
21. • You VERB (a) (really) ADJECTIVE NOUN PHRASE.
e.g. "You did a good job."
"You have beautiful hair."
• You VERB (NOUN PHRASE) (really) ADVERB.
e.g. "You really handled that situation well."
"You explain things so clearly."
• What (a) ADJECTIVE NOUN PHRASE!
e.g. "What a wonderful little girl you have!"
''What a terrific opportunity for you!"
• ADJECTIVE NOUN PHRASE!
e.g. "Nice game!"
"Good job!"
22. Adjectives most often used:
1. nice
2. good
3. beautiful
4. pretty
5. great
Verbs most often used:
like, love
Some other possibilities:
wonderful, amazing, neat,
gorgeous, cute, cool~ (used informally)
23. 1. Compliments are given most often to friends and co-workers, and less often to
strangers or people in your immediate family.
2. Gender
• Women receive far more compliments than men, especially compliments on
appearance.
• Both men and women give women compliments. It is less common for a man
to give another man a compliment, especially on appearance.
• When men do receive compliments from someone, they are most often
complimented on their ability or accomplishments.
3. Status
Compliments on ability Qr accomplishments are most often given by a superior
to a subordinate, such as a boss telling a worker "Good job!" or a teacher telling
a student "Nice paper!"
• A high status woman may receive compliments on her appearance, but a high
status man will very rarely receive such compliments.
24. 1. Self-praise avoidance strategies
• This strategy involves downplaying some aspect of that which was
complimented,
but without disagreeing with the person making the compliment.
• Often the newness or the cost of an object is downplayed.
e.g. A person tells you they like your hat, and you respond with "Really?, I've
had it forever!" or "Oh, I got it on sale, you wouldn't believe bow little it cost
me."
• Americans value equality and use self-praise avoidance strategies as a way of
expressing that they are not better than the other person. This strategy is m:::st
often used with friends.
2. Returning compliment
3. Thank you
• Used when the compliment cannot be returned to the other person.
• Also often used to respond to a compliment from a superior.
25. the ability to fully analyze a languages meaning in its
proper context
26. Student 1: Got the time? Student 2:
Yes, noon.
Waiter: Another drink? Customer: No
thanks?
Parent: Lunch time. Reply: Just 10
more minutes please.!
Teacher: Thinking caps on.
27. TELEPHONE COVERSATIONS
Ring....Child answers: Hello
Voice: Is your father home?
Child: Yes, just a minute.
Child: Dad, telephone!
Dad: I’m busy, take a message.
Child: My dad can’t come to the phone right now can I take a
message?
Voice: Yes, please have him call Dr. Smith at his earliest
convenience.
28. TECHNICAL EXAMPLE
Child: Mom I need a new
mouse, my other one died.
Mother: I don’t want a mouse in the
house!
Child: Mom...for the computer.
29. EDUCATION
Teacher: Oh Vyta, would you like
to read the paragraph on the top of
page 27?
ESL Student: I would rather not.
31. It is something like a chair that you put a child in and push
it (Stroller)-Circumlocution
The car is unmoved. (The car is broken down)-Word
coinage
Electrical stairs (escalator)-Literal translation
What is this called? –Appeal for help
The car was damaged (The car broke down) –
Approximation
He just completed his road…his way.-Self-correction
They are cleaning stuffs,…,things (detergent)-All purpose
word strategy
32. Appeal for help
Asking for repetition
-Pardon, beg your pardon, what, can you say that again
Asking for clarification
Asking for confirmation
-You mean he did not understand it
Comprehension check
33. Canale, M.; Swain, M. (1980). "Theoretical bases of
communicative approaches to second language
teaching and testing". Applied Linguistics 1 (1): 1–47.
Chomsky, Noam(1957). Syntactic Structures. The
Hague/Paris: Mouton. pp. 15.
Hymes, D., "The Ethnography of Speaking", pp. 13–53
in Gladwin, T. & Sturtevant, W.C. (eds), Anthropology
and Human Behavior, The Anthropology Society of
Washington, (Washington), 1962.