The document discusses the quest for a global digital identity system that is secure, embraces anonymity, and can scale to global needs while adhering to common law principles. It critiques current identity solutions and proposes a unidirectional data-flow architecture to enhance security and reduce points of vulnerability. The document also outlines managing identities through immutable profiles, anchored documents, and a fine-chained distributed ledger for transaction tracking.

1. ANONYMITY, TRUST, ACCOUNTABILITY
Romek Szczesniak
Eleanor McHugh

2. Cryptographer
PKI & AppSec
Physicist
System Architecture
1998 InterClear CA
2003 ENUM
2006 Telnic
2011 Malta E-ID
2012 HSBC GC
2014 YOTI

3. DIGITAL IDENTITY - THE GRAIL QUEST
➤ can we create a global identity system that:
➤ nobody owns
➤ cannot be subverted
➤ works on desktop, mobile & IoT
➤ embraces anonymity rather than pseudonymity
➤ anchors to real-world identity documents
➤ embraces UK common law
➤ scales to global needs
➤ transacts in < 500ms

4. CURRENT SOLUTIONS
➤ PKI
➤ SSO
➤ OpenID
➤ IAM
➤ passwords
➤ biometrics

5. COMMON LAW CONTRACTS & TRANSACTIONS
➤ at least one party makes an offer
➤ all parties must then reach mutual assent
➤ and have an intention to create legal relations
➤ an exchange of sufficient consideration must then occur
➤ identification of the parties is implicit
➤ and my be put to the test in court

6. MOBILE DEVICES SEEM RESTRICTED

7. BUT THEY CAN BE ANCHORED TO A TRUSTED SERVER

8. A NAIVE APPROACH TO SHARING IDENTITY
➤ conventional client-server architecture
➤ A must trust B and B must trust Server
➤ each link involves a request-response over HTTPS links
➤ this is noisy and each link is an attack point for flow analysis

9. REDUCING IDENTITY TO A CLEAN TRANSACTION
➤ unidirectional data-flow architecture
➤ B doesn't contact Server, and V doesn't contact B
➤ Server contacts both B and V
➤ each link is less susceptible to flow analysis

10. IMMUTABLE PROFILES
➤ PKI certificate information - too heavy
➤ Attributes – too many, changeable
➤ SSO – not enough information
➤ we need a Goldilocks solution…
➤ fixed collections of one or more attributes
➤ change attributes by creating new profiles
➤ each profile links to its antecedent
➤ use cryptography to secure the version chain

11. MANAGING A PERSON'S IDENTITIES
➤ anchor documents
➤ passport, driving licence, identity card, ...
➤ biometric stream
➤ successions of biometric captures for the person
➤ profile set
➤ a choice of user profiles
➤ credentials
➤ large ephemeral random identifiers
➤ assigned to the [user | device | profile]

12. MANAGING A PERSON'S IDENTITIES

13. RECEIPTS CONFIRM TRANSACTIONS

14. A FINE-CHAINED DISTRIBUTED LEDGER TRACKS RECEIPTS

15. PRODUCING A COMPLETE TRANSACTIONAL IDENTITY SYSTEM

16. APPLICATION: AGE VERIFICATION

17. APPLICATION: AGE VERIFICATION WITH SECURE CHANNEL

18. PATENTS
➤ US2016239658 Digital Identity
➤ US2016239653 Digital Identity
➤ US2016241532 Authentication of Web Content
➤ US2016241531 ConfidenceValues
➤ US2016239657 Digital Identity System