The document discusses various concepts and techniques related to animation, including: - The attributes that can be animated like position, velocity, acceleration, size, rotation, color, etc. - Animation techniques like easing, bouncing, springing, and using vectors. - How to create animations by changing an object's properties over time through triggers like mouse/keyboard input. - Key concepts in animation like velocity, acceleration, friction, boundaries, and collision detection. - How to implement different animation effects like bouncing, wrapping, easing, and springing.

2.  What is animation
 Attributes can be varied
› Position
› Velocity
› Accelration
› Width, height
› Rotation
› Alpha
› Time interval
› Color
 Easing
 Bounce
 Spring
 Tweener
› Performance issue
 Creating Curve / Shapes / Volume
› Application of curve
 Using Vector
› Optimizing ball collision demo

4.  What is animation?
› Particle System Demo

5.  Change of Object’s Properties over time
› What properties to change?
› What objects to apply?
› How to trigger the animation?

6. Visible properties Invisible properties
Position Velocity
Scale Angular Velocity
(width and height)
Rotation Acceleration
Alpha Angular Acceleration
Color Loop interval
(brightness, saturation, tone…)
Depth Sound Volume
Appearance
(e.g. blur filter, shape)

7.  Movieclips
 Text Box
 Sound Object
 Camera (in 3D application)

8.  Static animation
› Timeline
› Pre-programmed animation
 Dynamic animation
› Mouse actions
› Keyboard actions
› Web Cam (Augmented Reality)
› Microphone

9. Initialization
Animation
Loop
Update
properties
No
Animation
Ended?
Yes
Animation
Ended

11.  We will go through…
› Velocity
› Acceleration
› Friction
› Boundaries
› Easing and Springing
› Angular Motion
› Collision Detection
› Frame-based VS Time-based

12.  Velocity
› Rate of change of position over time
 Acceleration
› Rate of change of velocity over time
 Useful formulae
vx = vx + ax, vy = vy + ay
x = x + vx, y = y + vy

13.  There can be energy loss when an
object moves
› Causing the object to slow down
 An easy way to implement friction:
vx *= friction factor
vy *= friction factor
where friction factor is from 0 to 1

14.  The previous method is only an approximation
because:
› In real physics, friction of a moving object has
no relationship on velocity
 Real Physics (acceleration = -0.2)
t 0 1 2 3 4 5
v 10 8 6 4 2 0
 Approximation (friction factor = 0.3):
t 0 1 2 3 4 5
v 10 4 1.6 0.64 0.256 0.1024

15.  However, with the previous method:
› Normal user should not be able to discover
› No change of the sign of velocity
 Write less “if then else” statements in code
 The correct method:
var speed:Number = Math.sqrt(vx * vx + vy * vy);
var angle:Number = Math.atan2(vy, vx);
if (speed > friction) {
speed -= friction;
}
else {
speed = 0;
}
vx = Math.cos(angle) * speed;
vy = Math.sin(angle) * speed;

16.  Bouncing
If (ball.x + ball.width / 2 > right || ball.x – ball.width / 2 < left) {
ball.vx = -ball.vx;
}
If (ball.y + ball.height / 2 > bottom || ball.y – ball.height / 2 < top) {
ball.vy = -ball.vy;
}

17.  Bouncing with energy loss Without Energy loss
With Energy loss
If (ball.x + ball.width / 2 > right || ball.x – ball.width / 2 < left) {
ball.vx = -ball.vx * friction;
}
If (ball.y + ball.height / 2 > bottom || ball.y – ball.height / 2 < top) {
ball.vy = -ball.vy * friction;
}

18.  Screen wrapping
Re-appear in the
other side!

19. If (ball.x - ball.width / 2 > right ) {
ball.x = left – ball.width / 2;
}
else if (ball.x _+ ball.width / 2 < left) {
ball.x = right + ball.width / 2;
}
If (ball.y - ball.height / 2 > bottom) {
ball.y = top – ball.height / 2;
}
else if (ball.y _+ ball.height / 2 < top) {
ball.y = bottom + ball.height / 2;
}

20.  Demo showing
› Friction
› Boundary
› Energy loss hitting wall
› throwing

21.  Velocity is proportional to target distance
 Object moves smoothly and decelerate to the
target position
displacement
Target pos
time

22.  Formula for easing
x += (targetX – x) * easingFactor;;
y += (targetY – y) * easingFactor;;

23.  Acceleration is proportional to target distance
 Objects move smoothly, vibrate and then slow
down through the target position
displacement
Target pos
time

24.  Formula for springing
vx += (targetX – x) * springFactor;
vy += (targetY – y) * springFactor;
//add friction, otherwise the object will never stop
vx *= frictionFactor;
vy *= frictionFactor;
x += vx;
y += vy;

25.  In real world,
› Objects usually move along an arced trajectory
› Objects usually accelerates when start and
decelerate when stop
› This kind of motion create “natural” feeling to us
› Easing is used entired in Mac OS / iPhone!

26.  Tweener is a well-known Flash tweening library
http://code.google.com/p/tweener/
 Easing can be done in just 1 statement
› Can you read the meaning below?
Tweener.addTween(this.ball, {
x: 100,
alpha: 0,
time: 2,
delay: 1,
transition: easeOutExpo
});

28.  Some famous tweening libraries
› Tweener
› TweenLite
› Boostworthy Animation System
› FuseKit
› Go
› KitchenSync
 A comparison of these tweening libraries can
be found at:
http://dispatchevent.org/wp-
content/uploads/2008/04/Tween-Engine-
Comparisons.pdf

29.  Think in polar co-ordinate and then
transform into the Cartesian Plane
(x,y) x = r * Math.cos(θ);
r y = r * Math.sin(θ);
θ

30.  Angular Velocity
› Rate of change of θ over time
 Angular Acceleration
› Rate of change of angular velocity over time
 Angular Friction
 Angular easing
 Angular Springing

32.  Sine curve
 Circle

33.  First person shooter game
› Move up and down when walk
 Biased Value Mapping
› Random number biasing
› My Website’s wallpaper rotator

34.  Rectangular Plane
 Circular Plane
 Cylinder
 Cone
 Helix
 Sphere

35.  Make code simpler
 Same thinking in 2D and 3D space

36.  Add
 Subtraction
 Scale
 Dot production
 Normalize
 Get Length

37.  Collision Detection of a group of sphere
 Explosion Effect in 3D space