Android NDK and the x86 Platform
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This document summarizes Sebastian Mauer's presentation on Android and the x86 platform. It discusses how Android can run on x86 processors, as well as ARM and MIPS. It also covers how to compile C/C++ code into native libraries for different platforms using the Native Development Kit (NDK). Additionally, it discusses tools like HAXM and Intel's TBB and GPA for cross-platform development. Finally, it briefly mentions Intel's upcoming Silvermont microarchitecture and how it will power the next generation of tablets and smartphones.
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Android NDK and the x86 Platform
- 1. Android and the x86 Platform Sebastian Mauer GDG Aachen December Meetup December 16th, 2013
- 2. Who am I? Sebastian Mauer GDG Aachen Co-Lead Software Engineer CS Student I don’t work for Google…yet
- 3. Part I: x86: The new kid on the block?
- 5. Android on x86 is already here
- 6. Android VM Dalvik VM App App App App App App Linux Kernel Hardware
- 7. From Source to Bytecode Java Sourcecode Java Bytecode (.class) Dalvik Bytecode (.dex) JAR Archive Dalvik VM Java VM
- 8. It just works™ • The DalvikVM is already optimized for the x86 Platform • Apps relying on the Android SDK / Dalvik Bytecode will automatically benefit from Platform-specific Optimizations (like SSE & Co.)
- 9. Part II: Going native. The NDK.
- 10. What’s the NDK? • NDK stands for Native Development Kit • Allows to compile C/C++ code to native (read: platform specific) executables/libraries. • Has to be compiled for every platform you want to support
- 11. What’s an NDK app? It’s an Android application that uses native libraries. ! Libraries are .so files, usually found inside libs/CPU_ABI/. ! These libs can be generated from native sources inside jni folder, game engines, or required by other 3rd party libraries. ! There is no 100% native application. Even an application purely written in C/C++, using native_app_glue.h, will be executed in the context of the Dalvik Virtual Machine. !
- 12. NDK Anatomy Dalvik VM Dalvik Bytecode Java Native Interface (JNI) NDK compiled binary Native Platform
- 14. Compile for all the platforms. If you have the source code of your native libraries, you can compile it for several CPU architectures by setting APP_ABI to all in the Makefile “jni/Application.mk”:! APP_ABI=all Put APP_ABI=all inside Application.mk Run ndk-build… ARM v7a libs are built ARM v5 libs are built x86 libs are built mips libs are built The NDK will generate optimized code for all target ABIs You can also pass APP_ABI variable directly to ndk-build, and specify each ABI: ndk-build APP_ABI=x86
- 15. Fat Binaries libs/armeabi Use lib/armeabi libraries libs/armeabi-v7a libs/x86 … APK file Use lib/armeabi-v7a libraries Use lib/x86 libraries
- 16. Part III: We must go deeper. Porting Processor-specific code
- 17. SIMD Instructions • SIMD (Single instruction, multiple data) • NEON Instruction set on certain ARM CPUS • MMX™, Intel® SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3 on Intel® Atom™ processor based platforms
- 18. Easy Way Out: NEONvsSSE.h //******* definition sample ***************** int8x8_t vadd_s8(int8x8_t a, int8x8_t b); // VADD.I8 d0,d0,d0 #ifdef USE_MMX #define vadd_s8 _mm_add_pi8 //MMX #else #define vadd_s8 _mm_add_epi8 #endif //… • Wraps NEON functions and intrinsics to SSE3 – 100% covered • Available at http://intel.ly/10JjuY4
- 19. Memory Alignment By default struct TestStruct { int mVar1; long long mVar2; int mVar3; }; Easy fix struct TestStruct { int mVar1; long long mVar2 __attribute__ ((aligned(8))); int mVar3; };
- 20. Part IV: Ecosystem & Tools
- 21. HAXM (Hardware Accelerated Execution Manager)
- 22. Intel TBB (Threading Building Blocks) Specify tasks instead of manipulating threads ▪ Intel® Threading Building Blocks (Intel® TBB) maps your logical tasks onto threads with full support for nested parallelism Targets threading for scalable performance ▪ Uses proven efficient parallel patterns ▪ Uses work-stealing to support the load balance of unknown execution time for tasks Open source and licensed versions available on Linux*, Windows*, Mac OS X*, Android*… Open Source version available on: threadingbuildingblocks.org Licensed version available on: software.intel.com/en-us/intel-tbb
- 23. Graphics Performance Analyzer • Profiles performance and Power • Real-time charts of CPU, GPU and power metrics • Conduct real-time experiments with OpenGL-ES* (with state overrides) to help narrow down problems • Triage system-level performance with CPU, GPU and Power metrics Available at intel.com/software/gpa
- 24. HTML5 Development Environment (XDK) • Great tools for free • Convenient, cloud-based build tool lets you target all popular platforms & app stores • Write once, run anywhere; code once, debug once, publish everywhere more on: html5dev-software.intel.com
- 25. Part V: The Future
- 26. The Future: Silvermont New 22nm tri-gate microarchitecture ~3X more peak performance or ~5X lower power than previous Atom microarchitecture Intel® Atom™ Processor Z3000 Series (Bay Trail) Next Generation Tablets Merrifield Next Generation Smartphones
- 27. Q&A
- 28. Thanks for your attention.