2. -IOS-INTRODUCTION
iOS comprises the operating system and technologies that you
use to run applications natively on devices, such as iPad, iPhone,
and iPod touch
It was designed to meet the needs of a mobile environment, the
technologies are available only on iOS, such as the Multi-touch
interface and accelerometer support
It not only manages power efficiently but also delivers
outstanding battery life. iOS even ensures that
performance and battery life don’t suffer even if you are
you’re multitasking.
Apple makes both the iPhone hardware and the operating
system, everything works together seamlessly and
intelligently.
iPhone and iOS are made to be used around the world.
The user interface is localized into over 30 languages, and
you can easily switch between them.
3. HISTORY
The operating system was unveiled with the iPhone at the
Macworld Conference & Expo, January 9, 2007. not specify
a separate name for the operating system
Initially, third-party applications were not supported. Later
with the efforts of Steve Jobs, On October 17, 2007, Apple
announced that a native Software Development Kit (SDK)
was under development
On March 6, 2008, Apple released the first beta, along
with a new name for the operating system: "iPhone OS".
On January 27, 2010, Apple announced the iPad, featuring
a larger screen than the iPhone and iPod touch, and
designed for web browsing, media consumption, and
reading iBooks.
In June 2010, Apple rebranded iPhone OS as "iOS".
4. VERSIONS
iOS4:Apple released iOS4 in an effort to reduce the strain on
Apple's servers. iOS4 was the first version of the OS to be a free
upgrade on the iPod touch.
iOS4.0.1:There were several antenna issues in the previous
version, iOS4.0.1 included a fix to the reception signal strength
indicator.
iOS4.1:iOS4.1 for the iPhone and iPod touch was released with
an update fixed some bugs reported by users, improved battery
life and added several new features such as Game Center.
iOS4.2:iOS4.2 was never released but instead iOS4.2.1 was
released which added iPad compatibility. Further on iOS4.2.5
was released as a demo version for the CDMA version of the
iPhone 4.
iOS4.3: The public release of iOS4.3 included many new features
such as a Nitro JavaScript engine in Safari. iTunes Home Sharing
also received a major revision in iOS4.3; it allows users to
connect to their home Wi-Fi networks .
5. FEATURES
Game Center: The most significant feature in iOS4.1
is the Apple’s new Game Center social gaming
service.
Folders: IOS4 came with the introduction of a simple
folder system.
Camera & Photos: iOS4.1 also makes some
enhancements to the iPhone Camera and Photos
apps, providing support for High Dynamic Range
photos, HD video uploads and improved camera
controls on the iPhone 4 and 4G iPod touch.
Bluetooth AVRCP Support : iOS 4.1 provide full AVRCP
support for Bluetooth accessories, allowing for not
only play/pause control but also track navigation
6. IOS TECHNOLOGY
LAYERS
• iOS, there are four
abstraction layers: the Core
OS layer, the Core Services
layer, the Media layer, and
the Cocoa Touch layer.
• The kernel in iOS is based on
a variant of the same basic
Mach kernel that is found in
Mac OS X.
Core OS Layer
Core Os Layer Manage the virtual memory system, threads, the file
system, the network, and interprocess communication with the
frameworks in the Core OS layer. This layer encompasses the kernel
environment, drivers, and basic interfaces of iOS.
7. CONT…
Core Services Layer
Core Services layers contain the fundamental interfaces for iOS,
including those used for accessing files, low-level data types, Bonjour
services, network sockets, and so on. These interfaces are mostly C-based
.
Media Layer
Media Layer allows you to create the best multimedia experience
available on a mobile device with the frameworks in the Media layer.
More advanced technologies that use interfaces based on a mixture
of C and Objective-C is used in Media Layer.
Cocoa Touch Layer
Implementation of a graphical, event-driven application in iOS with
the frameworks is performed in the Cocoa Touch Layer. In the Cocoa
Touch layer, most of the technologies use Objective-C. The
frameworks at these layers provide the fundamental infrastructure
used by your application.
8. ADVANTAGES
Elegant and intuitive interface
Multitasking
The world’s largest collection of mobile apps
Performance and stability that lead the industry
Hardware and software made for each other
Safe and secure by design
It comes with built-in parental control
Ready for business
Works all over the world
9. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
The iOS 5 is the most advanced mobile operating system.
There is a potential in this technology to be enhanced
further due to its features and can lead the Mobile OS
industry and always be ahead
SDK: The iOS SDK Allows the third Party Developers to
develop Applications for iOS. All the Resources are made
available.
Apple makes SDKs available for specific versions of iOS.
Using these SDKs allows you to build against the headers
and libraries of an operating system version other than the
one you're running on.
10. -ANDROID-HISTORY
2003
> Andy Rubin and Rich Miner started the development
of Android OS, establishing Android Inc.
2005
> Google acquires startup Android Inc. to start Android
platform
> Work on Dalvik VM begins
2007
> Open Handset Alliance announced
> Early look at SDK
11. CONT…
2008
> Google sponsors 1st Android Developer Challenge
> T-Mobile G1 announced
> SDK 1.0 released
> Android released open source (Apache licensed)
2009
> SDK 1.5 (Cupcake)
New soft keyboard with “autocomplete” feature
> SDK 1.6 (Donut)
Support Wide VGA
> SDK 2.0/2.0.1/2.1 (Eclair)
Revamped UI, browser
12. CONT…
2010
> Nexus One released to the public
> SDK 2.2 (Froyo)
Flash support, tethering
> SDK 2.3 (Gingerbread)
UI update, system-wide copy-paste
2011
> SDK 3.0/3.1/3.2 (Honeycomb) for tablets only
New UI for tablets, support multi-core processors
> SDK 4.0/4.0.1/4.0.2/4.0.3 (Ice Cream Sandwich)
Changes to the UI, Voice input, NFC
14. WHAT IS GOOGLE’S ANDROID?
A software stack for mobile devices that includes:
> an operating system
> middleware
> key applications
Uses Linux to provide core system services
> Security
> Memory management
> Process management
> Power management
> Hardware drivers
15. BASED ON LINUX
Android uses Linux 2.6 kernel as the hardware abstraction
What are the essences an OS should provide?
> Memory management, process management, IPC
> No virtual memory; specially implemented IPC
Drivers and architecture support
> How to port Android to a new device?
Using Linux vs. Writing a new OS from scratch
> Do all Linux kernel implementations work well on
mobile devices?
16. PROCESS MANAGEMENT
What’s the difference between mobile apps cycle and
desktop apps cycle?
Two key principles
> Android usually do not kill an app, i.e. apps keep
running even after you switch to other apps
> Android kills apps when the memory usage goes too
high, but it saves app state for quick restart later on
> Do they make sense to mobile apps?
19. MEMORY MANAGEMENT
Linux kernel does most of the job
> Page-based memory management
> Virtual address to physical address mapping
> NO virtual memory
> Why do we still need “virtual to physical”
address mapping?
> Why does Android not support virtual
memory?
21. DALVIK VM
Why does Android let developers use Java?
A special Java virtual machine (VM) designed to run with
limited system resource
Memory efficiency
Register machine vs. Stack machine (modern JVM)
> fewer instructions, faster execution
> why does the number of instructions matter?
Running multiple VMs more efficiently
22. MEMORY EFFICIENCY
Shared constant string pool
Share clean (even some dirty) memory between
processes as much as possible
“.dex” files are mapped as read-only by mmap()
Memory efficient JIT implementation
> JIT itself is about 100K
> Code cache and supporting data structure takes
another 100K for each application
24. iOS Android
iOS always just works. Apple's trademark polish permeates its
operating system, and while occasional bugs might appear, they're
quickly fixed. On Android, an application crash could take down the
entire phone, forcing it to reboot.
Android is almost infinitely customizable. If you want to make your
phone look and feel exactly the way you want – and you have a
moderate amount of technical knowledge to make it happen – Android
will give you much more flexibility than iOS. Every part of the Android
interface, from what the icons look like to what fonts you see, can be
tweaked or switched out.
You get better quality apps, sooner. Although the majority of
developers will try to release their apps on both iOS and Android,
many release on iOS first because it's easier to develop for. Android is
a fragmented operating system – most phones that have it installed
aren't running the latest version, which can make development
harder. On the other hand, iOS is consistent across all Apple devices,
and easy to update when a new version comes out.
The phones tend to have fun new features and technologies. Along
with hardware features you won't find on iPhones, such as IR blasters
and NFC chips, Android phones often have unique extras that let you
use your phone in fun and different ways, depending on the
manufacturer.
iOS is a more secure operating system. There are two reasons for
this. First and foremost, Apple employees manually inspect and
validate every single application posted to the iOS App Store before
they're made available to the public. When combined with the
restrictions preventing apps from accessing the operating system
directly, this essentially keeps any virus or malware from infecting
your phone. Additionally, Apple has integrated theft prevention
software into the operating system, which makes it easy to track
where your iPhone goes if it's stolen, and impossible to wipe it or
turn off the GPS tracker without entering your password.
You can have your pick of phone at any price point. Android is the
default operating system for most of the phones that manufacturers
offer. Between the various brands and the many devices they have at
difference prices, there's plenty of variety for you to pick from.
