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Real Time Android

      Akshar
     24/8/11
Objective
• Having an Android based device capable of
  running hard real time tasks
Why?
• Robust embedded linux kernel
• Community supported open souce native
  libraries
• Well thought partitioning between managed
  and unmanaged code
• Well developed/documented APIs for HMI.
What Android lacks
• Safety Critical features
• Real-Time kernel
• Not much support of digital analog I/O. wired
  interfaces etc. [typically required in SCRT
  scenarios]
Android Kernel
Android Kernel
• 2.6.25 kernel modified specifically for low
  power, low CPU, portable devices.
• Translates to 75 edits and 88 new file
  additions
• 5 changes to scheduler mostly to the run-
  queue locking
• IPC Binder is new feature by Google.
Android Applications
• Each Android app is a process
• Scheduled by the underlying Linux scheduler
  (SCHED_OTHER)
• Memory management however is done by
  Dalvik VM
Applications in android
RT Suitability
• Android Kernel uses the same Completely Fair
  Scheduler of Linux 2.6
• The libc implementation for Android is called
  bionic and it does not support process level
  mutexes but supports thread level mutexes
  and conditions.
• No implementation of priority inheritance/
  ceiling is present
Possible Approache
Available hypervisors
•   RTAI
•   RT-Linux
•   RT patch set for linux
•   Our own SParK
RTAI
• RTAI patch is not compatible with android
  kernel out of the box. [Already tried that]
RT patch set (PREEMPT_RT)
• Uses 2.6’s new features such as
  CONFIG_PREEMPT
• Well documented
• Seems doable at the moment
SPaRK
• Can it run a rich non RT OS like android on top
  of it ?
• Documentation?
• Community Support?
To Summarize
• Can we build a system with one periodic HARD
  REAL TIME task along with Android?
  – For simplicity we will assume that this task will not
    share any resources with other Android Processes.
References
• http://www.linuxjournal.com/magazine/real-time-linux-kernel-
  scheduler
• Evaluating Android for Real Time Applications (OSPERT -2010)
• http://embedded-computing.com/android-rtos-duo-todays-
  medical-devices
• Reliable Real-Time Applications on Android OS
• An In-Vehicle Infotainment Software Architecture Based on Google
  Android
• http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-completely-
  fair-scheduler/
• http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-cfs/index.html
• http://www.scandevconf.se/db/Marakana-Android-Internals.pdf

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Android and Hard Real Time

  • 1. Real Time Android Akshar 24/8/11
  • 2. Objective • Having an Android based device capable of running hard real time tasks
  • 3. Why? • Robust embedded linux kernel • Community supported open souce native libraries • Well thought partitioning between managed and unmanaged code • Well developed/documented APIs for HMI.
  • 4. What Android lacks • Safety Critical features • Real-Time kernel • Not much support of digital analog I/O. wired interfaces etc. [typically required in SCRT scenarios]
  • 6. Android Kernel • 2.6.25 kernel modified specifically for low power, low CPU, portable devices. • Translates to 75 edits and 88 new file additions • 5 changes to scheduler mostly to the run- queue locking • IPC Binder is new feature by Google.
  • 7. Android Applications • Each Android app is a process • Scheduled by the underlying Linux scheduler (SCHED_OTHER) • Memory management however is done by Dalvik VM
  • 9. RT Suitability • Android Kernel uses the same Completely Fair Scheduler of Linux 2.6 • The libc implementation for Android is called bionic and it does not support process level mutexes but supports thread level mutexes and conditions. • No implementation of priority inheritance/ ceiling is present
  • 11. Available hypervisors • RTAI • RT-Linux • RT patch set for linux • Our own SParK
  • 12. RTAI • RTAI patch is not compatible with android kernel out of the box. [Already tried that]
  • 13. RT patch set (PREEMPT_RT) • Uses 2.6’s new features such as CONFIG_PREEMPT • Well documented • Seems doable at the moment
  • 14. SPaRK • Can it run a rich non RT OS like android on top of it ? • Documentation? • Community Support?
  • 15. To Summarize • Can we build a system with one periodic HARD REAL TIME task along with Android? – For simplicity we will assume that this task will not share any resources with other Android Processes.
  • 16. References • http://www.linuxjournal.com/magazine/real-time-linux-kernel- scheduler • Evaluating Android for Real Time Applications (OSPERT -2010) • http://embedded-computing.com/android-rtos-duo-todays- medical-devices • Reliable Real-Time Applications on Android OS • An In-Vehicle Infotainment Software Architecture Based on Google Android • http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-completely- fair-scheduler/ • http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-cfs/index.html • http://www.scandevconf.se/db/Marakana-Android-Internals.pdf