Android is an open-source mobile operating system developed by a consortium known as the Open Handset Alliance and primarily powered by the Linux kernel, allowing for rapid application development in Java. Since its acquisition by Google in 2005, Android has evolved with multiple versions and a large ecosystem of applications, currently housing over 300,000 applications and installed on more than 130 million devices. The platform's security features include running applications in a sandbox environment, while it faces legal challenges regarding patent infringements from companies like Oracle and Microsoft.

1. ANDROID OPERATING
SYSTEM

2. INTRODUCTION TO ANDROID
 An Open Handset Alliance (OHA) project
 Powered by Linux operating system
 Fast application development in Java
 A complete stack – OS, Middleware, Applications
 Open source under the Apache 2 license
 Open software platform for mobile development

3. HISTORY
 Android INC was founded in palo alto , california
united states on october 2003
 Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears and Chris white
developed the android
 Google acquired android inc on august 17 2005, and it
became a wholly owned subsidary Google inc

5. LINUX KERNEL
• NetworkingWorks as a HAL
• Device drivers
• Memory management
• Process management

6. LIBRARIES
• C/C++ libraries
• Interface through Java
• Surface manager – Handling UI
Windows
• 2D and 3D graphics
• Media codecs, SQLite, Browser engine

7. ANDROID RUNTIME
• Dalvik VM
– Dex files
– Compact and efficient than class
files
– Limited memory and battery
power
• Core Libraries
– Java 5 Std edition
– Collections, I/O etc…

8. Application Framework
• API interface
• Activity manager –
manages application life
cycle.

9. DEVICES

10. Open Handset Alliance(OHA)
 Open Handset Alliance is a consortium of several
companies
 On november 5 2007 Bradcom Corp, Google,
HTC,Intel,LG,Marvell tech group,Motorola,
NVIDIA,Qualcom,Samsung elctronics,sprint,
Nextel,T-mobile and Texas instruments joined OHA
 On December 9 2008 14 other new members including
Garmin Ltd,Sony ericson ,Toshiba etc joined OHA

11. VERSION HISTORY
 Still now android have come up with many versions
 1.5 – Cupcake
 1.6 – Donut
 2.0,2.1 – Eclair
 2.2 - Froyo
 2.3 – Gingerbread
 3.0,3.1,3.2 – Honeycomb
 4.0 – Icecream sandwich
 4.1 –jellybean
 4.4-kitkat
 5.0-lollypop

12. Features
 Handset layouts
 Storage
 Connectivity
 Messaging
 Multiple language support
 Web browser
 Java support
 Media support etc…

13. Android Market
 Its is the online software store developed by Google for
android devices
 It is preinstalled in all android devices
 There are more than 300,000 applications available in
the android market
 The estimated number of applications downloaded
from the android market as of December 2011 exceeded
10 billion
 The Operating system itself is installed in more than
130 million devices

14. Application security
 Android applications run in a sand box, an isolated
area of the OS that does not have access to the rest of
the system resources unless the permission is granted
by the user
 In august 2010, kaspersky lab reported detection of the
first mallicious program for android named as Trojan-
SMS.AndroidOS.fakeplayer.a, an SMS trojan
 AVG tech,Avast,Kaspersky are some of the well known
antivirus softwares present in the android market

15. Market Share
 Research company canalys estimated in q2 2009 that
android had a 2.8% share of worldwide smartphone
shipments
 By q4 2010 this had grown to 33%
 By q3 2011 gartner estimated more than half (52.5%)
the smartphones in the market belongs to the Android
OS
 Over 700,000 android devices are getting activated
everyday all over the world

16. Licensing
 The source code for android is available under free and
open source software licenses
 Google published their linux kernel changes under the
GNU general public license version and the rest of the
code under the Apache license version 2.0

17. Patents
 Oracle sued Google over claimed infringement of
copyrights and patents related to the java
programming language
 Microsoft has also sued several manufacturer of
android devices for patent infringement
 In august 2011, Google started the process of
purchasing Motorola mobility for us$ 12.5 billion
 In December 2011 google aqauired in the region of a
thousand patents from IBM,which may aid in defense
against oracle

18. Advantages
 While android is designed primarily for smartphones
and tablets , but due to its coustomizable nature its
used on other electronic devices like
smartbooks,laptops, wristwatches etc..
 As more than 300,000 applications are available in
android market we can install the applications which
are required according to our usage

19.  Android devices are having its wide usage and
popularity because its having the applications
which are useful for mail checking and social
networking etc….

20. THANK YOU