Android is an open source, Linux-based operating system for mobile devices like smartphones and tablets. It was developed by Android Inc, which was acquired by Google in 2005. The Android platform allows device manufacturers and developers to modify and customize the OS. It has a large community of developers writing applications and has become the world's most widely used smartphone platform, with over 75% market share. Key features include support for connectivity technologies, messaging, multiple languages, web browsing, media playback, and Bluetooth connectivity.

1. Android and Android
Phones.

2. Android
Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google. It is
used by several smartphones, such as the Motorola Droid, the
Samsung Galaxy, and Google's own Nexus One.
The Android operating system (OS) is based on the open Linux
kernel. Unlike the iPhone OS, Android is open source, meaning
developers can modify and customize the OS for each phone.
Therefore, different Android-based phones may have different
graphical user interfaces GUIs even though they use the same
OS.

3. Android phones typically come with several built-in applications and
also support third-party programs. Developers can create programs
for Android using the free Android SDK (Software Developer Kit).
Android programs are written in Java and run through Google's
"Davlik" virtual machine, which is optimized for mobile devices. Users
can download Android "apps" from the online Android Market.
Since several manufacturers make Android-based phones, it is not
always easy to tell if a phone is running the Android operating
system. If you are unsure what operating system a phone uses, you
can often find the system information by selecting "About" in the
Settings menu. The name "Android" comes from the term android,
which refers to a robot designed to look and act like a human.

4. Android is a Linux-based operating system designed primarily
for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet
computers. Initially developed by Android, Inc., which Google
backed financially and later purchased in 2005,Android was
unveiled in 2007 along with the founding of the Open Handset
Alliance: a consortium of hardware, software, and
telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open
standards for mobile devices. The first Android-powered phone
was sold in October 2008.

5. Android is open source and Google releases the code under the
Apache License. This open source code and permissive licensing
allows the software to be freely modified and distributed by
device manufacturers, wireless carriers and enthusiast
developers. Additionally, Android has a large community of
developers writing applications ("apps") that extend the
functionality of devices, written primarily in a customized
version of the Java programming language. In October 2012,
there were approximately 700,000 apps available for Android,
and the estimated number of applications downloaded from
Google Play, Android's primary app store, was 25 billion.

6. These factors have allowed Android to become the world's most widely
used smartphone platform and the software of choice for technology
companies who require a low-cost, customizable, lightweight operating
system for high tech devices without developing one from scratch. As a
result, despite being primarily designed for phones and tablets, it has
seen additional applications on televisions, games consoles and other
electronics. Android's open nature has further encouraged a large
community of developers and enthusiasts to use the open source code
as a foundation for community-driven projects, which add new features
for advanced users or bring Android to devices which were officially
released running other operating systems.
Android had a worldwide smartphone market share of 75% during the
third quarter of 2012,with 500 million devices activated in total and 1.3
million activations per day.

7. History
Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California in October 2003
by Andy Rubin (co-founder of Danger),[22] Rich Miner (co-founder
of Wildfire Communications, Inc.),Nick Sears (once VP at T-
Mobile),and Chris White (headed design and interface
development at WebTV)to develop, in Rubin's words "smarter
mobile devices that are more aware of its owner's location and
preferences". Despite the past accomplishments of the founders
and early employees, Android Inc. operated secretly, revealing
only that it was working on software for mobile phones. That
same year, Rubin ran out of money. Steve Perlman, a close friend
of Rubin, brought him $10,000 in cash in an envelope and
refused a stake in the company.

8. Google acquired Android Inc. on August 17, 2005, making it a
wholly owned subsidiary of Google. Key employees of Android
Inc., including Rubin, Miner and White, stayed at the company
after the acquisition. Not much was known about Android Inc. at
the time, but many assumed that Google was planning to enter
the mobile phone market with this move. At Google, the team led
by Rubin developed a mobile device platform powered by the
Linux kernel. Google marketed the platform to handset makers
and carriers on the promise of providing a flexible, upgradable
system. Google had lined up a series of hardware component and
software partners and signaled to carriers that it was open to
various degrees of cooperation on their part.

9. On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium
of technology companies including Google, device manufacturers
such as HTC and Samsung, wireless carriers such as Sprint
Nextel and T-Mobile, and chipset makers such as Qualcomm and
Texas Instruments, unveiled itself, with a goal to develop open
standards for mobile devices. That day, Android was unveiled as
its first product, a mobile device platform built on the Linux
kernel version 2.6. The first commercially available phone to run
Android was the HTC Dream, released on October 22, 2008.

10. Since 2008, Android has seen numerous updates which have
incrementally improved the operating system, adding new
features and fixing bugs in previous releases. Each major release
is named in alphabetical order after a dessert or sugary treat; for
example, version 1.5 Cupcake was followed by 1.6 Donut. The
latest release is 4.2 Jelly Bean. In 2010, Google launched its
Nexus series of devices—a line of smartphones and tablets
running the Android operating system, and built by a
manufacturer partner. HTC collaborated with Google to release
the first Nexus smartphone,the Nexus One. The series has since
been updated with newer devices, such as the Nexus 4 phone
and Nexus 10 tablet, made by LG and Samsung, respectively.
Google releases the Nexus phones and tablets to act as their
flagship Android devices, demonstrating Android's latest software
and hardware features.

11. List of features in Android
 Handset layouts - The platform is adaptable to larger, VGA, 2D
graphics library, 3D graphics library based on OpenGL ES 2.0
specifications, and traditional smartphone layouts.
 Storage - SQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used for data
storage purposes.
 Connectivity - Android supports connectivity technologies including
GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LTE, NFC
and WiMAX.
 Messaging - SMS and MMS are available forms of messaging,
including threaded text messaging and Android Cloud To Device
Messaging (C2DM) and now enhanced version of C2DM, Android
Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) is also a part of Android Push
Messaging service.
 Multiple language support - Android supports multiple languages.

12.  Web browser -The web browser available in Android is based on the
open-source WebKit layout engine, coupled with Chrome's V8
JavaScript engine. The browser scores 100/100 on the Acid3 test on
Android 4.0.
 Java support -While most Android applications are written in Java,
there is no Java Virtual Machine in the platform and Java byte code is
not executed. Java classes are compiled into Dalvik executables and
run on Dalvik, a specialized virtual machine designed specifically for
Android and optimized for battery-powered mobile devices with
limited memory and CPU. J2ME support can be provided via third-
party applications.
 Media support- Android supports the following audio/video/still
media formats: WebM, H.263, H.264, AAC, HE-AAC (in 3GP or MP4
container), MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB (in 3GP container), MP3, MIDI,
Ogg Vorbis, FLAC, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP, WebP.[3]

13.  Streaming media - support RTP/RTSP streaming (3GPP PSS, ISMA),
HTML progressive download (HTML5 <video> tag). Adobe Flash
Streaming (RTMP) and HTTP Dynamic Streaming are supported by the
Flash plugin. Apple HTTP Live Streaming is supported by RealPlayer
for Android,and by the operating system in Android 3.0 (Honeycomb).
 Bluetooth -Supports A2DP, AVRCP, sending files (OPP), accessing the
phone book (PBAP), voice dialing and sending contacts between
phones. Keyboard, mouse and joystick (HID) support is available in
Android 3.1+, and in earlier versions through manufacturer
customizations and third-part
 Video calling - Android does not support native video calling, but some
handsets have a customized version of the operating system that
supports it, either via the UMTS network (like the Samsung Galaxy S)
or over IP. Video calling through Google Talk is available in Android
2.3.4 and later. Gingerbread allows Nexus S to place Internet calls
with a SIP account. This allows for enhanced VoIP dialing to other SIP
accounts and even phone numbers. Skype 2.1 offers video calling in
Android 2.3, including front camera support. Users with the Google+
android app can video chat with other google+ users through
hangouts.

14.  Multitasking - Multitasking of applications, with unique
handling of memory allocation, is available.
 Accessibility - Built in text to speech is provided by Talk
back for people with low or no vision. Enhancements for
people with hearing disabilities is available as is other aids.
 Voice based features Google search through voice has
been available since initial release. Voice actions for
calling, texting, navigation, etc. are supported on Android
2.2 onwards. As of Android 4.1, Google has expanded
Voice Actions with the ability to talk back and read answers
from Google's Knowledge Graph when queried with specific
commands. The ability to control hardware has not yet
been implemented.

15.  Tethering Android - supports tethering, which allows a phone to
be used as a wireless/wired Wi-Fi hotspot. Before Android 2.2
this was supported by third-party applications or manufacturer
customizations.
 Screen capture Android supports capturing a screenshot by
pressing the power and volume-down buttons at the same time.
Prior to Android 4.0, the only methods of capturing a screenshot
were through manufacturer and third-party customizations or
otherwise by using a PC connection (DDMS developer's tool).
These alternative methods are still available with the latest
Android.
 External storage Most Android devices include microSD slot and
can read microSD cards formatted with FAT32, Ext3 or Ext4 file
system. To allow use of high-capacity storage media such as
USB flash drives and USB HDDs, many Android tablets also
include USB 'A' receptacle. Storage formatted with FAT32 is
handled by Linux Kernel VFAT driver, while 3rd party solutions
are required to handle other popular file systems such as NTFS,
HFS Plus and exFAT.

16. Android Software Development
- is the process by which new applications are created for the
Android operating system. Applications are usually developed in
the Java programming language using the Android Software
Development Kit, but other development tools are available. As of
October 2012, more than 700,000 applications have been
developed for Android, with over 25 billion downloads. The
Android platform has also grown to become a favorite among
mobile developers. A June 2011 research indicated that over
67% of mobile developers used the platform, at the time of
publication. In Q2 2012; around 105 million units of Android
smart phones were shipped which acquires a total share of 68%
in overall smart phones sale till Q2 2012.

17. Advantages of Android
 Multitasking – Android phones can run many applications, it means
you can browse, Facebook while listened to the song.
 Ease of Notification – Any SMS, Email, or even the latest articles from
an RSS Reader, there will always be a notification on the Home
Screen Android phone, do not miss the LED indicator is blinking, so
you will not miss a single SMS, Email or even Miss call .
 Easy access to thousands of applications via the Google Android
Android App Market – When you love to install applications or
games, through Google’s Android App Market, Agan can download
applications for free. There are many thousands of applications and
games that are ready for download on Android phones You.

18.  Phone options are diverse – Talk Android phone, it will feel ‘different’
than the IOS, if the IOS is limited to the iPhone from Apple, then
Android is available on mobile phones from various manufacturers,
from Sony Ericsson, Motorola, HTC to Samsung. And each handset
manufacturer also presents an Android phone in the style of each,
such as Motorola with its Motoblur, Sony Ericsson with its Time scape.
So You can freely choose the Android phone in accordance with the
‘brand’ favorite.
 Can install a modified ROM – not satisfied with the standard view of
Android, do not worry there are many custom ROM that can be used
in your mobile phones Android .
 Widget – absolutely right, with the widgets on the home screen, You
can easily access a variety of settings quickly and easily.
 Google Maniac – If you are a loyal user of Google services ranging
from Gmail to Google Reader Android phone has integrated with
Google services, so you can quickly check e-mail from Gmail.

19. Disadvantages of Android
 Continuous Internet connection – Most Android phones require
a simultaneous Internet connection alias continuously active.
that means must be prepared to subscribe Agan GPRS packet
that suits your needs.
 Advertising – Application in the Android phones can indeed be
obtained easily and for free, but the consequences in each of
these applications, will always be ads on display, either the top
or bottom of the application

20. Respectfully Submitted to:
Prof. Erwin Globio
MSIT

21. Dancel, Ricaela Eraine L
SY1219
http://www.slideshare.net/ElaiiDancel