1) Andrew Goodwin analyzed key features of music videos in his book "Dancing in the Distraction Factory". He identified 6 features of music videos and 5 ways to analyze them. 2) The 6 key features of music videos are: demonstrating genre characteristics; relationships between lyrics and visuals and between music and visuals; record label demands like close-ups of artists; references to looking like screens and mirrors; and intertextual references to other media. 3) The 5 aspects for analyzing music videos are: seeing the music itself through its structure and artist's voice; narratives and performances; the importance of the star image; and narratives and performances working together for repeatability and authenticity.

1. Andrew Goodwin (1992)
A mediatheoristwhowrote abookcalledDancinginthe DistractionFactory. In thishe suggests
there are:
 6 keyfeaturesof amusic video
 5 waysto analyse amusicvideo
6 features
1. Music videosdemonstrategenre characteristics –Featuresthatare expectedoutof a video
dependingonthe genre.
2. There isa relationshipbetweenlyricsandvisuals.The lyricsare representedwithimages.
Themes, mise-en-scene andeventsof the videomatchedwithlyricsof the song.
3. There isa relationshipbetweenmusicandvisuals. The tone andatmosphereof the visuals
reflectsthatof the music.
4. The demandsof the record label will include the needforlotsof close upsof the artist and
the artist maydevelopmotifswhichrecuracrosstheirwork (a visual style).Allowsthe
record label topromote aset image of theirartist.
5. There isfrequentlyreference tonotionof looking(screenswithinscreens, mirrors,stages,
etc) and particularlyvoyeuristictreatmentof the femalebody. –The male gaze – (men
lookingatwomen,womenlookingatthemselves,womenlookingatwomen).
6. There isan oftenintertextual reference (tofilms,TV programmes,othermusicvideosetc.)
5 Aspects
1. Thoughtbeats – “seeing”the sound.
 To lookat the musicitself.We musttake intoaccountthe structure of the song.
 The3 voice of the song.The artistsvoice isextremelyuniqueandcanform identification
or trademarksthat workwell withthe starimage.
 Goodwinpointsoutthe artistmode of address.Songscan be seenasstoriesandthe
artistthe storyteller,makingthe musicvideoatwocommunicationdevice –themtelling
us a story andwe listening.
2. Narrative & Performance
 Songsfail to give usthe complete narrative
 We onlytendtoget a gistof the meaningof the songand thentoldto make up our
ownideaof whatisbeingtold – an negotiatedview of atext.
 Goodwinexplainsthatmusicvideosshouldignore commonnarrative.Itisimportant
intheirrole of advertising.
 Music videosshouldhave coherentrepeatability. Narrativeandperformance work
handin hand,makingiteasierforthe audience towatch overand over.
 The artist actingas both the narrator anf participanthelpstoincrease the
authenticityhoweverlipsyncsandothermimedactionsremainsthe hearof the
musicvideo.
 The audience needstobelievethisisreal.

2. 3. The Star Image
 The Star Image isanothervital aspectof musicvideos.
 Meta Narrative (whichisabig storythat describedthe developmentof the starover
time) hasan importantpart to playinthe musicvideoproduction process.