Andrew Goodwin proposed 6 key features and 5 ways to analyze music videos in his book Dancing in the Distraction Family. The 6 features are: 1) relationship between lyrics and visuals, 2) relationship between music and visuals, 3) demands of record labels for close-ups of artists, 4) references to looking/voyeurism, and 5) intertextual references. The 5 analysis methods are: 1) examining the music's structure, artist's voice, and point of address, 2) considering narrative and performance, and 3) analyzing the construction of the star image and use of meta-narratives. Justin Bieber's "What Do You Mean" video follows many of Goodwin's proposed

1. Andrew Goodwin (1992)
A media theorist who wrote a book called Dancing in the Distraction Family,
In this he suggests there are:
 6 key features of a music video
 5 ways to analyse a music video
1. There is a relationship between lyrics and visuals. The lyrics are represented with images.
(Either illustrative, amplifying or contradicting)
2. There is a relationship between music and visuals. The tone and atmosphere of the visuals
reflect the music. (Either illustrative, amplifying or contradicting)
3. The demands of the record label will include the need for lots of close ups of the artist and
the artist may develop motifs which recur across their work. (A visual style)
4. There is frequently reference to the notion of looking (Screens with screens, mirrors, stages
ect.) and particularly voyeuristic treatment of the female body.
5. There are often intertextual reference (To films, TV programmes, other music videos ect.)
For example Justin Biebers ‘ What do you mean’ follows many of these features as
throughout the video there are many close ups of the star (Justin Bieber) which promote him
in a good and elegant way as well and having the lyrics corresponding with the visuals on
screen. The music video also follows his theory further as the video shows the singer looking
into the camera singing.

2. Ways to analyse a music video
1. Thought Beats – ‘Seeing’ the sound
Step 1: to look at the music itself. We must take into account the structure of the song
Step 2: The voice of the song. The artist voice is extremely unique and can form
identification or trademarks
Step 3: Goodwin points at an artist’s point of address. Songs can be seen as stories and
the artists the storyteller making the music video a two communication device them
telling us a story we listening
2. Narrative & Performance
o Songs fail to give complete narratives
o We only tend to get a gist of the meaning of the song and tend to make up
our own idea of what is being told
o Goodwin explains that music videos should ignore common narrative. It is
important in their role of advertising
o Music videos should have coherent repeatability. Narrative and performance
work hand in hand its make it easier for the audience to watch over and over
without losing interest
3. The Star Image
The star image is another visual aspect of music videos
Meta narratives