Ancient Arab scientists made many important contributions to fields like optics, mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and geography. Some of the key figures mentioned are Ibn al-Haytham, considered the founder of modern optics; Omar Khayyam, who calculated the solar year with high precision; Al-Razi, the first to describe fever and many diseases; Ibn-Sina, who made advances in physics, optics, philosophy and medicine; and Al-Khwarizmi, whose work established the basis for later innovation in mathematics and science. The document outlines the significant but often overlooked contributions of scientists from the Arab world.