Science is defined as a body of systematically organized facts that serves as the basis for discovering general truths about the world. The main goals of science are to understand and explain the natural world, answer questions, and solve problems. While science seeks facts, it does not always reach absolute truth. Pure science aims to gain knowledge, while applied science puts scientific theories into practical use. Key periods in the history of science include ancient times, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution, and modern times. Major advances have included theories of motion, gravity, evolution, cells, genetics, and relativity.

2. Science is basically define as a
body of facts that has been
systematically classified and
correlated to serve as a basis
for the discovery of the general
truth.

3. It comes from the Latin
word which
means to know and from
which means
knowledge.

4. Science is important
because it gives us ideas
on the nature of life and
the things that occur
around us.

5. The main goal of science,
as stated earlier, is to
understand and explain
the world around us.

6. Science to answer
questions and explain
these answer in order
to gain acceptance.

7. One of the goals of
science, as mentioned
earlier, is to provide
solutions to certain
problems.

8. Where it is true that
science seek facts, it is
obvious that science
does not always reach
absolute truth.

10. Pure science is concerned
with gathering of
information solely for the
sake of obtaining new
knowledge.

11. Applied science, on the
other hand, is the practical
application of scientific
theory and law that can be
used in everyday situations.

13. Physical science
relates to the order of
nature and to regular
succession of events

14. Biological science
pertaining to biology
or to life and
living things.

15. A method of investigation
involving observation and
theory to test scientific
hypotheses

25. 1.Ancient times
2.Middle ages
3.Renaissance
4.Scientific revolution
5.Age of reason
6.Modern times

26. 1. 9000’s B.C. – People began to domesticate plants and animals.
2. 3500’s B.C – People learned to make bronze.
3. 2600’s B.C – Egyptians learned to make yeast bread using the
process of fermentation.
4. 1000’s B.C – People learned to make steel from iron ore.
5. 585 B.C – Greek philosopher Thales correctly predicted a solar
eclipse that took place in this year.
6. 100’s B.C – Greek astronomer Hipparchus calculated the distance
to the moon and the size of the moon.
7. A.D 100’s – Greek astronomer Ptolemy summarized the work of
earlier Greek astronomer and wrote his own theories in
Almagest.

27. 1. 400’s – 1000’s – Arab scholar in the Middle East preserved and added to
the scientific knowledge of Greek and Roman scholars while European
scholars made few advances in science.
2. 600’s – Alchemy spread from Egypt to the Arabian Peninsula.
3. 800’s – 900’s – Arab astronomer mapped the locations of objects in space.
4. Early 1000’s – Arab physician Avicenna produced Canon of Medicine, a
medical text that influenced the practice of medicine for more than 600
years.
5. 1100’s – 1200’s – Alchemy spread to Western Europe, leading to the
identification of chemical elements.
6. 1269 – French scholar Petrus de Maricourt described the poles of a
magnet.
7. 1270’s – Roger Bacon, an English scholar, conducted experiments in optics
and proposed efective methods for scientific research.

28. 1. 1500’s – Italian painter and inventor Leonardo da Vinci studied
and made important observations in anatomy, astronomy,
botany, and hydraulics.
2. Earl 1500’s – Swiss physician Pilippus Paracelsus introduced the
use of drugs made from minerals.
3. 1543 – Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus published his
work On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, which
asserted that the planets move around the Sun in circular orbits.
4. 1556 – Georgius Agricola, a physician from Saxony, published De
Re Metallica, the first important book on minerals and mining.
5. Late 1500’s – Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe recorded the
motions of the planets with great precision, correcting tables
used at the time.

29. 1. Late 1500’s – early 1600’s – Italian scientist Galileo pioneered in
experimental science.
2. 1600’s – English physicist William Gilbert discovered the Earth’s
magnetism and explained the action of a compass.
3. 1609– German astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler
discovered three laws of planetary motion.
4. 1628– English doctor William Harvey described how blood
circulates through the human body, marking the beginning of
modern physiology.
5. Mid-1600’s – French philosopher Rene Descartes established the
principles of the scientific method and set mathematics as the
model for all sciences.

30. 1. 1680’s – English scientist Isaac Newton formulated three laws of
motion and a law of universal gravitation and showed how these
laws govern objects on Earth and in space.
2. 1749’s – French naturalist Comte de Bufon began publishing his
Natural History.
3. 1766 – Henry Cavendish, an English scientist identified hydrogen
as an element.
4. 1781 – British astronomer William Herschel discovered Uranus.
5. 1785 – Scottish physician James Hutton presented the theory
later called uniformitarianism.
6. 1798– American-born scientist Benjamin Thompson stated that
the motion of particles in a substance produces hear.

31. 1. 1800’s – Italian scientist Alessandro Volta invented the first
electric battery.
2. 1815 – William Smith, an English civil engineer, published the
first geological maps.
3. 1830 – Scottish geologist Charles Lyell published the first volume
of The Principles of Geology.
4. 1831 – Physicists Micheal Faraday of England and Joseph.
5. 1838-1839 – German scientist Matthias Schleiden and Theodor
Schwann proposed all living things are made up of cells.
6. Mid to late 1800’s – French chemist Louis Pasteur made
contributions to chemistry, medicine, and industry

32. 7. 1859 – English naturalist Charles Darwin published his
theories of evolution in The Origin of Species.
8. 1869 – Russian scientist Dmitri Mendeleev published
his periodic table of chemical elements.
9. 1895 – German physicist Wilheln Roentgen discovered
X-rays.
10. 1905 – German physicist Albert Einstein published his
special theory of relativity.
11. 1912 – German meteorologist Alfred Wegener
published his theory of continental drift.

33. 12. 1926 – American geneticist Thomas Morgan
hunt published The Theory of the Gene.
13. 1928 – Scottish bacteriologist Alexander
Flemming discovered penicillin, first anti-
biotic.
14. 1953 – American biochemist James Watson
and British physicist Francis Crick.
15. 1968 – A group of American scientists
proposed the theory of plate tectonics .

34. 1. 1972 – American scientists John Bardeen ,
Leon Cooper, and John Robert Schrieffler.
2. 1974 – American physicist Burton Richter and
Samuel Ting discovered a type of subatomic
particle.
3. 1979 – Scientists discovered deep-sea bacteria
capable of living without oxygen.