course of maxillary artery and its branches

1. INTERNAL MAXILLARY ARTERY &
ITS BRANCHES
Dr. Saif Saiyad
Final year PG
MS ENT

2. INTRODUCTION
• Larger of the two terminal branch of external
carotid artery along with superficial temporal.
• Divided into 3 parts:
• 1)Maxillary portion
• 2)Pterygoid portion
• 3)Sphenomaxillary portion

4. COURSE
• Arises right angle from external carotid artery
• Behind neck of lower jaw
• Supply deep structures of the face
• At origin-embedded in parotid gland

5. Course of Maxillary part
• Passes between ramus of mandible and
sphenomandibular ligament
• Parallel to auricular nerve
• Crosses inferior alveolar nerve
• Beneath lateral pterygoid muscle

6. COURSE

7. Course of Pterygoid part
• Ascends obliquely
forward & upwards
upon external
surface of Lateral
pterygoid muscle.

8. Course of sphenomaxillary portion
• Approaches superior maxillary bone
• Crosses between two heads of lateral
pterygoid muscle
• Enters sphenomaxillary fossa and gives
terminal branches.

10. Branches of Maxillary part
• 1-Deep auricular
• 2-Anterior Tympanic
• 3-Middle meningeal
• 4-Accessory meningeal
• 5-Inferior alveolar

11. Branches of Pterygoid Part
• 6-Massetor artery
• 7-Lateral pterygoid
• 8-Medial pterygoid
• 9-Buccal artery
• 10-Deep temporal

12. Branches of sphenomaxillary part
• 11-Infraorbital artery
• 12-Artery to pterygoid canal
• 13-Pharyngeal artery
• 14-Sphenopalatine artery
• 15-Posterior superior alveolar artery
• 16-Descending palatine artery

13. FIGURE

14. Anterior tympanic artery
• Passes behind articulation of lower jaw
• Enters tympanum through petrotympanic
fissure
• Supplies tensor tympani
• Anastomosis with stylomastoid and vidian
artery

15. MIDDLE MENINGEAL ARTERY
• Largest branch supplying durameter
• Enters cranial cavity through foramen
spinosum
• Divided into 2 parts
ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR

16. Branches of middle meningeal
• 1-Branch to the ganglion of fifth nerve
• 2- Branch to facial nerve
• 3-Orbital branch
• 4-Temporal branch

17. figure

18. Accessory meningeal
• Enters skull through
foramen ovale
• Supplies gasserian
ganglion and
duramater
• Also gives branches
to nasal fossa and
soft palate

19. Inferior alveolar artery
• Descends with inferior alveolar nerve
• Runs through the foramen in inner side of
ramus of mandible(dental canal)
• Branches to pulp of teeth
• Opposite biscuspid tooth divides into 2
branches
• 1-Incisor
• 2-Mental

20. figure

21. figure

22. Deep Temporal
• Anterior and Posterior branches
• Ascends between temporalis and pericranium
• Anterior branch communicates with lacrimal
artery

23. figure

24. Medial & Lateral Pterygoid branch
• Irregular in
number
• Supplies the
pterygoids.

25. Masseteric artery
• Small branch
• Passes to deep
surface of
masseter by
supplying it.

26. Buccal artery
• Small branch
• Runs obliquely
forward between
medial pterygoid
and ramus of
mandible
• Supplies
Buccinator

27. Alveolar artery
• Given off by a common branch with
infraorbital
• Trunk- sphenomaxillary fossa
• Descends on maxillary tuberosity and gives
branches
• Largest-Superior Alveolar supplying molar and
premolars.

29. Infraorbital artery
• Runs in the infraorbital canal
• Ascending branch-inferior rectus, inferior
oblique & lacrimal gland
• Descending branch-mucous membrane of
maxillary antrum, front teeth of upper jaw
• Anastomose with facial and ophthalmic
branches

31. Descending palatine
• Passes down along the pterygopalatine canal
• Emerging from pterygopalatine foramen it
gives branches to mucous membrane &
alveolar border of hard palate,gums &
palatine glands
• Other branches given in palatine canal-soft
palate

33. Artery to pterygoid canal
• Passes with
vidian nerve
• Supplies upper
part of pharynx
& ET tube
• Small branch-
Tympanum.

34. Pterygopalatine artery(pharygeal)
• Small branch passes through pteygopalatine
canal with pharygeal nerve
• Supplies nasopharynx ,eustachian tube &
sphenoidal air sinus

35. Sphenopalatine artery
• Passes through sphenopalatine foramen into
nasal cavity & posterior to sup meatus
• Branches:TWO
• 1-artery to septum(internal) –mucous
membrane to septum
• 2-External-2 or 3 in number
supplies mucous membrane of lateral wall of
nares,antrum,ethmoid,frontal & sphenoid
cells

37. THANK YOU