Anatomy of cornea
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The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that provides around 70% of the eye's total refractive power. It has no blood vessels and is composed of 6 layers - epithelium, Bowman's membrane, stroma, Dua's layer, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium. The stroma makes up around 90% of the cornea's thickness and is comprised mainly of collagen and keratocytes. The cornea has the highest density of sensory nerve fibers of any tissue which provides its high sensitivity.
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This ppt was designed for optometry entrance preparing students.
#Mero #Eye #Meroeye #Optometry #visionScience #optometrist #EyeCarePractisners #OptometryStudents EyeDoctors #EyeHealth #EyeCare #Learning #Academy #education #YoungOptometrists
#OptometryLibrary #OptometryJournal #OptometryMagazine #advancingOptometryEducation #AOE #virtualConference #Eye #Talks #EyeTalks
Meroeye, Optometry, Optometrist, VisionScience, EyeCarePractisners, Eye talks, Webinar, OptometryStudents, EyeDoctors, EyeHealth, EyeCare, Learning, Academy, education, YoungOptometrists, OptometryLibrary, OptometryJournal, OptometryMagazine, AOE, virtual conference, advancingOptometryEducation
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The cornea has five layers - epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium. The stroma makes up around 90% of the cornea thickness and contains collagen fibrils and keratocytes. The stroma's collagen is arranged in tightly packed, regularly spaced lamellae that run parallel to the corneal surface. Keratocytes maintain the stroma by synthesizing collagen and proteoglycans. The epithelium is stratified and squamous, consisting of basal, wing, and surface cells. It regenerates through cell migration from the limbus. Injury repair involves cell migration, proliferation, and remodeling.
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There are two methods of evaluating refractive error: subjective refraction which relies on patient feedback, and objective refraction which relies on the examiner's judgement. Subjective refraction involves correcting the spherical error, determining astigmatism, and modifying the correction while controlling accommodation. The examiner determines the best vision sphere by adding lenses until blurring occurs and establishes the maximum plus or minimum minus power tolerated. Objective refraction uses retinoscopy to initially determine the spherical error. A pinhole can estimate the maximum correctable vision by reducing the size of blurred retinal images caused by uncorrected refractive errors.
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This document provides an overview of the anatomy and microscopic structure of the retina. Key points include:
- The retina is a thin, delicate membrane lining the back of the eyeball. It contains photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) and neuronal layers.
- Gross anatomical regions include the optic disc, macula lutea, and peripheral retina. The macula contains the fovea centralis, which provides high-acuity central vision.
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#ANATOMY OF UVEA (IRIS, CILLIARY BODY, CHOROID)
UVEA constitutes- middle vascular coat
• 3 parts- a)iris
b)ciliary body
c)choroid
• Developmentally,structurally and functionallyindivisible
• color varies from light blue to dark brown
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Special Thanx to Nishna Bharathan(2007-2011)optometry batch Alsalama College Of Optometry,Perinthalmanna)
Anatomy of cornea
The document summarizes the anatomy of the cornea. It discusses the five layers of the cornea - epithelium, Bowman's membrane, stroma, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium. It provides details on the composition, thickness, cell types, and functions of each layer. For example, it notes that the stroma is the thickest layer, comprising 78% of the cornea's thickness, and is made up of collagen fibers that give it strength. The endothelium is responsible for corneal transparency by pumping fluid out of the stroma.
Cornea
The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that refracts light. It is avascular and has five layers - epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium. The stroma makes up most of the thickness and contains collagen bundles and proteoglycans. The cornea is nourished by the aqueous humor and innervated by nerves from the trigeminal nerve. It serves to transmit and refract light entering the eye, as well as protect the inner structures.
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Aqueous humor anatomy
The aqueous humor is a fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It is produced by the ciliary body and drained out of the eye through the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal. The aqueous humor provides nutrients to the avascular structures in the eye and maintains the shape and internal pressure of the eye. Disruptions to the normal outflow of aqueous humor can lead to increased intraocular pressure and conditions like glaucoma.
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Sl exam pt i
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The uvea consists of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. It develops from both neuroectoderm and vascular mesoderm. The iris develops fully by age 5, with pigmentation continuing after birth. The ciliary body appears by 9 weeks and is fully developed by 6 months gestation. The choroid layers are seen by 5 months gestation. The uvea regulates light entry and provides blood supply to the outer retina. Congenital anomalies include heterochromia, polycoria, persistent pupillary membranes, and colobomas. Uveitis is inflammation of the uveal tract.
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This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the lens. It discusses the embryological development of the lens from the surface ectoderm. Key anatomical structures include the lens capsule, epithelium, fibers forming the nucleus and cortex. The lens receives nutrients from the aqueous humor and maintains transparency through electrolyte balance and antioxidant glutathione. The physiology of accommodation and factors contributing to lens transparency are also summarized.
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The retina is the light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye. It contains 10 layers including the retinal pigment epithelium, rods and cones, bipolar and ganglion cells. The retina is thinnest near the center and thickens toward the periphery. Key structures include the optic disc, macula with fovea for sharp central vision, and ora serrata marking the edge. The retina contains over 120 million light receptors and ganglion cells whose axons converge at the optic disc to form the optic nerve.
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This document discusses the cornea, including its curvature, thickness, dimensions, and refractive power. It describes that the cornea has an average anterior radius of curvature of 7.8mm and posterior radius of 6.5mm, providing about 43D of the eye's total refractive power. The thickness of the central cornea is about 0.52mm on average. Conditions like keratoconus can cause thinning and steepening of the cornea. The anatomy of the cornea is also outlined, describing its epithelial, stromal, Descemet's membrane, and endothelial layers. Measurement techniques for corneal curvature and thickness are also mentioned.
Crystalline Lens
This ppt was designed for optometry entrance preparing students.
#Mero #Eye #Meroeye #Optometry #visionScience #optometrist #EyeCarePractisners #OptometryStudents EyeDoctors #EyeHealth #EyeCare #Learning #Academy #education #YoungOptometrists
#OptometryLibrary #OptometryJournal #OptometryMagazine #advancingOptometryEducation #AOE #virtualConference #Eye #Talks #EyeTalks
Meroeye, Optometry, Optometrist, VisionScience, EyeCarePractisners, Eye talks, Webinar, OptometryStudents, EyeDoctors, EyeHealth, EyeCare, Learning, Academy, education, YoungOptometrists, OptometryLibrary, OptometryJournal, OptometryMagazine, AOE, virtual conference, advancingOptometryEducation
Anatomy & physiology of cornea
The cornea has five layers - epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium. The stroma makes up around 90% of the cornea thickness and contains collagen fibrils and keratocytes. The stroma's collagen is arranged in tightly packed, regularly spaced lamellae that run parallel to the corneal surface. Keratocytes maintain the stroma by synthesizing collagen and proteoglycans. The epithelium is stratified and squamous, consisting of basal, wing, and surface cells. It regenerates through cell migration from the limbus. Injury repair involves cell migration, proliferation, and remodeling.
Corection of sph ametropia
There are two methods of evaluating refractive error: subjective refraction which relies on patient feedback, and objective refraction which relies on the examiner's judgement. Subjective refraction involves correcting the spherical error, determining astigmatism, and modifying the correction while controlling accommodation. The examiner determines the best vision sphere by adding lenses until blurring occurs and establishes the maximum plus or minimum minus power tolerated. Objective refraction uses retinoscopy to initially determine the spherical error. A pinhole can estimate the maximum correctable vision by reducing the size of blurred retinal images caused by uncorrected refractive errors.
Vitreous substitutes
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Lensometry (Focimeter)
This document discusses methods for detecting the type and power of lenses. It covers hand neutralization techniques for spherical and astigmatic lenses using convex and concave lenses. It also describes using a Geneva lens measure and manual and automated focimeters. The manual focimeter involves aligning mires to determine spherical and cylinder power of single vision, bifocal, trifocal and progressive lenses. The automated focimeter uses a light beam to precisely measure lens parameters. Both tools have limitations, with the automated version providing more accuracy.
Anatomy of retina
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and microscopic structure of the retina. Key points include:
- The retina is a thin, delicate membrane lining the back of the eyeball. It contains photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) and neuronal layers.
- Gross anatomical regions include the optic disc, macula lutea, and peripheral retina. The macula contains the fovea centralis, which provides high-acuity central vision.
- Microscopically, the retina contains layers including the retinal pigment epithelium, photoreceptor outer and inner segments, plexiform layers, and ganglion cell layer.
- Rod and cone photoreceptors contain light-
#ANATOMY OF UVEA (IRIS, CILLIARY BODY, CHOROID)
UVEA constitutes- middle vascular coat
• 3 parts- a)iris
b)ciliary body
c)choroid
• Developmentally,structurally and functionallyindivisible
• color varies from light blue to dark brown
EMBRYOLOGY
IRIS-
• Both layers of epithelium derived from
marginal region of optic cup (neuroectoderm)
• Sphincter and dilator pupillae- anterior
epithelium (neuroectoderm)
• Stroma and vessels- vascular mesoderm
Choroid
Special Thanx to Nishna Bharathan(2007-2011)optometry batch Alsalama College Of Optometry,Perinthalmanna)
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A very helpful concise summary of the anatomy, embryology and histology of cornea for ophthalmology residents!
anatomyofthecornea-161101224539-converted.pptx
The cornea is the transparent front layer of the eye that refracts light. It has five layers - an epithelial layer, Bowman's layer, a thick stromal layer, Descemet's membrane, and an endothelial cell layer. The stromal layer makes up most of the cornea's thickness and contains collagen fibrils that give it structure and strength to protect the delicate interior of the eye. The cornea has no blood vessels and receives nutrients from tears and surrounding tissues. It has detailed measurements and refractive properties that allow light to pass through and focus on the retina.
ANATOMY OF CORNEA AND MAINTENANCE OF CORNEAL TRANSPARENCY-1.pptx
The document discusses the anatomy and maintenance of transparency in the cornea. It describes the cornea as the transparent front part of the outer fibrous coat of the eye. The cornea has 6 layers - epithelium, Bowman's membrane, stroma, pre-Descemet's membrane, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium. It maintains transparency through factors like the homogeneity of refractive indices between layers, the peculiar arrangement and refractive index of corneal lamellae, its avascularity, and physiological factors such as endothelial pumps that maintain dehydration and the barrier functions of the epithelium and endothelium.
Cornea anatomy simplified
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the cornea. It discusses the cornea's embryology, structure, layers (epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane, endothelium), functions, transparency, blood and nerve supply, and the limbus. Key points include that the cornea provides over 70% of the eye's refractive power, has no blood vessels but receives its blood supply from vessels at the limbus, and maintains transparency through the ordered arrangement of its collagen fibrils and the pumping function of the endothelial cells. The limbus is described as the circumcorneal transition zone between the cornea and sclera.
Cornea
The cornea is the transparent, avascular outer layer of the eye that refracts light. It has an epithelial layer, Bowman's membrane, thick collagen-rich stroma layer, Dua's layer, Descemet's membrane, and single layer of endothelial cells. The cornea is avascular and receives its nutrients from surrounding vessels. It has nerve fibers that form three plexuses and is innervated by the anterior ciliary nerves.
cornea and layers
Introduction Transparent,avascular,watch-glass like structure. Forms 1/6th part of outer fibrous coat (Sclera) It is the major refracting surface of the eye
3. Dimensions + Avg horizontal dia =11.75 mm (ant surface) + Avg vertical dia = 11 mm (ant surface ) + Avg dia (post surface)= 11.5 mm + Thickness(centre) =0.52mm + Thickness(peripheral) = 0.67mm + Radius of curvature (ant surface) = 7.8mm + Radius of curvature (post surface)= 6.5mm + Refractive power (ant surface) = +48D + Refractive power(post surface)= - 5D + R.I = 1.376
4. Histology + Epithelium + Bowman’s membrane + Stroma + Dua’s layer + Descemet’s membrane + Endothelium
5. Epithelium + Made up of stratified squamous epithelium + Thickness - 50-90 um + 5-6 layers of cells + Regenerative, entire epithelial layer is replaced every 6-8 days + Made up of 3 types of cells - basal,wing, flattened cells + Cells are attached by to each other by means of desmosomes & maculi occludents
6. Bowman’s membrane + Acellular,Non regenerative + Made up of condensed collagen fibrils. + Thickness - 12um + Resistant to infection & injury.
anatomy of eye final.docx
The eyeball has three principal axes and three visual angles. It consists of three coats - fibrous, vascular and nervous (retina). The posterior segment includes structures behind the lens such as the vitreous humour, retina, optic disc and choroid. The volume of an adult eyeball is 6.5 ml and its weight is 7g.
Ophthalmology
This document provides an overview of ophthalmology and eye anatomy and disorders. It discusses that globally, 37 billion people are blind with the main causes being cataract, glaucoma, trachoma, and diabetic retinopathy. It describes the anatomy of the eye including the cornea, iris, lens, retina and other structures. Common eye disorders covered include sty, chalazion, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, ptosis, entropion, ectropion, and tumors of the eyelids. Disorders of the orbit such as cellulitis, thyroid eye disease, and tumors are also summarized. The document concludes with diseases of the conjunctiva including allergic, vernal,
Anetrior Segment anatomy.
This informative presentation on anterior segment anatomy provides a detailed exploration of the structures that make up the front portion of the eye. With a focus on the cornea, anterior chamber, iris, lens, and ciliary body, this presentation offers a comprehensive understanding of how these components work together to maintain eye health and enable clear vision.
Through visually captivating slides, viewers will gain insight into the role of the cornea as a protective barrier and its ability to refract light, contributing to visual acuity. The anterior chamber, filled with aqueous humor, will be discussed in terms of its function in providing nutrients to the cornea and lens while maintaining the eye's shape.Attendees will also learn about the iris and its muscles, which regulate the size of the pupil to control the amount of light entering the eye. Additionally, the iris's role in determining eye color will be explored.
The lens, located behind the iris, will be examined in detail, showcasing its crucial function in fine-tuning focus through accommodation. This process allows the lens to adjust its shape, facilitating clear vision at various distances.The ciliary body, a significant component of the anterior segment, will be highlighted for its role in producing aqueous humor and regulating intraocular pressure. Attendees will gain an understanding of how the ciliary body's muscles contribute to lens shape adjustment and overall eye health.
With a focus on the interplay between these structures, the presentation emphasizes the importance of understanding anterior segment anatomy for diagnosing and treating various eye conditions effectively. Professionals in the field of ophthalmology, optometry, and healthcare students will find this presentation invaluable for expanding their knowledge and enhancing patient care.Whether you are a medical professional or an individual interested in ocular health, this visually engaging presentation offers a comprehensive exploration of anterior segment anatomy, providing a deeper understanding of the eye's front portion and its essential role in vision.By understanding the intricate interplay of these anterior segment structures, healthcare professionals and students alike can enhance their diagnostic abilities and develop effective treatment strategies for various eye conditions. The presentation serves as a valuable resource for ophthalmologists, optometrists, and other healthcare professionals looking to deepen their understanding of ocular anatomy and improve patient care.
Anatomy of Cornea
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the cornea. It begins with definitions and then discusses the embryology, gross anatomy, histological structures, blood and nerve supply of the cornea. The histological structures section describes the layers of the cornea in detail, including the epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Dua's layer, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium. It highlights the composition, structure, and clinical significance of each layer. The document emphasizes the parallel arrangement of collagen fibrils in the stroma, which allows for easy dissection during corneal transplant surgeries.
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Anatomy of cornea
- 2. INTRODUCTION ▶Avascular , transparent ▶Accounts for 70% of total refractive power of eye (+43D) ▶Watch glass like structure ▶Blood vessels are not present.
- 3. Dimensions ▶Anterior surface:- Diameter-Horizontal:11.75mm Vertical:11mm ▶Posterior surface:- Diameter -11.5 mm
- 4. ▶Thickness:- Centre –0.52mm Periphery- 0.67mm ▶ Radius of curvature:- 7.8mm- 6.5mm ▶ Refractive index of cornea:- 1.37
- 5. Histology ▶6 layers:- 1. Epithelium 2. Bowman’s membrane 3. Stroma 4. Dua’s layer 5. Descemet’s membrane 6. Endothelium
- 6. Epithelium ▶Provides smooth surface to cornea. ▶Compressing about 10% of corneal thickness. ▶It about 50-90mm. ▶It absorb oxygen from rear and distribute in all parts of cornea. ▶It have microvilli.
- 7. Bowman’s membrane ▶Bowman’s layer is transparent tissue composed of strong fibers called collagen. ▶ It is about 8 to 14mm. ▶ Do not regenerate. ▶Show considerable resistance to infection. ▶This layer is made up of collagen fibrils
- 8. Stroma ▶0.5mm thick. ▶ Comprised 90% of corneal thickness, it consists of water and collagen, it doesn’t contain blood vessels. ▶It contain fibrils keratocytes and ground materials(mecuoprotein and glycoprotein). ▶Collagen gives cornea to its strength and elasticity ▶Peculiar arrangement of lamella also has been implicated n corneal transparency.
- 9. Dua’s Layer ▶Was discovered by Dr. Harminder Dua in 2013. ▶It about 15 Microns thick. ▶Collagen cells present. ▶It is strong layer.
- 10. Descemet’s Membrane ▶It is strong homogeneous layer which separate from stroma by Dua’s layer. ▶It is very restient to chemical agents to trauma infection. ▶It can be regenerate. ▶Its thickness 10 to 12 micron. ▶Made up of collagen and glycoprotein.
- 11. Endothelium ▶Consists of single layer of flat polygonal (mainly hexagonal). ▶Cells density of endothelium is around 6000 cells in birth. ▶The increasing age,the number of cells is reduced to 2400 to 3000 cells in young adult ▶Endothelium cells are attached to descemet’s Membrane.
- 13. Nerve supply ▶Cornea is one of the most sensitive tissues of the body and has one of the richest sensory nerve supplies in the blood. ▶It is supplied by 5th cranial nerve of trigeminal nerve.
- 14. Thank you