The document summarizes key parts of the axial skeleton, including the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. It describes the bones that make up these structures and their important features, such as skull bones forming the cranium and face, vertebrae in different regions of the spine, and how ribs and sternum form the bony thorax. Diagrams are included to illustrate key anatomical structures.
skeleton of human body, skeletal system of human body, skeleton anatomy, intr...Dr Shahid Alam
skeleton of human body, skeletal system of human body, skeleton anatomy, introduction to skeleton, axial skeleton, cranium, cranial bone mnemonic for cranial bone, bone of skeleton system, 206 bones by dr shahid alam, dr shahid, shahid alam, alam
QUICK guide to Skeletal System- Dr Gurjant Singh (PT)Dr. Gurjant Singh
So you have read well about human skeletal system and now just want to revise or go through it quickly? Here is the perfect one for you
Dont forget to like and follow for more presentations
skeleton of human body, skeletal system of human body, skeleton anatomy, intr...Dr Shahid Alam
skeleton of human body, skeletal system of human body, skeleton anatomy, introduction to skeleton, axial skeleton, cranium, cranial bone mnemonic for cranial bone, bone of skeleton system, 206 bones by dr shahid alam, dr shahid, shahid alam, alam
QUICK guide to Skeletal System- Dr Gurjant Singh (PT)Dr. Gurjant Singh
So you have read well about human skeletal system and now just want to revise or go through it quickly? Here is the perfect one for you
Dont forget to like and follow for more presentations
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
2. THE SKELETON
• Consists of
• Bones, cartilage, joints, and ligaments
• Composed of 206 named bones grouped into two
divisions
• Axial skeleton (80 bones)
• Appendicular skeleton (126 bones)
5. BONE MARKINGS
• Projections that provide attachment for muscles
and ligaments
• Projections that help form joints
• Depressions and openings for passage of nerves
and blood vessels
7. THE CRANIUM
• The cranium serves to
• Enclose brain
• Provide attachment sites for some head and neck
muscles
8. THE FACE
• Facial bones serve to
• Form framework of the face
• Form cavities for the sense organs of sight, taste, and
smell
• Provide openings for the passage of air and food
• Hold the teeth in place
• Anchor muscles of the face
9. OVERVIEW OF SKULL
GEOGRAPHY
• Facial bones form anterior aspect
• Cranium is divided into cranial vault and the
base
• Internally, prominent bony ridges divide skull
into distinct fossae
10. OVERVIEW OF SKULL
GEOGRAPHY
• The skull contains smaller cavities
• Middle and inner ear cavities – in lateral aspect of
cranial base
• Nasal cavity – lies in and posterior to the nose
• Orbits – house the eyeballs
• Air-filled sinuses – occur in several bones around the
nasal cavity
11. OVERVIEW OF SKULL
GEOGRAPHY
• The skull contains approximately 85 named
openings
• Foramina, canals, and fissures
• Provide openings for important structures
• Spinal cord
• Blood vessels serving the brain
• 12 pairs of cranial nerves
12. CRANIAL BONES
• Formed from eight large bones
• Paired bones include
• Temporal bones
• Parietal bones
• Unpaired bones include
• Frontal bone
• Occipital bone
• Sphenoid bone
• Ethmoid bone
13. FRONTAL BONES
• Forms the forehead and roofs of the orbits
• Forms superciliary arches
• Internally, it contributes to the anterior cranial
fossa
• Contains frontal sinuses
14. PARIETAL BONES AND
SUTURES
• Parietal bones form superior and lateral parts of
skull
• Four sutures of the cranium
• Coronal suture – runs in the coronal plane
• Located where parietal bones meet the frontal bone
• Squamous suture – occurs where each parietal bone
meets a temporal bone inferiorly
15. PARIETAL BONES AND
SUTURES
• Sutures of the cranium (continued)
• Sagittal suture – occurs where right and left parietal
bones meet superiorly
• Lambdoid suture – occurs where the parietal bones meet
the occipital bone posteriorly
16. SUTURAL BONES
• Small bones that occur within sutures
• Irregular in shape, size, and location
• Not all people have sutural bones
18. OCCIPITAL BONE
• Forms the posterior portion of the cranium and
cranial base
• Articulates with the temporal bones and parietal
bones
• Forms the posterior cranial fossa
• Foramen magnum located at its base
19. OCCIPITAL BONE
• Features and structures
• Occipital condyles
• Hypoglossal foramen
• External occipital protuberance
• Superior nuchal lines
• Inferior nuchal lines
21. TEMPORAL BONES
• Lie inferior to parietal bones
• Form the inferolateral portion of the skull
• Term “temporal”
• Comes from Latin word for time
• Specific regions of temporal bone
• Squamous, temporal, petrous, and mastoid regions
25. THE SPHENOID BONE
• Spans the width of the cranial floor
• Resembles a butterfly or bat
• Consists of a body and three pairs of processes
• Contains five important openings
34. MAXILLARY BONES
• Articulate with all other facial bones except the
mandible
• Contain maxillary sinuses – largest paranasal
sinuses
• Forms part of the inferior orbital fissure
37. OTHER BONES OF THE FACE
• Zygomatic bones
• Form lateral wall of orbits
• Nasal bones
• Form bridge of nose
• Lacrimal bones
• Located in the medial orbital walls
• Palatine bones
• Complete the posterior part of the hard palate
38. OTHER BONES OF THE FACE
• Vomer
• Forms the inferior part of the nasal septum
• Inferior nasal conchae
• Thin, curved bones that project medially form the lateral
walls of the nasal cavity
46. PARANASAL SINUSES
• Air-filled sinuses are located within
• Frontal bone
• Ethmoid bone
• Sphenoid bone
• Maxillary bones
• Lined with mucous membrane
• Serve to lighten the skull
49. THE HYOID BONE
• Lies inferior to the
mandible
• The only bone with no
direct articulation with
any other bone
• Acts as a movable base
for the tongue
Figure 7.12
50. THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
• Formed from 26 bones in the adult
• Transmits weight of trunk to the lower limbs
• Surrounds and protects the spinal cord
51. THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
• Serves as attachment sites for muscles of the
neck and back
• Held in place by ligaments
• Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
• Ligamentum flavum
53. INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS
• Cushion-like pads between vertebrae
• Act as shock absorbers
• Compose about 25% of height of vertebral column
• Composed of
• Nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosis
54. INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS
• Nucleus pulposus
• The gelatinous inner sphere of intervertebral disc
• Enables spine to absorb compressive stresses
55. INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS
• Annulus fibrosis
• An outer collar of ligaments and fibrocartilage
• Contains the nucleus pulposus
• Functions to bind vertebrae together, resist tension on
the spine, and absorb compressive forces
57. HERNIATED DISC
• May be caused by
trauma to the spine
• Aging is also a
contributing factor
• Nucleus pulposes loses
cushioning properties
• Anulus fibrosis weakens
Figure 7.14c
58. REGIONS AND NORMAL
CURVATURES
• Vertebral column is about 70 cm (28 inches)
• Vertebral column is divided into five major
regions
• Cervical vertebrae
• 7 vertebrae of the neck region
• Thoracic vertebrae
• 12 vertebrae of the thoracic region
59. REGIONS AND NORMAL
CURVATURES
• Vertebral column is divided into five major
regions (continued)
• Lumbar vertebrae
• 5 vertebrae of the lower back
• Sacrum
• Inferior to lumbar vertebrae
• Articulates with coxal bones
• Coccyx
• Most inferior region of the vertebral column
60. REGIONS AND NORMAL
CURVATURES
• Four distinct curvatures give vertebral column
an S-shape
• Cervical and lumbar curvature
• Are concave posteriorly
• Thoracic and sacral curvatures
• Are convex posteriorly
• Curvatures increase the resilience of the spine
64. REGIONS VERTEBRAL
CHARACTERISTICS
• Specific regions of the spine perform specific
functions
• Types of movement that occur between vertebrae
• Flexion and extension
• Lateral flexion
• Rotation in the long axis
65. CERVICAL VERTEBRAE
• Seven cervical vertebrae (C1 – C7) – smallest and
lightest vertebrae
• C3 – C7 are typical cervical vertebrae
• Body is wider laterally
• Spinous processes are short and bifid (except C7)
• Vertebral foramen are large and triangular
• Transverse processes contain transverse foramina
• Superior articular facets face superoposteriorly
68. THE ATLAS
• C1 is termed the atlas
• Lacks a body and spinous process
• Supports the skull
• Superior articular facets receive the occipital condyles
• Allows flexion and extension of neck
• Nodding the head “yes”
71. THE AXIS
• Has a body and spinous process
• Dens (odontoid process) projects superiorly
• Formed from fusion of the body of the atlas with the axis
• Acts as a pivot for rotation of the atlas and skull
• Participates in rotating the head from side to side
74. THORACIC VERTEBRAE (T1 –
T12)
• All articulate with ribs
• Have heart-shaped bodies from the superior view
• Each side of the body of T1 – T10 bears demifacts
for articulation with ribs
• T1 has a full facet for the first rib
• T10 – T12 only have a single facet