Big data and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have evolved and expanded tremendously and hence play a major role in building feasible initiatives for smart city development. IoT and big data form a perfect blend in bringing an interesting and novel challenge to attain futuristic smart cities. These new challenges mainly focus on business and technology related issues that help smart cities to formulate their principles, vision, & requirements of smart city applications. In this paper, the role of big data and IoT technologies with respect to smart cities is analyzed. The benefits that smart cities will have from big data and IoT are also discussed. Various challenges faced by smart cities in general related to big data and IoT have also been described here. Moreover, the future statistics of IoT and big data with respect to smart cities is also deliberated.
Teradata and Cisco integrated journey to IoT and Smart cityArtur Borycki
Presentation focus on highlighting how Cisco and Teradata are working together to deliver end to end IoT solutions to address Industrial problems and enables journey to Smart Cities. Industry 4.0 and Smart City requires not just sensors and devices but ability to enable system of system.
In this presentation, Venkatesh introduces IoT and associated trends. His interest area lies in analytics of data obtained through sensors. Some of his ideas include predicting mean sea level based on Oxygen levels, Intelligent transport systems etc.
Teradata and Cisco integrated journey to IoT and Smart cityArtur Borycki
Presentation focus on highlighting how Cisco and Teradata are working together to deliver end to end IoT solutions to address Industrial problems and enables journey to Smart Cities. Industry 4.0 and Smart City requires not just sensors and devices but ability to enable system of system.
In this presentation, Venkatesh introduces IoT and associated trends. His interest area lies in analytics of data obtained through sensors. Some of his ideas include predicting mean sea level based on Oxygen levels, Intelligent transport systems etc.
Johannes Bauer, Director of the Quello Center at Michigan State University, covers various aspects of the digital economy including opportunities and challenges, technological and economic drivers, value creation in the digital economy, harnessing benefits and minimizing risks, and measuring the digital economy.
Harbor Research recently completed a review of a new
cloud-based platform that takes a refreshingly new
approach to machine data analytics. Glassbeam jumps
ahead of the current market’s noise and confusion about
Big Data by viewing critical machine data analytics from a
business and operational perspective that can be addressed
by a single, scalable solution. In so doing, Glassbeam is
re-defining how value is created from machine data.
Each year Wing surveys the IoT landscape through our IoT Startup State of the Union. We do this to understand what is happening beyond the headlines, and share these insights with our community. This year, we expanded our data set to 3670 deals, across 68 IoT sub-categories, between 2013 and 2017.
A Quintessential smart city infrastructure framework for all stakeholdersJonathan L. Tan, M.B.A.
Smart City Infrastructure Framework provides guidance to open government data and infrastructure essentials for ICT \ Telecom, Energy \ Renewable Energy, Water \ Waste Water, Transportation, Education, Health and Government Services systems
I. Smart City Drivers
Smart City Definition
Smart City Elements
II. Smart City Infrastructure Frameworks
III. Technology Ecosystem
Stakeholders
ICT Essentials
OGD
ICT for Building Automation
Smart Water
Smart Energy
Smart Transportation
Smart Education
Smart Healthcare
Smart City Services
IV. Smart City Applications
V. Smart City Systems Infrastructure
Top SC Vendors
Smart Cities and Measurable Cities - a technological perspectiveSpeck&Tech
Speaker: ROBERTO MINERVA
Internet of Things is promising to be a set of technologies able to have a high impact on how people live, produce, modify and interact with the environment.
Such a transformation is driven by increasing technologies capabilities of sensors/actuators, communications, general purpose hardware, availability of software and programmability of devices.
The integration of so different technologies is a problem in itself and IoT is also trying to solve cogent issues of specific problem domains, such as e-health, transportation, manufacturing, and so on.
Smart cities stand on their own because the smartness requires integration of different technologies, processes and different administrative domains creating the needs to see the city as a large complex system. In addition to technological and problem domain specific challenges, there exist further challenges that fall in business, social and regulation realms. They can greatly impact the deployment and the success of IoT deployment within smart cities.
The speech aims is to provide a view on some major technologies challenges of IoT and to cover a few critical business and social issues that could hamper the large deployment of IoT systems within smart cities by providing some examples related to the creation of a future city that leverages its cultural heritage and specific needs as Venice.
This business seminar focuses on the objective of understanding Iot Smart Cities. Especially concerning opportunities, challenges, risks, strengths, threats, macroeconomic factors, market consolidation and maturation and more. Relevant for students and professionals interested in the IoT sector.
Smart City il est passe, thanks to IoT it's time for Adaptive CitySebastian Jakubiak
How transform city into smart or even more friendly adaptive city ? Thanks to IoT/AoT, AI, machine learning, sensors and open data everyone can benefit from waste or protect natural environment. Business case for recycled glass included.
Data Con LA 2020
Description
The power of data increases exponentially when communities form and use consolidated data structures for a common purpose. Collaborative data structures are built linking independent data structures together in a way where each contributor retains control over their data contribution to create a data driven infrastructure. I3 Systems is building a set of tools and support services needed to support collaborative data projects. This session will overview how the next level of data infrastructure will allow new insights to be derived from independent data sources.
*Learn how collaborative data infrastructures must be managed as a network of data structures
*Learn about the importance of data governance, security, and privacy in collaborative environments
*Lean how data collaborative structures can facilitate smart-cities and smart-health care environments
*Learn about how service and support are critical enabling aspects that compliment technical offerings
*Hear about real-world experiences and lessons learned bring collaborative networks to life
Speakers
Jerry Power, I3 Systems, CEO
Ryan Kurtzman, City of Long Beach, Program Manager
Internet of Things (IoT) has a great potential for diverse applications. IoT applications can provide interesting and useful applications in various fields such as agriculture, aviation, education and more
This presentation highlights the definition of IoT, various applications of IoT, the Role of IoT in building smart cities, and the challenges and opportunities of Implementing IoT for smart cities.
Smart cities: Understanding policies, standards, applications and case studies IJECEIAES
This paper presents the integration of required basic facilities of living such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure for building the smart cities. The administrations of smart cities should have the smart governance, safety measures with cultural and social stimulus. Four building blocks of smart cities, i.e., people and environment, smart utilities, smart technology and smart administration are described in the present paper. The aim of this paper is to give a clearer perspective of the key decisions with spatial reference that may assume a key part in the plan of a smart city technique. Application of various technologies, for examples big data, artificial intelligence, machine learning, internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, block chain technology to the smart cities are discussed in this paper. Various challenges of smart cities such as information technology (IT) infrastructure, cost, privacy, security, efficiency, fossil fuel dependency and congested commutes with proposed solutions are also presented in this paper.
Here's how big data and the Internet of Things work together: a vast network of sensors (IoT) collect a boatload of information (big data) that is then used to improve services and products in various industries, which in turn generate revenue.
Johannes Bauer, Director of the Quello Center at Michigan State University, covers various aspects of the digital economy including opportunities and challenges, technological and economic drivers, value creation in the digital economy, harnessing benefits and minimizing risks, and measuring the digital economy.
Harbor Research recently completed a review of a new
cloud-based platform that takes a refreshingly new
approach to machine data analytics. Glassbeam jumps
ahead of the current market’s noise and confusion about
Big Data by viewing critical machine data analytics from a
business and operational perspective that can be addressed
by a single, scalable solution. In so doing, Glassbeam is
re-defining how value is created from machine data.
Each year Wing surveys the IoT landscape through our IoT Startup State of the Union. We do this to understand what is happening beyond the headlines, and share these insights with our community. This year, we expanded our data set to 3670 deals, across 68 IoT sub-categories, between 2013 and 2017.
A Quintessential smart city infrastructure framework for all stakeholdersJonathan L. Tan, M.B.A.
Smart City Infrastructure Framework provides guidance to open government data and infrastructure essentials for ICT \ Telecom, Energy \ Renewable Energy, Water \ Waste Water, Transportation, Education, Health and Government Services systems
I. Smart City Drivers
Smart City Definition
Smart City Elements
II. Smart City Infrastructure Frameworks
III. Technology Ecosystem
Stakeholders
ICT Essentials
OGD
ICT for Building Automation
Smart Water
Smart Energy
Smart Transportation
Smart Education
Smart Healthcare
Smart City Services
IV. Smart City Applications
V. Smart City Systems Infrastructure
Top SC Vendors
Smart Cities and Measurable Cities - a technological perspectiveSpeck&Tech
Speaker: ROBERTO MINERVA
Internet of Things is promising to be a set of technologies able to have a high impact on how people live, produce, modify and interact with the environment.
Such a transformation is driven by increasing technologies capabilities of sensors/actuators, communications, general purpose hardware, availability of software and programmability of devices.
The integration of so different technologies is a problem in itself and IoT is also trying to solve cogent issues of specific problem domains, such as e-health, transportation, manufacturing, and so on.
Smart cities stand on their own because the smartness requires integration of different technologies, processes and different administrative domains creating the needs to see the city as a large complex system. In addition to technological and problem domain specific challenges, there exist further challenges that fall in business, social and regulation realms. They can greatly impact the deployment and the success of IoT deployment within smart cities.
The speech aims is to provide a view on some major technologies challenges of IoT and to cover a few critical business and social issues that could hamper the large deployment of IoT systems within smart cities by providing some examples related to the creation of a future city that leverages its cultural heritage and specific needs as Venice.
This business seminar focuses on the objective of understanding Iot Smart Cities. Especially concerning opportunities, challenges, risks, strengths, threats, macroeconomic factors, market consolidation and maturation and more. Relevant for students and professionals interested in the IoT sector.
Smart City il est passe, thanks to IoT it's time for Adaptive CitySebastian Jakubiak
How transform city into smart or even more friendly adaptive city ? Thanks to IoT/AoT, AI, machine learning, sensors and open data everyone can benefit from waste or protect natural environment. Business case for recycled glass included.
Data Con LA 2020
Description
The power of data increases exponentially when communities form and use consolidated data structures for a common purpose. Collaborative data structures are built linking independent data structures together in a way where each contributor retains control over their data contribution to create a data driven infrastructure. I3 Systems is building a set of tools and support services needed to support collaborative data projects. This session will overview how the next level of data infrastructure will allow new insights to be derived from independent data sources.
*Learn how collaborative data infrastructures must be managed as a network of data structures
*Learn about the importance of data governance, security, and privacy in collaborative environments
*Lean how data collaborative structures can facilitate smart-cities and smart-health care environments
*Learn about how service and support are critical enabling aspects that compliment technical offerings
*Hear about real-world experiences and lessons learned bring collaborative networks to life
Speakers
Jerry Power, I3 Systems, CEO
Ryan Kurtzman, City of Long Beach, Program Manager
Internet of Things (IoT) has a great potential for diverse applications. IoT applications can provide interesting and useful applications in various fields such as agriculture, aviation, education and more
This presentation highlights the definition of IoT, various applications of IoT, the Role of IoT in building smart cities, and the challenges and opportunities of Implementing IoT for smart cities.
Smart cities: Understanding policies, standards, applications and case studies IJECEIAES
This paper presents the integration of required basic facilities of living such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure for building the smart cities. The administrations of smart cities should have the smart governance, safety measures with cultural and social stimulus. Four building blocks of smart cities, i.e., people and environment, smart utilities, smart technology and smart administration are described in the present paper. The aim of this paper is to give a clearer perspective of the key decisions with spatial reference that may assume a key part in the plan of a smart city technique. Application of various technologies, for examples big data, artificial intelligence, machine learning, internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, block chain technology to the smart cities are discussed in this paper. Various challenges of smart cities such as information technology (IT) infrastructure, cost, privacy, security, efficiency, fossil fuel dependency and congested commutes with proposed solutions are also presented in this paper.
Here's how big data and the Internet of Things work together: a vast network of sensors (IoT) collect a boatload of information (big data) that is then used to improve services and products in various industries, which in turn generate revenue.
The Fascinating Story Of The Rise of IoT in smart cities 2023 | CIO Women Mag...CIOWomenMagazine
Since 1950, the number of people living in cities has almost doubled, rising from 751 million in 1950 to 4.2 billion in 2018. It presents several issues in managing densely populated metropolitan regions. Making the Rise of IoT in smart cities is the answer.
Since the development of advanced metering and digital technology, Smart City has been equipped based on things IOT in different electronic devices, and therefore smarter than before. The purpose of this paper is to carry out the concept of smart cities and their motivation and application of a comprehensive review. In addition, the survey describes the intelligent networking technology and smart cities and major components of urban functions. This also explains the major challenges and experiences around the world. Mukesh Kumawat | Mr. Durgesh Kumar | Dr. Garima Mathur ""IOT Based Smart Cities"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23246.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23246/iot-based-smart-cities/mukesh-kumawat
An Internet of Things blueprint for a smarter worldMarc Jadoul
Published October, 2015
This white paper discusses how to leverage machine-to-machine communications, big data analytics and the cloud to power a smarter world and monetize the Internet of Things.
Internet of Things Insights of Applications in Research and Innovation to Int...ijtsrd
In existing world IOT find a great attention from researchers, it becomes an vital technology that offers a well defined communications between objects and machines. That will offer immediate access to information about the real world and objects in it leading to innovative facilities and increase in effectiveness and output. The IoT developments address the whole IoT spectrum form the devices at the edge to cloud and data centres on the backend and everything in between through ecosystems are generated by industry, research and application stakeholders that enable real world use cases to quicken the in IoT and establish open interoperability standards and common architectures for IoT solutions. This paper studies the perception of many IoT applications and innovation of original connected technologies to the challenges that in front of the execution of the IoT. Deepika Bairagee | Aditya Sharma "Internet of Things: Insights of Applications in Research and Innovation to Integrated Ecosystem" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31213.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/31213/internet-of-things-insights-of-applications-in-research-and-innovation-to-integrated-ecosystem/deepika-bairagee
Application and Usefulness of Internet of Things in Information TechnologyDr. Amarjeet Singh
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of
interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital
machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with
unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a
network without requiring human-to-human or human-tocomputer interaction. It is an ambiguous term, but it is fast
becoming a tangible technology that can be applied in data
centers to collect information on just about anything that
IT wants to control. IoT has evolved from the convergence
of wireless technologies, micro-electromechanical systems
(MEMS), microservices and the internet. The convergence
has helped tear down the silo walls between operational
technology (OT) and information technology (IT), allowing
unstructured machine-generated data to be analyzed for
insights that will drive improvements. The Internet of
Things (IoT) is essentially a system of machines or objects
outfitted with data-collecting technologies so that those
objects can communicate with one another. The machineto-machine (M2M) data that is generated has a wide range
of uses, but is commonly seen as a way to determine the
health and status of things -- inanimate or living.
The world is moving forward at a fast hop, and the credit goes to ever growing technology. One such idea is IOT Internet of things with which automation is no longer a virtual reality. The Internet of Things will seamlessly incorporate a large number of different and heterogeneous end systems, while providing open access to selected subsets of data for the development of an overabundance of digital services. Building a wide ranging architecture for IoT is required because of the extremely large variety of devices but it is a very complex task, link layer technologies, and services that may be involved in such a system. In this paper we emphasis specifically to an urban IoT systems that, while still being quite a broad category, are characterized by their specific application domain. Urban IoTs, in fact, are designed to support the Smart City vision, which aims at take advantage of the most advanced communication technologies to support added value services for the administration of the city and for the citizens. Sunitha C | Asha Priya B | Lavanya S ""Need of Internet of Things for Smart Cities"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23597.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/world-wide-web/23597/need-of-internet-of-things-for-smart-cities/sunitha-c
Applicability of big data techniques to smart cities deploymentsNexgen Technology
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Big data represents one of the most profound and most pervasive evolutions in the digital world. Examples of big data come from Internet of Things (IoT) devices, as well as smart cars, but also the use of social networks, industries, and so on. The sources of data are numerous and continuously increasing, and, therefore, what characterizes big data is not only the volume but also the complexity due to the heterogeneity of information that can be obtained. The fastest growth in spending on big data technologies is happening within banking, healthcare, insurance, securities and investment services, and telecommunications. Remarkably, three of those industries lie within the financial sector, which has many particularly serviceable use cases for big data analytics, such as fraud detection, risk management, and customer service optimization. In fact, the definition of big data analysis refers to the process that encompasses the gathering and analysis of big data to obtain useful information for the business. This paper focuses on delivering a short review concerning the current technologies, future perspectives, and the evaluation of some use cased associated with the analysis of big data.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
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Analyzing Role of Big Data and IoT in Smart Cities
1. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-3, Issue-5, May- 2017]
https://dx.doi.org/10.24001/ijaems.3.5.29 ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 584
Analyzing Role of Big Data and IoT in Smart
Cities
Namrata Nagpal
Amity Institute of Information Technology, Amity University, India
Abstract— Big data and Internet of Things (IoT)
technologies have evolved and expanded tremendously
and hence play a major role in building feasible
initiatives for smart city development. IoT and big data
form a perfect blend in bringing an interesting and novel
challenge to attain futuristic smart cities. These new
challenges mainly focus on business and technology
related issues that help smart cities to formulate their
principles, vision, & requirements of smart city
applications. In this paper, the role of big data and IoT
technologies with respect to smart cities is analyzed. The
benefits that smart cities will have from big data and IoT
are also discussed. Various challenges faced by smart
cities in general related to big data and IoT have also
been described here. Moreover, the future statistics of
IoT and big data with respect to smart cities is also
deliberated.
Keywords— Big data, benefits, challenges, IoT, smart
cities
I. INTRODUCTION
Smart Cities are using big data and Internet of Things
(IoT) for exchange of digitized information and
communication in order to improvise the city services
with respect to performance, quality, and wellbeing of
citizens. The applications related to Smart City are
developed keeping in mind the improvement of urban
flow management. The people living in cities are
expected to get doubled by 2050. The experts predict the
urban population will reach to six billion by 2050 in
contrast to 3.6 billion as of now. This will increase the
enormous pressure on the available resources [3].
IoT and big data are together very significant
technologies which will be implanted into each smart
device and become available to billions of people
directly or indirectly. As the Internet is ubiquitous, with
the government’s initiative towards making every city
smart, everything will be IoT enabled and will produce
enormous data. Thereafter, big data analytics will be
applied to deduce various inferences and give an insight
into the Service industry. Thus IoT and big data will
eventually raise the standards of quality of people’s lives
in years to come.
II. UNDERSTANDING BIG DATA, IOT AND
SMART CITY
Big Data: The term “Big Data” describes a massive
volume of structured/unstructured data which complex to
manage using traditional databases. SaS defined as, “Big
data is a popular term used to describe the exponential
growth, availability, and use of information, both
structured and unstructured” [7]. IBM defined big data as
“Data, coming from everywhere; sensors used to gather
climate information, posts to social media sites, digital
pictures and videos, purchase transaction record, and cell
phone GPS signal to name a few” [7]. The big data
system will stock, mine information from smart cities
applications in an effective way and provide enhanced
information regarding smart city services. In addition, this
enhanced information help the decision-makers in
planning various new smart city services.
Features of Big Data:
1. Volume: It talks about amount of data.
2. Variety: It talks about structured and
unstructured data from multiple sources which
can be diverse in nature.
3. Velocity: It talks about the speed in which the
massive and continuous big data flows in from
different sources.
4. Variability: It talks about the constantly
changes taking place in the structure and
meaning of data.
5. Value: It talks about the advantages big data
provides to a business w.r.t. good big data
collection, analysis, management.
Hence, the above mentioned features clearly depict huge
potential for gains and advancements bounded by the
available technologies and tools. In order to achieve goals
in smart cities, big data requires correct tools and methods
that give efficient and effective results.
Internet of things (IoT): It may sound new to many
people around, but it is the buzzing word for the world of
smart gadget users. IoT is an enormous network of
devices that can connect and share the information with
the help of these physical objects or "things" ranging from
smartphone, wearable gadgets, and headphones to smart
television sets [2]. The IoT permits objects to sense and
control remote access across given network infrastructure,
2. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-3, Issue-5, May- 2017]
https://dx.doi.org/10.24001/ijaems.3.5.29 ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 585
and provide a direct link between the real world and PC-
based systems, thus increasing accuracy and efficiency
and improving economic benefits [3]. Hence IoT can also
be described as providing connection between internet-
connected objects such as consumer electronics,
environmental sensors, security monitoring equipment
and wearable devices and record and/or transmit data that
can be used for various purposes
Smart City: A smart city is best described as a one
solution connecting variety of day to day aspects like
transportation, power, and buildings in a smart and
effective manner, thus improving the life quality of city
people. The data in smart cities is gathered in huge
abundance from the real time devices, sensors,
video/audio, log files, networks, web, transactional
applications and social media. Hence smart cities
incorporate IoT, smart infrastructure, M2M connectivity
to manage power, resources and improve urban planning
[1].
III. BIG DATA & IOT BENEFITS IN SMART
CITIES
The first paragraph under each heading or subheading Big
data and IoT together provide various benefits to the
citizens of the smart city and thus improve the power,
resources and inculcate excellent urban planning. The IoT
sensor network gives numerous benefits to both its
citizens and the government authorities. Some of the
benefits are listed here as under:
Water waste management
Increasing Relevant Use of the Resources only when
it is required
Avoiding the unnecessary use of Irrigation systems
during rain or street lights during day time.
Automating public transport using cloud based big
data automation
Traffic management
Avoiding time wastage at bus stops using location-
based advertising
Smart metering that monitors the optimum usage of
energy, gas, water etc.
Monitor pollution levels in city streets and enable
automatic alarms above alarming levels.
Noise and Pollution management
Water Management –wastage of water due to leaks
can be detected and curbed.
Waste disposal management
Waste management
Citizen Information system
Energy management, for example, the city of
Santander in Spain saves tons of money due to
utilization of RFID sensors, GPRS and IEEE
standards and provides cost- effective waste and
energy management.
Transport management – Enable smooth traffic flow
with the use of Real time traffic maps, also provide
information regarding free parking slots available in
nearest parking slot in advance will save time and
fuel and reduce traffic jams and pollution level,
thereby improving quality of life[5].
Saving millions of wealth if better fuel efficiency is
shown regarding heavy goods train and locomotive
engines based on carrying heavy cargo weight and
engine type.
Using big data, information taken from vehicles can
be used to reduce pollution levels. IoT technology
can also be applied in the form of sensors fitted
beneath the roads that could calculate amount of
traffic in a day. Such information can be used by
traffic controllers to divert the extra traffic and thus
reduce carbon emission from particular road. For
example, the Los Angeles city in USA has deployed
road sensors and cameras that regulate traffic and
avoid congestion.
As less energy is consumed, the environment will
surely be more clean, green and cool. The Bristol city
is a good example of using an IoT- based wireless
network which is considered to consume less energy
and bandwidths than the traditional networks. This in
turn will make mobile phone batteries to work longer
and stay better [4].
As Internet of Things and big data are changing the
scenario of the world by acting on issues like traffic
control, waste management and energy conservation, it is
needless to say that smart cities will also get benefitted
with this technological transformation.
IV. BIG DATA & IOT CHALLENGES IN SMART
CITIES
As smart cities are evolving and have dynamic
environments, following challenges may be faced during
design and implementation of smart city solutions Using
Big Data and IoT.
The biggest challenge that can be seen is related to
multiple sources and their various formats.
Processing such varied data using traditional software
is very difficult.
Another important challenge is data integration from
various environments, organizations, and variety of
intelligent devices. The scenario becomes all the
more challenging when information is passed among
various departments. Smart City solution should be
designed to prevent the privacy of the people’s lives.
3. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-3, Issue-5, May- 2017]
https://dx.doi.org/10.24001/ijaems.3.5.29 ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 586
As the data is collected from various organizations,
maintaining the quality if data is a challenging task.
With big data incorporated in the form of big data
warehouses, data needs to be stored in a specific
format without tampering the quality of data. Proper
mechanism should be applied while dealing with
third party data and ensuring data integrity and
quality.
The data security in a big data environment is even
more challenging as the size and volume of data here
is quite high. Data security refers to the fact that
correct data should be disseminated to correct person
and correct time. While designing a secured smart
city, data breaching needs to be avoided; data should
be masked and encrypted properly so that it doesn’t
fall prey to unauthorized access.
Another challenging issue is to keep pace with the
ever changing technology. The smart city solutions
should be so designed that they may be able to get
accustomed and adapt themselves as the technology
advances with time. The upgrading of entire system
should be flexible.
There are no standards and protocols set with respect
to smart city and IoT or big data and their use. Hence
lack of common platform is a challenging aspect.
V. FUTURE OF BIG DATA & IOT IN SMART
CITIES
The technology advances are rapidly paving the way for
smart cities. One of the surveys conducted by an
organization predicts that 26 to 28 billion connected
devices will be in use by year 2020. The companies
around the world are ensuring that products developed in
the future should incorporate IoT to keep pace with the
future market [2].
A smart city is one urban area that will believe in IT
advancements in order to improve the quality of life of
citizens, maintain available resources like roads and water
in sustainable manner and reduce environmental
pollution. As per facts given by New Jersey Institute of
Technology (NJIT), smart city technology will raise to an
industry costing $27.5 billion by 2023. Thereafter, the
entire world will have around 88 smart cities by 2025[6].
Hence the companies have to gain experience and use big
data and get equipped with this latest technology. 30 to 40
percent organizations are utilizing Big Data; out of which
around 40 percent have started taking advantage of IoT.
Analyzing current trends we assume that Big Data and
IoT will rule IT technology world and give new prospects
to the smart city development [2].
VI. CONCLUSION
The role of Big Data and IoT is essential in building
smart cities. Consistent technology & infrastructure is
required that can challenge M2M, machine to human,
communication and provide public services to all cities.
Big Data will assist to analyze, predict information
collected by smart devices in smart cities. Various
benefits that can be applied with the help of big data and
IoT have already been discussed in the paper. The
scenario has some challenges also as the data is from
various heterogeneous sources. Hence, the technology
must be implemented with proper understanding. Thus,
managing big data and applying IoT related technology
infrastructure will soon transform normal cities into smart
cities.
REFERENCES
[1] Al Nuaimi et al.,” Applications of big data to smart
cities”, Journal of Internet Services and Applications
(2015) 6:25
[2] https://www.greycampus.com/blog/big-
data/advantages-of-big-data-and-iot-in-digital-
marketing
[3] Sanjeev Kumar, Anand Prakash, “Role of Big Data
and Analytics in Smart Cities”, International Journal
of Science and Research, 2016.
[4] http://iotworm.com/big-data-iot-development-smart-
cities/
[5] Satish Phakade Pawar, “Smart city with Internet of
Things (Sensor networks) and Big Data”, ASM’S
IBMR, Chichwad, Pune,
http://academia.edu/smart_city_with_Internet_of_Th
ings(sensor_networks)_and_bigdata.pdf.
[6] http://graduatedegrees.online.njit.edu/resources/msc
s/mscs-infographics/big-data-and-the-iot-the-future-
of-the-smart-city/