The document discusses the analysis and optimization of MPLS technology implemented by RJIL, a growing telecom provider in India aiming to deliver comprehensive 4G services. It outlines the MPLS architecture, control and forwarding planes, and the advantages of MPLS over traditional routing methodologies, particularly in handling real-time multimedia applications. Additionally, it highlights the implementation of Layer 3 MPLS VPNs for efficient customer connectivity, along with the scalability benefits of SDN as compared to MPLS VPN.

1. Analyzing and Optimizing
MPLS Technology at RJIL
Internal Mentor: External Mentor: Presented By :
Prof. Sameer Prabhu Mr. Saurabh Srivastava Tushar Saxena
J040

2. Organizational Profile
• RJIL- Upcoming provider of mobile telephony, broadband
services, and digital services in India.
• Formerly Infotel Broadband Services Limited, to provide
4G services on a pan-India level (LTE technology)
• Spectrum in 1800 MHz (across 14 circles) and 2300 MHz
(across 22 circles) capable of offering fourth generation
(4G) wireless services.
• Plans to provide seamless 4G services using FDD-LTE on
1800 MHz and TDD-LTE on 2300 MHz through an
integrated ecosystem.

3. 4G Architecture at Reliance Jio

4. Why MPLS?
• Real-time and multimedia applications have grown
enormously during the last few years.
• Require guaranteed bandwidth in a packet switched
networks.
• MPLS networks cater to these requirements without
compromising scalability.

5. MPLS Architecture

6. • LER- Insertion of labels before transmission between the
MPLS network.
• LSR- performs label operation and packet forwarding
through the MPLS enabled network.
• Packets Travel across the MPLS enabled network via
specific route -“Label Switched Path (LSP)”.
• This path is unidirectional and is defined between ingress
edge routers to an egress edge router.
• In bidirectional communication, return traffic does not
necessarily take the same path as original traffic.

7. • FEC- includes a cluster of packets of a specific application
forwarded in its switch path over the same pathway
(with same forwarding treatment).
• Every packet of a particular class hold same service
requirement.
• Data traffic is assigned a new FEC.
• Independent LSP assignment is necessary for each
direction.

8. Traditional Routing
• Every router in a network might need full Internet
Routing information.
• Destination- based routing lookups are needed in every
router.
• Consumes more memory, increases the overall time for
routing and decision making for path selection.

10. MPLS Forwarding
• MPLS Core routers swap labels and forward
packets according to simple label lookups.
• MPLS Edge routers also perform a routing table
lookup and have the capability to add or remove
a label.

12. MPLS Control Plane
• Responsible for collecting and propagating the
information that will be used later to forward incoming
packets.
• Routing protocols (OSPF, EIGRP and BGP) and label
distribution protocols are parts of control plane.
• The Routing Information (data)Base (RIB) and Label
Information Base (LIB) are processed in software and
used to populate FIB(forwarding information base)

14. Forwarding Plane
• The Forwarding Information Base (FIB) is built from the
information in the RIB and is used to forward incoming
unlabeled IP packets.
• The egress can be IP packets or labeled packets.
• LFIB is used to forward incoming labeled packets to the
egress interface
• The result can be a labeled packet (label swapping) or
normal IP packet (label disposition).

16. Features of MPLS
• A forwarding mechanism in which packets are forwarded
according to labels
• Decreases forwarding overhead on core routers
• Supports multiple services, including: Unicast and
multicast routing, VPN, TE, QoS, AToM
• Can support forwarding of non-IP protocol.
• MPLS label correspond to destination networks
(equivalent to traditional IP forwarding).

17. MPLS Header Format
• Each label stack entry contains four fields:
• A 20-bit label value. A label with the value of 1 represents the
router alert label
• A 3-bit Traffic Class field for QoS (quality of service) priority and
ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification).
• A 1-bit bottom of stack flag. If this is set, it signifies that the
current label is the last in the stack.
• An 8-bit TTL (time to live) field.

18. MPLS Implementation at Jio –
Layer 3 MPLS VPN

19. • Customers connect to service provider via IP
• Service provider enables any-to-any connectivity
between sites belonging to the same VPN.
• Service uses virtual routers to isolate customer routing
information.
• Customers can use any addressing inside their VPN

20. • MPLS-based VPNs are created in Layer 3 based on the
peer model, makes them more scalable and easier to
build and manage than conventional VPNs.
• Benefits of Peer-to-Peer Model:
• Peer-to-Peer VPN guarantees optimum routing
between customer sites.
• Easier to provision an additional VPN.
• Only Sites provisioned, not links between them

21. Limitations of MPLS VPN
• VPN Cost
• VPN Security and Design
• Scalability

22. Optimization Strategy - SDN
• OpenFlow Protocol- Fundamental for building SDN
solutions.
• Is dynamic, agile and cost effective.
• Appropriate for high- bandwidth, dynamic user
requirements.
• Decouples network control and Forwarding functions-
Directly Programmable

23. SDN Overview

24. Benefits of SDN over MPLS-VPN
• Directly programmable
• Agile
• Centrally managed
• Programmatically configured
• Open standards-based and vendor-neutral

25. Thank You!