The document analyzes how hydrolysis changes the curing temperatures of electrostatic thermosetting powder coating residue. Differential scanning calorimetry and Kofler hot bench experiments were used to analyze residues before and after hydrolysis. The results showed that hydrolysis increased the temperatures at which the residues started to form film coatings on metal surfaces by 60°C for one residue and 30°C for another. Hydrolyzed residues also reacted differently in DSC analyses, demonstrating endothermic regions in both heating cycles due to their altered structure from hydrolysis. Thus, hydrolysis makes the residues workable at higher temperatures suitable for recycling processes like extrusion and injection molding.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Study the Effect of the Untreated and Treated Fly Ash on the Mechanical Prope...YogeshIJTSRD
Ordinary fly ash type C is modified the surface by the agents KOH 3M, Silane Silquest in acidic condition pH = 4 and Stearic acid 2 , respectively. Mixture of bisphenol A epoxy resin GELR 128 resin A and Bisphenol F epoxy resin EPOTEC 170LV F resin is prepared by agitating well in a glass with a agitating speed of 200 rpm at a temperature of 50°C and a time of 30 minutes. Modified fly ash was dispersed into mixture of epoxy resin and then solidified with Kingcure K11 hardener. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the polymer composites based on mixture of bisphenol A and bisphenol F with treated fly ash 10 , 20 , 30 by weight cured by Kingcure K11 hardener were higher than that of untreated fly ash composites. Bach Trong Phuc | Pham Duc Trinh | Nguyen Thanh Liem "Study the Effect of the Untreated and Treated Fly Ash on the Mechanical Properties of the Polymer Composites Based on a Mixture of Bisphenol a and Bisphenol F Epoxy Resin Cured by Kingcure K11 Hardener" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39950.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/polymer-chemistry/39950/study-the-effect-of-the-untreated-and-treated-fly-ash-on-the-mechanical-properties-of-the-polymer-composites-based-on-a-mixture-of-bisphenol-a-and-bisphenol-f-epoxy-resin-cured-by-kingcure-k11-hardener/bach-trong-phuc
Infomatica, as it stands today, is a manifestation of our values, toil, and dedication towards imparting knowledge to the pupils of the society. Visit us: http://www.infomaticaacademy.com/
this presentation is for polymer processing and their applications. it includes diffrent process through which we process polymers and make use of them in our daily life.
Brief lesson on where plastics come from, the difference between thermoplastics and thermosettings, types of thermoplastics and thermosettings products and how plastics are shaped.
This topic relates to polymer structure and types of plastic. It also explains the usage and mechanical properties of thermo plastic, thermosetting plastic and the process of making plastic products.
Study the Effect of the Untreated and Treated Fly Ash on the Mechanical Prope...YogeshIJTSRD
Ordinary fly ash type C is modified the surface by the agents KOH 3M, Silane Silquest in acidic condition pH = 4 and Stearic acid 2 , respectively. Mixture of bisphenol A epoxy resin GELR 128 resin A and Bisphenol F epoxy resin EPOTEC 170LV F resin is prepared by agitating well in a glass with a agitating speed of 200 rpm at a temperature of 50°C and a time of 30 minutes. Modified fly ash was dispersed into mixture of epoxy resin and then solidified with Kingcure K11 hardener. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the polymer composites based on mixture of bisphenol A and bisphenol F with treated fly ash 10 , 20 , 30 by weight cured by Kingcure K11 hardener were higher than that of untreated fly ash composites. Bach Trong Phuc | Pham Duc Trinh | Nguyen Thanh Liem "Study the Effect of the Untreated and Treated Fly Ash on the Mechanical Properties of the Polymer Composites Based on a Mixture of Bisphenol a and Bisphenol F Epoxy Resin Cured by Kingcure K11 Hardener" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39950.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/polymer-chemistry/39950/study-the-effect-of-the-untreated-and-treated-fly-ash-on-the-mechanical-properties-of-the-polymer-composites-based-on-a-mixture-of-bisphenol-a-and-bisphenol-f-epoxy-resin-cured-by-kingcure-k11-hardener/bach-trong-phuc
Infomatica, as it stands today, is a manifestation of our values, toil, and dedication towards imparting knowledge to the pupils of the society. Visit us: http://www.infomaticaacademy.com/
this presentation is for polymer processing and their applications. it includes diffrent process through which we process polymers and make use of them in our daily life.
Brief lesson on where plastics come from, the difference between thermoplastics and thermosettings, types of thermoplastics and thermosettings products and how plastics are shaped.
This topic relates to polymer structure and types of plastic. It also explains the usage and mechanical properties of thermo plastic, thermosetting plastic and the process of making plastic products.
Tư vấn lập dự án nhà máy bột giấy
Tư vấn lập dự án nhà máy bột giấy
Tư vấn lập dự án nhà máy bột giấy
Tư vấn lập dự án nhà máy bột giấy
Tư vấn lập dự án nhà máy bột giấy
Tư vấn lập dự án: http://www.lapduan.com.vn/
Tư vấn môi trường: http://thaonguyenxanhgroup.com/
Liên Hệ:
ÔNG TY MÔI TRƯỜNG THẢO NGUYÊN XANH
Trụ sở: 158 Nguyễn Văn Thủ, P. Đakao, Quận 1, Hồ Chí Minh
Hotline: 0839118552 - 0918755356
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Simulation of curing process of carbon/epoxy composite during autoclave degas...Darkdragon766
Simulation of curing process of carbon/epoxy composite during
autoclave degassing molding by considering phase changes of epoxy
resin
Seong-Hwan Yoo a, b
, Min-Gu Han a
, Jin-Ho Hong a
, Seung-Hwan Chang a, *
a School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University (CAU), 221, Huksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
b Korea Photonics Technology Institute Lighting Solution R&BD Center, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The effect of functionalized carbon nanotubes on thermalmechanical performanc...IJRTEMJOURNAL
The new approaches for preparing nanocomposite coating by modificated carbon nanonotubes
(CNTs) and epoxy resin was done in the study. thermal-mechanical performance of nanocomposite coating was
investigated and the results were reported in this paper. The physic-chemical techniques such as Differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the thermal
performance of Epoxy nanocomposite coating. The test techniques for mechanical properties of paint coating as
adhesion, hardness, impact resistance and bending strength were employed in the work. The results indicated
that CNTs were dispersed in epoxy coating with only ratio of 0.1 wt% enhanced the Glass Transition
Temperature (Tg), decomposition temperature of epoxy coating and improved mechanical properties
significantly. Also functionalized CNTs can be reinforced thermal-mechanical of the epoxy coating better than
neat CNTs.
The effect of functionalized carbon nanotubes on thermalmechanical performanc...journal ijrtem
The new approaches for preparing nanocomposite coating by modificated carbon nanonotubes
(CNTs) and epoxy resin was done in the study. thermal-mechanical performance of nanocomposite coating was
investigated and the results were reported in this paper. The physic-chemical techniques such as Differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the thermal
performance of Epoxy nanocomposite coating. The test techniques for mechanical properties of paint coating as
adhesion, hardness, impact resistance and bending strength were employed in the work. The results indicated
that CNTs were dispersed in epoxy coating with only ratio of 0.1 wt% enhanced the Glass Transition
Temperature (Tg), decomposition temperature of epoxy coating and improved mechanical properties
significantly. Also functionalized CNTs can be reinforced thermal-mechanical of the epoxy coating better than
neat CNTs.
An experimental and analytical study to show the effect of theOzyegin University
The main purpose of this paper is showing the enhancement of thermal conductivity
of the epoxy with many percentages of carbon fiber into it. In addition to pure epoxy and pure
carbon fiber, three percentages of carbon fiber are used in this study, which are 20, 40, and 60%,
respectively. All of these samples are tested at different values of applied powers (input power)
(10, 25, 40, 55, and 70 W). A comparison between pure epoxy, pure carbon fiber and the
composites that involve all these percentages is done. In addition, the study involves the effect of
these simples on the performances of both Aluminum and cooper heat sinks.
It is shown from the results that increasing in fiber carbon percentage leads to increase in
thermal conductivity of composite, heat sink junction temperature, overall heat sink efficiency,
and density of composite. The increasing in overall heat sink efficiency leads to decrease the
height of heat sink, and consequently decreasing its cost. For instance at 70 W power input,
increasing the fiber carbon percentage(from 0 to 100%) for each material of heat sink, leads to
decrease the average fin length by 48% ,decrease the manufacturing cost by 47%, increase in
junction temperature by 65 %, and increase fin efficiency by 2.5 %.
In this paper, the experimental work is done on different materials EN8 Steel and EN38 steel. Chemical etching technique is used for this purpose. These both materials are used for the low pressure dies or plastic dies. For the preparing of these dies the complex parts of dies are to be prepared by chemical etching technique. During the machining with chemical etching technique the overcut area of material is caused. In this experimentation minimum overcut area is concluded for best machining. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is employed to investigate the influence of time, temperature and concentration on minimum overcut area of the material. The experiments was conducted to varying the parameters of etching process like temperature from 18 Degree Celsius to 22 Degree Celsius, Time from 2 hrs to 6 hrs and concentration 8% to 12% are studied in details according to Taguchi's design of experiments. At last results are analyzed using Taguchi, ANOVA and parametric optimization is done for minimum overcut area of material. From the experimentation, it is concluded that for etching of EN8 steel and EN38 steel, optimum machining condition for minimum overcut area with Time (2hrs), Temperature (18 Degree Celsius), and Concentration (8%).
Evaluation Performance ofan Annular Composite Fin by UsingMATLAB ProgrammingIJERA Editor
The aim of this project is analysis the efficiency ratio in an annular fin by the variation of heat transfer coefficient for any surface condition by using MATLAB software to calculate the base fin efficiency and the coated fin efficiency by the variation of heat transfer coefficient, radius ratio and base fin thickness of an annular fin and compare the coating fin efficiency to base fin efficiency. If the heat transfer coefficient is 50W/m2K the increase efficiency ratio is 10.46 – 28.02% for zinc coating fin from the literature but the MATLAB result is 9.3 - 25.54% , the gain efficiency ratio at thicker base fin (d=0.001m) is 11.72%, at the thinner base fin (d=0.0002m) is 33.57% from the literature but the MATLAB result is 7.45% (d=0.001m) and 32.14% (d=0.0002m) for zinc coating fin and the gain efficiency ratio at thicker base fin (d=0.001m) is 11.92%, at the thinner base fin (d=0.0002m) is 33.61% from the literature but the MATLAB result is 7.51% (d=0.001m) and 32.16% (d=0.0002m) for zinc alloy coating fin.
Similar to Analysis of the Change in Curing Temperatures as a Result of Hydrolysis of Electrostatic Thermosetting Powder Coating Residue (20)
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Analysis of the Change in Curing Temperatures as a Result of Hydrolysis of Electrostatic Thermosetting Powder Coating Residue
1. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 6726
www.ijesi.org ||Volume 5 Issue 12|| December 2016 || PP.27-33
www.ijesi.org 27 | Page
Analysis of the Change in Curing Temperatures as a Result of
Hydrolysis of Electrostatic Thermosetting Powder Coating
Residue
Yilmaz KISMET1
1
(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Munzur University, Turkey)
ABSTRACT : Changes in thermal properties of electrostatic thermosetting powder coating residue
(polyester/epoxy and polyester/polyurethane) and hydrolyzed form of these residues were analyzed by
"Differential Scanning Calorimetry" (DSC) and "Kofler Hot Bench" in the present study. Glass transition,
melting, and crystallization temperatures of two different electrostatic thermosetting powder coating residue
were measured with DSC analyses to determine the effects of hydrolysis. Melting and curing (hardening)
temperatures were determined using kofler hot bench experiment, a simple and fast method. As a result, it was
observed that, while the temperature that the thermosetting powder coating residue started to create film
coating on metal surfaces was approximately 130o
C, it commenced to increase to 160o
C in certain residue, and
up to 190o
C in others with hydrolysis. Thus, it would be possible to utilize electrostatic thermosetting powder
coating residue in high temperature manufacturing applications in the polymer industry (extrusion
manufacturing, hot pressing, injection molding, blow molding, etc.).
KEYWORDS – DSC, hydrolysis, kofler hot bench, powder coating, recycling.
I. INTRODUCTION
Electrostatic powder coating technology that has a history of approximately 60 years is used not only in
coating of metal material, but also in coating aluminum and polymer, and several other materials for decorative
purposes today [1-4]. Powder coating does not contain solvents as opposed to wet paint. Since it contains no
solvent, harmful gas emissions were not released during powder coating applications [1,3]. It is preferred more
in the developed technology environment of today with its high productivity, low energy costs and environment
friendly properties and it is becoming more prevalent [2,5].
There are two different types of powder coating, namely thermosetting and thermoplastic, which are
obtained by mixing specific proportions of resin, hardener, pigments, filling material, and additives [1,3,8].
Powder coatings that include 80% resin and hardener by weight are also named based on the resin and hardener
they contain [1,2]. These materials that form powder coating initially weighed according to the rates required
by the desired compound and mechanically mixed in a pre-mixer. To ensure the homogeneity of the mixture, it
is processed in the extruder under certain temperatures depending on the type of powder coating. The material
that turns into melt in the extruder is initially cooled at the extruder exit and then broken into chips sized pieces.
Finally, these pieces are pulverized in a grinder or a mill to obtain the powder [1,3,11].
Before the material is coated with powder coating, the surfaces are cleaned with mechanical or
chemical techniques. Afterwards, powder coating is sprayed onto these surfaces using a spray gun. Powder
coating is charged in spray guns using two different methods of “tribo” or “corona” charging. In both methods
the material that would be coated is grounded. In corona technique, powder coating is negatively charged with
electron donation while passing through the gun, while powder loses electrons due to friction while it passes
through the gun due to the propertied of the gun becoming positively charged in tribo method. In tribo method,
grounded material obtains the electrons from the ground towards the powder particles and is charged negatively.
In corona, due to grounding the electrons flow towards the ground and the material that needs to be coated is
charged positively. In both cases, an electrostatic gravitation occurs between the powder particles and the
material to be coated enables the adsorption of powder coating particles to the material surface [1,9]. Later on
the material were cured under certain temperatures and durations based on the properties of the electrostatic
powder coating used. Usually firing temperatures vary between 130 and 240o
C for thermosetting powder
coating, while the materials are cured under higher temperatures, between 300 and 400o
C for thermoplastic
powder coating [6,7,10-13].
2. Analysis of the Change in Curing Temperatures as a Result of Hydrolysis of …
www.ijesi.org 28 | Page
Since energy costs would increase as a result of the higher firing temperatures, industries prefer
thermosetting powder coating, which requires lower firing temperatures, and 90% of total paint production in
the industry is thermosetting powder coating. Firing duration which varies between 5 to 30 minutes is important
as well as the firing temperature for powder coating. With the appropriate firing temperature and duration a film
coating of the desired thickness, resistant to corrosion is obtained on the material surface that does not contain
any solvent [14,23].
During spraying, powder particles that were not charged could not adhere to the material and hence fall
to the ground. Thus, one third of powder coating used in small and mid-size businesses during each process is
lost. It is possible to reuse these losses but only with low productivity and the loss amount increases on the
second run, reaching over 50%. Losses are reduced to 5% in mass production units using conveyor systems
[1,3].
Thermal properties of electrostatic powder coating residue and hydrolyzed version of these residues
that have over 2 million tons of production potential throughout the world per year were scrutinized in the
present study and the variations on these thermal properties as a result of hydrolysis were identified. Instead of
reusing the powder coating residue as coating material under high temperatures, the study aims to peruse these
materials using different production techniques such as extrusion, injection molding and hot pressing.
II. EXPERIMENTAL
Material used in the study is detailed in Table 1. As could be observed in the table, two different
electrostatic thermosetting powder coating residues and the products obtained via the hydrolysis* of these
residues were used in the analyses.
Table I: Thermosetting powder coating residue used in the analyses and the systems they belong to
Residue Material Resin Hardener System Color
Hybrid System
(EP-SP and EP)
Polyester/Epoxy Epoxy Termosetting Black
Polyester-Polyurethane
(SP-PUR)
Polyester Isocyanatadduct Termosetting White
The first kind of powder coating depicted in Table 1 is the compound of two similar powder coating
systems of a hybrid system of carboxyl group bound polyester and epoxy hardener (EP – SP) and a dark colored
structure with epoxy resin and hardener (EP). The second type of powder coating was a white powder coating
with a hydroxyl group bound polyester resin and polyurethane (SP – PUR) based isocyanate duct hardener.
2.1 THERMAL ANALYSES
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analyses were conducted for two different electrostatic
thermosetting powder coating residues given in Table 1 before and after hydrolysis. Furthermore, curing
temperatures of residues were determined using Kofler hot bench and their adhesion properties to metal surfaces
were rapidly and simply identified. The reactions given by the hydrolyzed and non-hydrolyzed residues based
on the increase in temperature were observed and interpreted using the results obtained via the above mentioned
processes.
2.1.1 DSC ANALYSES
DSC analysis for the residue mentioned in Table 1 and their hydrolyzed forms were conducted using
Mettler Toledo DSC 822 equipment in Berlin Technical University Polymer Institute laboratories. For these
analyses, 5 - 10 mg samples were prepared. Later on, these samples were heated from 20o
C to 240o
C with a
10o
C /min increment, and then cooled with the same increment rate (10o
C /min). Samples were heated and
cooled twice consequently for each analysis [1,4,15-21].
2.1.2 KOFLER HIT BENCH
The residues referenced in Table 1 and their hydrolyzed forms were analyzed by heating with the
Kofler hot bench shown in Figure 1. Thus, the temperatures that the material started to form a film coating on
metal surfaces after melting were identified.
3. Analysis of the Change in Curing Temperatures as a Result of Hydrolysis of …
www.ijesi.org 29 | Page
Figure 1: Kofler hot bench
20 mg samples were weighed and flattened on aluminum foils. Later on these foils were placed on the
hot bench shown in Figure 1, with a heating internals of 50 to 260oC, and heated for 10 minutes. Following the
heating process, the samples were taken from the hot bench and left for cooling for a few minutes. Thus, the
variations of the temperatures required for adhesion of the residues on metal surfaces with hydrolysis were
determined.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 DSC RESULTS
The residues referenced in Table 1 were heated from 20 to 240oC with a speed up rate of 10K per
minute and cooled with the same rate. This process was repeated twice for each sample and the results are
presented in the graphs below.
Figure 2: DSC result for thermosetting structured mixed (polyester/epoxy and epoxy) powder coating residue
Figure 2 shows the DSC analysis result for polyester/epoxy and epoxy system mixture powder coating
residue graphically. The variance line depicted with red shows the reaction that the sample gave to the
temperature increase during the initial heating. Based on this variance, powder coating residue absorbs heat
from the medium between 53 and 84o
C, creating an endothermic region. The peak point for this endothermic
change was identified as 66o
C. It could be argued that powder coating commenced to harden over 100o
C as a
result of temperature increase and an exothermic curve was formed between 100 and 200o
C. The green line just
over the red line depicts the variance occurred during the second heating.
4. Analysis of the Change in Curing Temperatures as a Result of Hydrolysis of …
www.ijesi.org 30 | Page
Since the powder coating was in thermosetting disposition and had hardened in the exothermic region
during the initial heating, it did not respond to the second heating and no changes were observed in its structure.
The blue and purple lines towards the bottom of the graph show the cooling that was implemented after each
heating process. Similarly, since the material was hardened at the end of the first heating, there were no
variation during both cooling processes, only glass transition temperatures were observed.
Figure 3: DSC result for thermosetting polyester/polyurethane (p-pur) powder coating residue
The graph that shows the DSC results for thermosetting polyester/polyurethane system electrostatic
powder coating residue is presented in Figure 3. It was observed that an endothermic region was formed
between 50 and 78o
C as a result of the first heating shown with a red line and an endothermic peak point was
formed at 61o
C.
Furthermore, it could be observed that the material was hardened approximately between 120 and
180o
C with absorbing heat from the medium. Since this powder coating was also in thermosetting disposition
and due to the hardener in its composition, it was hardened at the end of the first heating and did not react to the
second. Second heating and crystallization curves showed that the glass transition temperature for the material
was between 55 and 60o
C.
Figure 4: DSC result for hydrolyzed mixed (polyester/epoxy and epoxy) powder coating residue
5. Analysis of the Change in Curing Temperatures as a Result of Hydrolysis of …
www.ijesi.org 31 | Page
As a result of the initial heating, depicted with a red line in Figure 4, an endothermic region was
formed between 57 and 126o
C. It was observed that the temperature range of this region was larger that the one
in Figure 2 and peaked at two points. The first peak point was at approximately 70o
C and it was a result of the
reaction that powder coating gave to the temperature increase. The second peak was due to 1-butanol alcohol,
which has a boiling point of approximately 118o
C, and used in the hydrolysis of the powder coating.
Furthermore, it could be observed that hardening occurred approximately between 140 and 220o
C, and the
exothermic region was formed along the same line. While non-hydrolyzed powder coating did not react to the
second heating, an exothermic region was formed as a result of the second heating depicted by the green line in
Figure 4 between 65 and 129o
C, and a peak was formed at 76o
C. It is possible to state that the structure of the
powder coating deteriorated as a result of hydrolysis due to water and alcohol and there was still alcohol in its
content with the endotherm region formed at the end of the second heating.
Figure 5: DSC result for hydrolyzed polyester/polyurethane (p-pur) powder coating residue
DSC results for hydrolyzed polyester/polyurethane system powder coating residue are presented in
Figure 5. Based on the variance at the end of the initial heating, an endothermic region was observed between 52
and 100oC. Following the endothermic region, an exothermic line was observed where the material released
heat to the medium and hardened. Related powder coating also extracted heat from the medium during the
second heating due to the effects of hydrolysis and an endothermic region was formed.
3.2 KOFLER HOT BENCH
Hot bench results for two different electrostatic thermosetting powder coating residues given in Table 1
before and after hydrolysis are presented in the figures below.
Figure 6: Hot bench results for powder coating residue consisted of polyester/epoxy and epoxy systems (1) before and (2) after
hydrolysis.
6. Analysis of the Change in Curing Temperatures as a Result of Hydrolysis of …
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The figure above depicts hot bench results for mixed black colored electrostatic powder coating
residue. The top figure shows results for non-hydrolyzed sample, while the figure below shows the values for
the sample obtained via hydrolysis with 20:1 water alcohol mixture. Both samples were cleaned from the
aluminum foil using apparatus after heating and cooling processes to determine their properties of adhesion to
surface as a result of the heat effect. Non-hydrolyzed powder coating residues shown at the top in Figure 6 were
completely cleaned from the surface of aluminum foil between 70 and 130o
C, however stuck on the foil surface
over 130o
C creating a film coating on the surface. However, hydrolyzed samples shown in the bottom of the
same figure were cleaned from the aluminum foil surface easily until 190o
C. Thus, adhesion temperature was
postponed for 60o
C.
Figure 7: Hot bench results for polyester/polyurethane (p-pur) powder coating residue (1) before and (2) after hydrolysis
Hot bench results for thermosetting polyurethane system powder coating residue are presented in the
figure above. Residues were heated for 10 minutes with Kofler hot bench and left for cooling for a few minutes.
Non-hydrolyzed powder coating residue shown at the top graph in Figure 7 was cleaned off the surface of the
aluminum foil until 130o
C. Similarly, the hydrolyzed residue shown at the bottom was cleaned off the surface of
the aluminum foil until 160o
C. Thus, the temperature that polyester/polyurethane system powder coating
residues start to form a film coating by adhering to the metal surfaces was postponed for 30o
C. Furthermore, it
was observed that a transitional region was formed between 160 and 180o
C, and the material preserved its
granular structure until approximately 180o
C. After that temperature, it was observed that it completely melted
and covered the surface.
In other words, residues became workable under higher temperatures without any adhesion to metal
surfaces. This was a significant step towards the recycling of residues using different techniques.
IV. CONCLUSION
Study results could be summarized as follows:
(1) It was determined as a result of DSC findings that thermal properties of two electrostatic powder
coating system residues were altered via the hydrolysis process. Non-hydrolyzed powder coating
residues only reacted to the first heating and demonstrated variance as a result of the second heating.
DSC results obtained for the same residue after hydrolysis demonstrated that they reacted to both
heating processes due to their alcohol content and the endothermic region created during the first
heating covered a wider temperature range. Similarly, the residues extracted heat from the medium
during the second heating due to the alcohol content resulting in endothermic regions.
(2) Hot bench results also showed that hydrolysis of powder coating residues changed their structure.
Powder coating residues that adhered to metal surfaces at lower temperatures before hydrolysis became
workable at higher temperatures after hydrolysis and the adhesion to surface temperatures was deferred
for 30 – 60o
C.
As per these results, it was demonstrated that polyester/epoxy and epoxy system electrostatic
thermosetting powder coating residues could be worked with until 190o
C with hydrolysis, and polyurethane
residues could be worked with until 160o
C in thermal process machines (extruder, plastic injection, hot pressing,
etc.) readily.
V. Acknowledgements
This study was supported by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (Project
Number: 213M461). The authors are gratefully for this financial support.
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