Presentation given at ePIC 2017 (Bologna, Italy) - Alternative Credentials - Credentialing Alternatives. http://www.epforum.eu/

1. Analysis of proposed expansion of TESOL Arabia’s open
badge system from simple recognition of participation at
face-to-face events …. to …. online evidence-based
recognition of activities and artefacts that demonstrate
application of professional practice
Back Channel
https://todaysmeet.com/ePIC_2017
1

2. Analysis of proposed expansion of TESOL Arabia’s open
badge system from simple recognition of participation at
face-to-face events …. to …. online evidence-based
recognition of activities and artefacts that demonstrate
application of professional practice
2
Presented 28 October 2017
at ePIC 2017 - Alternative Credentials - Credentialing Alternatives
Bologna, Italy
by James Buckingham

3. Context
Current Important Developments
Proposed Response
Analysis of Proposed Badge System
Proposed use of Design Thinking
Discoveries / Challenges
3

4. ● My daughter’s graduation
● Article in Campus News (2013)
● MOOC
● SLANZA
● TESOL Arabia (2014)
4

5. How I came in contact with badges
● My daughter’s graduation
○ discovered opaqueness of diploma
● Article in Campus News (2013)
○ learned about a MOOC on badges
● MOOC
○ attended MOOC “Badges as New Currency for
Professional Credentials”
● SLANZA
○ saw badges being used by an association
● TESOL Arabia (2014)
○ saw opportunity to apply badges 5

6. How I came in contact with badges
● see badges being used by SLANZA
6

7. Context
TESOL Arabia
● only NPO promoting PD for EFL educators in
the Arab Gulf / MENA
● 25+ year serving K- 18 EFL educators
○ including affiliates in Sudan, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, India
● Membership of 1500
○ surprisingly stable number
● volunteer run
● executive council
○ all volunteers elected by members (must be based in UAE)
7

8. 8

9. Context
TESOL Arabia
● Financially stable
○ funding through membership / annual conference fees)
● Year round programming
○ primarily designed to serve needs of educators in the UAE
○ occasionally members from other parts of the region attend
● in a region where data plans are ubiquitous
○ 80% of conference registrations - online (20% on site)
○ Evidence of a reduction in global tech disparity (McIntyre, 2014)
9

10. TESOL Arabia
The goal of TESOL Arabia is to establish a
network of communication among
professionals who use English as a medium of
instruction, in order to promote and maintain
the excellence of their teaching and
administration.
TESOL Arabia - mission statement (n.d.)
Context
10

11. Context
TESOL Arabia Badges
● Introduced in 2014 (Credly account)
○ an alternative to (but not replacement for) paper certificates
○ love affair with certifications in Gulf
● Currently participation focused
○ recognize / promote participation by membership in f2f events as
■ Presenter
■ Event organizer
■ Event Volunteer
■ Participant (face to face)
11
TESOL Arabia - Credly
account (2017)

12. Context
TESOL Arabia Badges
● 4000+ badges awarded / 900+ accepted
○ since 2014
○ most presented as a result of annual conference
● designed / managed / administered by one
person
12
TESOL Arabia - Credly account (2017)

13. Context
TESOL Arabia Badges
● summary
○ NPO serving K - 18 EFL educators in the
Arab Gulf / MENA region
○ Badge program since 2014 (Credly)
■ Participation based
13
TESOL Arabia - Credly
account (2017)

14. Important Current Developments
TESOL Arabia
● Many but focus is on the following two
○ TESOL Arabia membership
○ TESOL Arabia sponsorship
14

15. Important Current Developments
TESOL Arabia - membership
TA membership profile - changing
● Past
○ dominated by UAE membership
■ mostly elementary / secondary educators
■ tertiary much smaller
● Current
○ UAE membership not dominant
■ elementary / secondary DECLINING
■ tertiary steady
○ Other countries in MENA
■ membership growing in all sectors (primary, secondary, tertiary)
15

16. Important Current Developments
TESOL Arabia - membership
TA membership profile - changing
● Attraction?
○ Only EFL conf. / job fair in MENA region
○ demographics
■ youth % of MENA population
● 60% of population <25 yrs (youth policy, 2014)
● 28% between 15 - 29 yrs (youth policy, 2014 )
● high youth unemployment 30% (D’Cunha, 2017)
■ reduce gov’t job entitlements
■ gov’ts promote entrepreneurship (demand for English)
= demand for educators
16

17. Important Current Developments
TESOL Arabia - sponsorship
TA conference sponsorship - threatened
● Past
○ Long term support
■ ADEC (Abu Dhabi)
● Abu Dhabi Education Council
■ KHDA (Dubai)
● Knowledge and Human Development Authority
○ Promote & sponsor educator participation
○ No direct involvement from MoE (UAE)
17

18. Important Current Developments
TESOL Arabia - sponsorship
TA conference sponsorship - threatened
● Current
○ MoE amalgamating ADEC / KHDA
■ improving efficiency
■ driving down costs (stable to declining birth rates in
UAE local pop)
18

19. Important Current Developments
TESOL Arabia - sponsorship
Current trends in Education for the region
● Past - focus on access to education
■ build schools, employ teachers
■ High or no age limits on educators
● Current - focus on outputs/graduates of
system
■ Introduction of quality review / control systems in education
(McKinsey, 2007)
■ Accreditation
■ value / quality
19

20. Important Current Developments
TESOL Arabia - sponsorship
Current trends in Education for the region
● Current - drive to improve quality of instruction
○ (UAE - leads the region by example)
○ Increased funding for PD
○ New policies
■ age limits - 60 (UAE) to 65 (Oman)
■ alignment of degrees w/ teaching subject domain
■ Learning Outcomes / accreditation (Barber, 2007), (Haddad, 2014)
20

21. Important Current Developments
TESOL Arabia - sponsorship
Current trends in Education for the region
● Past - PD through TESOL Arabia was funded
by Ministry sponsorship
● Current - Ministries directing more funding for
internal PD - primary / secondary level
21

22. Important Current Developments
TESOL Arabia
● summary
● membership profile is changing rapidly
● conference sponsorship from MoE threatened
○ Some has disappeared (ADEC)
○ Some maintained (KHDA)
● Merger of ADEC and KHDA w/ MoE (UAE) -
poses funding threat
○ (WAM, 2017)
○ focus on improving the quality of instruction through PD
22

23. Proposed Response
TESOL Arabia
TA - response to change in membership profile?
● within UAE = decline
○ especially elementary / secondary level
● outside the UAE = growth
23

24. TESOL Arabia
TA - response to change in membership profile?
● need to offer more value for membership
outside the UAE beyond….
■ access to conference
■ bi annual refereed journal
24
Proposed Response

25. TESOL Arabia
TA - response to change in sponsorship?
● review the MoE needs / expectations for PD
○ use current UAE example to anticipate broader general implementation in
the region
● explore moving to evidence based,
competency based PD delivery model
○ aligned with MoE policy push to promote higher quality PD
25
Proposed Response

26. TESOL Arabia
TA - response to change
● change TESOL Arabia programming
○ extend current f2f programming so it is
available online to all members
■ Live streaming of events
○ develop online PD opportunities
■ PD tutorials
26
Proposed Response

27. TESOL Arabia Badges
change in the role of TA open badges
● Current
○ participatory
● New direction
○ “evidence” based
○ Goal
■ Promote / recognize membership
engagement in application of
professional practice
27
Proposed Response

28. Proposed Response
TESOL Arabia Badges
change in the role of TA open badges
● New direction
○ use badge constellation / to scaffold this
● Discover
● Design
● Implement
● Reflect
● Share
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 28

29. Proposed Response
TESOL Arabia Badges
change in the role of TA open badges
● New direction
○ simplified further (?)
● Learn
● Do
● Share
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 29

30. Proposed Response
TESOL Arabia Badges
change in the role of TA open badges
● New direction
○ guide people in
■ how to realize basic professional practice (supported
by tutorials) using PPF
■ how to document their application of a “new” practice
■ how to share their PD efforts with others (McIntyre, 2014)
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 30

31. Proposed Response
TESOL Arabia Badges
change in the role of TA open badges
● New direction
○ recognize their engagement in professional
practice through badges
■ make this learning visible and credible (Grant, 2014, p 11)
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 31

32. Proposed Response
TESOL Arabia Badges
change in the role of TA open badges
● New direction - Chart
○ Badge criteria
○ cannot be competency / standards based
● sustainability issues (what standards? training on
assessing this work based on standards to be
done by who & when?
○ can be compliance based (PPF)
● pragmatic decision (volunteers)
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 32

33. Proposed Response
TESOL Arabia Badges
● summary
● role of TA open badges changing in response
● Promote / recognize membership
engagement in application of professional
practice using a PPF
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 33

34. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
● Analyse proposed badge system
○ Q - how to increase the likelihood of the
proposed project succeeding .. looking for
what to compare and how to compare
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 34

35. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
● Analyse proposed badge system
○ based on readings;
■ four key articles stand out
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 35

36. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
● Analyse proposed badge system
○ based on readings;
■ four key articles stand out
The “practical wisdom” found in the list
of 44 “badges work better” observations
resulting from study of 30 badge design
programs
○ Hickey and Willis (2017)
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 36
1

37. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
● Analyse proposed badge system
○ based on readings;
■ four key articles stand out
The exploration of how badges make
transparent learning that has taken
place and how badges realize credibility
○ Grant (2014)
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 37
2

38. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
● Analyse proposed badge system
○ based on readings;
■ four key articles stand out
The case for why badges need to be
carefully aligned with the organization’s
values and thus its goals / purpose
○ Davidson (2014)
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 38
3

39. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
● Analyse proposed badge system
○ based on readings;
■ four key articles stand out
Focus on how to build credibility for
badge systems
○ Casseli (2012)
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 39
4

40. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Create & articulate value & credibility of
badges
● Identifying the value to learners
○ “engaging in professional practice”;
○ scaffolding it via PP framework and
badge constellation
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 40

41. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Create & articulate value & credibility of
badges
● The badge design aims to “cultivate expert
identity” (Hickey and Willis, 2017, p 64)
○ Promote engagement in discourse of
subject domain w/ community of peers
(through review & approval of peers)
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 41

42. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Create & articulate value & credibility of
badges
● Engage in professional practice (supported
by scaffolding - online tutorials)
○ many members do not currently know how (never
learned), nor have been directly encouraged to
engage in such practices .. thus the need for the
tutorials working in tandem to support earning of the
badge
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 42

43. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Create & articulate value & credibility of
badges
● Q - how to communicate this value to
learners?
○ Theme came up repeatedly
● A - Educate
○ articulate the basic concept of badges
○ address credibility vs authority question
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 43

44. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Create & articulate value & credibility of
badges
● Q - how to communicate this value to
learners?
○ Theme came up repeatedly
● A - Educate
○ be trusted and believed (credibility) vs
○ be told to believe (authority) (Grant, 2014, p 11)
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 44

45. TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Create & articulate value & credibility of
badges
● Value triangle
○ (Sprout Fund, 2017.)
Analysis of Proposed Badge System
45

46. TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Create & articulate value & credibility of
badges
Analysis of Proposed Badge System
46
aligned with mission
(promotes PD, invites
application of
professional practice)
recognizes my self directed PD .. evidence based,
makes more transparent what has been learned as
an educator through one’s experience in the Gulf
promotes, recognizes
Professional practice in
educators = raises the
quality of instruction /
promote a culture of
learning

47. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Create & articulate value & credibility of
badges
● Make apparent new opportunities for
learner that earning badges make possible
(Hickey and Willis, 2017, p 55)
○ Connect with peers with similar interests
○ Publish in our refereed journal
○ Be nominated for attendance / presentation at Annual
conference
○ Model engagement in prof practice to superiors
(new culture in work environment?)
47

48. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Create & articulate value & credibility of
badges
● Have badges endorsed by multiple
stakeholders (Hickey and Willis, 2017, p 55) (Grant, 2014, p. 30)
○ Seek endorsement as a signal of trust .. increase
credibility
■ Target? Ministries of Education (Gulf region),
TESOL International (USA)
■ Difficult to get … especially from institutions that
thrive on control / authority a history of partnering
exists 48

49. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Create & articulate value & credibility of
badges
● Have badges endorsed by multiple
stakeholders (Hickey and Willis, 2017, p 55) (Grant, 2014, p. 30)
○ Increase credibility through endorsements by
community of peers (Hickey and Willis, 2017, p 69)
● Currently have none
○ Potential to solicit these from members
49
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF)

50. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
● summary
Key - Create & articulate value & credibility of
badges
● Identifying the value to learners
● Have badges endorsed by multiple stakeholders
● Make apparent new opportunities for learner that earning
badges make possible
● Have badges endorsed by multiple stakeholders
50
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF)

51. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Understand motivation to learn & earn
○ Design of credible programming & badges
aligned with Association’s mission (Grant, 2014)
■ Need to be clear about how design of instruction and
assessment practices motivate / demotivate learners
(Hickey & Willis, 2017, p 19)
● Detailed review of programming & badges so that
they are seen as aligned with TESOL Arabia’s
mission
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 51

52. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Understand motivation to learn & earn
○ Design of credible programming & badges
aligned with Association’s mission (Grant)
The goal of TESOL Arabia is to establish a network of
communication among professionals who use English as a
medium of instruction, in order to promote and maintain the
excellence of their teaching and administration.
52
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF)

53. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
● summary
Key - Understand motivation to learn & earn
○ Design of credible programming & badges
aligned with Association’s mission (Grant)
The goal of TESOL Arabia is to establish a network of
communication among professionals who use English as a
medium of instruction, in order to promote and maintain the
excellence of their teaching and administration.
53
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF)

54. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Appropriate application of learning theory
to promote learning through badges
○ Q - Is it clear how the badge design (criteria)
+ online tutorials reflect learning theory; are
they aligned / compatible with one
another?
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 54

55. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Appropriate application of learning theory
to promote learning through badges
○ In other words - “what are we really trying to
learn here .. and do badges support or
hinder that?”
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 55

56. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Appropriate application of learning theory
to promote learning through badges
○ Our badge design
■ Tutorials to support this are a hybrid
○ Associative +++
○ Constructivist ++
○ Sociocultural? (long term)
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 56

57. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Appropriate application of learning theory
to promote learning through badges
○ Our badge design
■ Tutorials to support this are a hybrid
○ Associative +++
■ Guided through a process to realizing an
individualized product
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 57

58. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Appropriate application of learning theory
to promote learning through badges
○ Our badge design
■ Tutorials to support this are a hybrid
○ Constructivist +
■ Completion of a personal project rather
than demonstration of standards based
specific skills or competencies
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 58

59. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Appropriate application of learning theory
to promote learning through badges
○ Our badge design
■ Tutorials to support this are a hybrid
○ Sociocultural? (long term)
■ Engage in discourse of subject; by sharing
findings with others for critical review
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 59

60. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Appropriate application of learning theory
to promote learning through badges
○ Our badge design
■ Helps learners discover opportunities to
learn (Hickey & WIllis, 2017)
■ recognizes learning that is typically NOT
recognized (Grant, 2014, p 19)
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 60

61. Analysis of Proposed Badge System
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Appropriate application of learning theory
to promote learning through badges
○ Our badge design
■ Helps learners discover opportunities to
learn (Hickey & WIllis, 2017)
■ recognizes learning that is typically NOT
recognized (Grant, 2014, p 19)
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 61

62. Proposed Use of Design Thinking
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Understanding that value is built with trust
/ credibility
○ Credibility vs authority
■ being trusted & believed (credibility) vs
being told to believe (authority)
(Grant, 2014, p 11)
● mapping badges to what our community finds
valuable (Grant, 2014, p. 42)
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 62

63. Proposed Use of Design Thinking
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Understanding that value is built with trust
/ credibility
○ start with design of the badge (Grant, 2014, p 10)
■ with potential earners / users in the community who
will benefit from badge (Grant, 2014, p 10)
■ identifying and mapping potential pathways with their
help (Hickey & Willis, 2017)
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 63

64. Proposed Use of Design Thinking
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Understanding that value is built with trust
/ credibility
● Design approaches
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 64
Conventional ADDIE model
● focus is on tasks for the
designer to complete
Design Thinking model
● focus is more on the end
user to design / drive
decision making (Reich,
2017)

65. Proposed Use of Design Thinking
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Understanding that value is built with trust
/ credibility
● Design approaches
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 65
Conventional ADDIE model
● analyze
● design
● develop
● implement
● evaluate
Design Thinking model
● empathise
● define the problem / challenge
● Ideate
● prototype
● test

66. Proposed Use of Design Thinking
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Understanding that value is built with trust
/ credibility
● Design Thinking
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 66
Inviting input at earlier / earliest stages of the design
process
● To "home grow" or incubate solutions .. rather apply
what works elsewhere

67. Proposed Use of Design Thinking
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Understanding that value is built with trust
/ credibility
● Design Thinking Process
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 67
Empathize
● Reaching out to a sampling of end users .. share project proposal
● Invite their thoughts / concerns / feelings about the proposal
● invite their context
● Look for patterns / consensus on what they wish for
● Ground the work (on tutorials / badges) in our context

68. Proposed Use of Design Thinking
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Understanding that value is built with trust
/ credibility
● Design Thinking Process
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 68
Define the problem / challenge
● Invite their thoughts / concerns / feelings about the problem / challenge
● invite their context
● Look for patterns / consensus on what they wish for
● Ground the work (on tutorials / badges) in our context

69. Proposed Use of Design Thinking
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Understanding that value is built with trust
/ credibility
● Design Thinking Process
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 69
Ideate
● Invite end users input / suggestions on ideas for tutorials / badges.. how they see
such a strategy working or not working

70. Proposed Use of Design Thinking
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Understanding that value is built with trust
/ credibility
● Design Thinking Process
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 70
Prototype
● Design with their input in mind
● Go back to end users to get their input on the new design

71. Proposed Use of Design Thinking
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Understanding that value is built with trust
/ credibility
● Design Thinking Process
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 71
Test
● Test it on a small scale

72. Proposed Use of Design Thinking
TESOL Arabia Badges
Key - Understanding that value is built with trust
/ credibility
● but ...building trust / credibility is also a process
(Casselli, 2014)
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 72
presumed to surface reputed earned
Organization?
therefore
we must deliver!
1st hand
experience
Do we deliver?
3rd party
endorsements
Do others recognize
use for delivering?
Reinforced 1st
hand experience
delivered over time

73. Proposed Use of Design Thinking
TESOL Arabia Badges
● summary
● value is built with trust / credibility
○ Begins with design of the badge (Grant 10)
■ use Design Thinking Process to invite
membership involvement / ownership
○ but ...building trust / credibility is also a
process
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 73

74. Discoveries / Challenges
TESOL Arabia Badges
Discoveries
The need to ..
○ audit the design of badge systems
■ detailed / critical review of them
● findings of others to guide efforts
○ know the value of our badges
● articulate that value
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 74

75. Discoveries / Challenges
TESOL Arabia Badges
Discoveries
The need to ..
○ ensure alignment of badges with
association’s mission
● “Tell the same story in the other things you
do”
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 75

76. Discoveries / Challenges
TESOL Arabia Badges
Discoveries
The need to ..
○ market badge value to end users ..
constantly
■ an innovation still not properly understood
● “Get the story out .. often” from Cooper Hewitt
(Grant, 2014, p 18)
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 76

77. Discoveries / Challenges
TESOL Arabia Badges
Discoveries
Research gap
○ studies on how associations implement
& successfully sustain badge programs
● STANZA badge collapse in 2014 (Smith, 2017)
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 77

78. TESOL Arabia Badges
Challenges
Sustainability
○ maintain project direction / vision in the
face of volunteer turnover / varying
commitment
Discoveries / Challenges
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 78

79. TESOL Arabia Badges
Challenges
Follow up
○ review motivation theory & badges
○ review attainment / continuity of long term
projects in Associations dependent on
volunteer involvement to realize them
Discoveries / Challenges
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 79

80. TESOL Arabia Badges
Challenges
Follow up
○ review how associations similar to ours have
earned endorsements from “officially”
recognized institutions
Discoveries / Challenges
Goal - Promote / recognize membership engagement in
application of professional practice using a PP framework (PPF) 80

81. References
Barber, M., Mourshed, M., & Whelan, F. (2007). Improving Education in the Gulf. McKinsey Quarterly:
Reappraising the Gulf States. Retrieved from
https://abujoori.files.wordpress.com/2007/04/improve-gulf-education.pdf
Bolkan, B. J., & 08/06/13. (n.d.). Non-Profit Launches MOOC on Digital Badges -. Retrieved October 11, 2017,
from https://campustechnology.com/articles/2013/08/06/non-profit-launches-mooc-on-digital-badges.aspx
Casilli, C. (2012, May 22). Badge System Design: what we talk about when we talk about validity. Retrieved June
10, 2017, from
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84

85. Thank you
James Buckingham
(MAODE, MA Adult Educ, TEFL)
Back Channel
https://todaysmeet.com/ePIC_2017
85