This slide is about the analysis of the Israel-Palestine conflict by the conflict tree model. Here are the root causes,core problems, and effects we have discussed shortly for the purpose of your peace and conflict journalism course in my hon's final semester:"). OK then...The Israel-Palestine conflict, analyzed through a conflict tree model, reveals deeply rooted root causes, core problems, and far-reaching effects. At its root lie historical disputes, primarily centered around land ownership and religious significance, leading to persistent disagreements over territories and holy sites. The 1947 partition plan further complicated matters, sparking ongoing disputes over boundaries and ownership. These issues give rise to immediate triggers such as territorial disputes in the Gaza Strip and West Bank, exacerbated by the contentious issue of settlements and concerns over borders and security. These triggers fuel tensions between the political entities involved—Israel, asserting security concerns and historical claims; the Palestinian Authority, advocating for statehood and independence; and Hamas, seeking liberation through resistance in Gaza. The consequences are dire, manifesting in a humanitarian crisis with widespread displacement, civilian casualties, and allegations of human rights violations on both sides. Obstacles to resolution are deeply entrenched, stemming from a lack of trust, complexity in addressing overlapping religious and territorial claims, and resistance from militant groups. Yet, potential solutions persist, including a two-state framework, negotiations mediated by impartial entities, and a focus on core issues like territorial disputes and security concerns. The future scenarios present a stark contrast between continued conflict and the possibility of a lasting, peaceful resolution, emphasizing the need for comprehensive and sensitive approaches to resolve this deeply entrenched and complex conflict.

1. Analysis of Israel-
Palestine conflict by
conflict tree model

2. Type of Conflict (Israel-Palestine)
The Israel-Palestine conflict is
primarily a long-standing
territorial and political conflict
rooted in competing national
aspirations for the same land
Birth of major nationalist movements
Fight for their sovereignty

3. Conflict Tree Model
The conflict tree is a visualizing and
sort- ing tool.
It is a visual representation of the
causes, effects, and core issues of a
conflict situation

5. Root Causes Core Problems Effects
Historical Background Territory and Borders Humanitarian Crisis
Territorial Disputes Status of Jerusalem Loss of Life and Suffering
Refugee Issue Security Concerns Displacement and Refugees
Occupation and Settlements Israeli Settlements Economic Impact
Religious and Cultural Significance Blockade of Gaza Political Instability
Political Factors Access to Water Resources Regional-International Diplomacy
Security Concerns Religious and Cultural Radicalization and Extremism
International Involvement Diplomacy and Mediation Impediment to Peace and Cooperation
Lack of Trust Strain on International Relations

6. Root causes of Israel-Palestine Conflict
Historical Background (Late 19th and Early 20th Century):
The Zionist movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries aimed to
establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine, leading to increased Jewish
immigration and tensions with the Arab population.
Territorial Disputes (1947-1948):
Refugee Issue (1948 and ongoing)
The conflict's territorial dimension stems from competing claims to key
territories, including Jerusalem, the West Bank, and Gaza Strip. The 1947 UN
Partition Plan, rejected by Arab states, led to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
The 1948 war displacement of Palestinian Arabs, known as the Nakba, led to
the loss of homes and livelihoods, causing a deep emotional grievance and a
significant population of Palestinian refugees.
(Source: https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/jfrieden/files/frieden_israelpalestine_dec2015.pdf )

7. Occupation and Settlements (1967-Present):
Religious and Cultural Significance (Throughout History):
Refugee Issue (1948 and ongoing)
Israel's 1967 Six-Day War occupation of West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East
Jerusalem, considered illegal, has sparked ongoing conflict with Palestinians
over land, resources, and territory control.
Jerusalem's religious significance, particularly the Al-Aqsa Mosque
compound, has historically fueled tensions among Jews, Christians, and
Muslims, contributing to the ongoing conflict.
The 1948 Nakba war displacement of Palestinian Arabs resulted in the loss of
homes and livelihoods, causing deep emotional grievance and a significant
Palestinian refugee population.

8. Political Factors (Ongoing):
Security Concerns (Ongoing):
International Involvement (Ongoing):
The ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestinians, exacerbated by the
lack of a comprehensive peace agreement, political disputes, and divisions
between Palestinian factions, complicates peace negotiations.
Israel faces security concerns from Palestinian militant groups, leading to
measures like separation barriers, checkpoints, and military operations.
However, these measures have caused conflict and increased distrust.
International actors, including the US, EU, and Arab nations, have
significantly influenced the conflict through diplomatic efforts, arms sales,
and financial support, impacting power dynamics and peace initiatives.

9. Lack of Trust (Ongoing):
Mistrust between Israelis and Palestinians hinders peace efforts, with
violence, terrorism, and reprisals reinforcing this distrust. Building trust is
crucial for negotiations and conflict resolution.
(source: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/24/root-causes-of-israel-
palestine-conflict-must-be-addressed-unrwa)
These are the root causes from the begining of Israel-palestine conflict

10. Core Problems of Israel-Palestine Conflict
Territory and Borders
Status of Jerusalem
Palestinian Refugees
The conflict centers on territorial disputes over Jerusalem, the West Bank, and the
Gaza Strip, with Israelis and Palestinians claiming rights. Determining borders for a
future Palestinian state is a fundamental challenge, with land ownership, Israeli
settlements, and Palestinian territories being key points.
(Source:https://reliefweb.int/report/israel/core-issues-israeli-palestinian-conflict)
The Jerusalem dispute, involving the control over religious sites like the Al-
Aqsa Mosque, is a significant religious issue for Jews, Christians, and
Muslims.
The 1948 Arab-Israeli War led to the displacement of millions of Palestinian Arabs,
many of whom remain refugees in neighboring countries or Palestinian territories.
The right of return to ancestral homes remains a contentious issue with Israel.

11. Security Concerns
Israeli Settlements
Blockade of Gaza
Israel faces security threats from Palestinian militant groups, leading to military
operations and security measures. Palestinians living under Israeli occupation face
daily security challenges, including checkpoints, movement restrictions, and
confrontations with the Israeli military.
Israeli settlement expansion in West Bank, viewed as illegal under
international law, exacerbates territorial disputes between Palestinians and
Israelis, hindering the establishment of a viable Palestinian state.
The Gaza Strip blockade by Israel and Egypt has led to a humanitarian crisis, causing
economic hardship, limited movement, and inadequate access to basic necessities
for the Palestinian population.

12. Access to Water Resources
Religious and Cultural Significance
Diplomacy and Mediation
Water disputes between Israelis and Palestinians impact agricultural, industrial, and
domestic needs, causing conflict over control and access to vital resources like the
Jordan River and underground aquifers.
The conflict between Israelis and Palestinians is deeply rooted in their
religious and cultural identities, with narratives rooted in centuries-old
connections.
Despite numerous peace talks and international mediation, a comprehensive
resolution to the conflict remains elusive, leading to frustration, disappointment,
and distrust among the parties involved.
(Source:https://reliefweb.int/report/israel/core-issues-israeli-palestinian-conflict)

13. Effect and Consequences of Israel-Palestine Conflict
Humanitarian Crisis
Loss of Life and Suffering
Displacement and Refugees
Conflict, blockades, and economic hardship in Gaza have led to repeated
humanitarian crises, severely limiting access to basic necessities, healthcare, and
education for Palestinians.
The conflict has resulted in the loss of thousands of lives, including civilians
and children, causing immense suffering and trauma within the affected
communities.
The conflict has led to the displacement of millions of Palestinians, many of whom
continue to live in refugee camps across the Middle East.

14. Economic Impact
Political Instability
Regional and International Diplomacy
The conflict has impeded the region's economic growth, causing difficulties for
businesses and restricted movement of goods and people, leading to stagnation and
high unemployment rates.
The conflict in the Middle East has exacerbated political instability,
escalating tensions between Israel and neighboring Arab states, and
significantly influencing regional politics.
The Israel-Palestine conflict has been a significant international diplomatic issue for
decades, causing tensions between nations and organizations and often leading to
divisive discussions.

15. Radicalization and Extremism
Impediment to Peace and Cooperation
Strain on International Relations
The conflict has hindered the region's economic growth, causing challenges for
businesses and restricting the movement of goods and people, leading to stagnation
and high unemployment rates.
The ongoing conflict in the Middle East has impeded peace efforts, hindered
regional stability, and complicated diplomatic relations, posing significant
challenges for regional stability.
The conflict between the US and Arab countries has strained relations, while Israel
faces tensions with international actors, including the UN.

16. Conclusion
The Israel-Palestine conflict is a multifaceted issue with historical grievances,
territorial disputes, religious significance, and political, economic, and security
concerns. The Conflict Tree Model suggests addressing root causes through the
Two-State Solution and hybrid models, requiring courageous leadership,
compromise, and dialogue.