This study analyzes decoding plaintext data using enhanced Hamming code techniques to improve data security, ensuring efficiency and reliability. It outlines the importance of encoding data before transmission and the necessary decoding process to retrieve the original information. The findings of this research aim to contribute to the understanding of coding theory and its applications in data integrity.

1. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume 6 Issue 1, November-December 2021 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD47918 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2021 Page 912
Analysis of Decoding Plaintext Data:
Using Enhanced Hamming Code Techniques
Afolabi Godfrey PhD1
, Abba Almu PhD2
, Dogondaji. A. M. PhD3
1
Student, Mathematics Department, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
2
Senior Lecturer, Mathematics Department (Computer Unit), Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
3
Senior Lecturer, Mathematics Department, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
In the last decades, data (information) security has become an issue
of great concern to data (information) analyst (users). To enhance the
efficiency and reliability of data (information), such data
(information) must be encoded before been used, send or saved for
future use as the case maybe. However, such encoded data
(information) need to be decoded before it’s efficiency and reliability
can be ascertained whenever in use. It is against this background
therefore that this study on the analysis of decoding plaintext data:
using enhanced hamming code techniques.
KEYWORDS: ASCII, Data code, Decode, Decoded Plaintext Letter
and Parity key code
How to cite this paper: Afolabi Godfrey
| Abba Almu | Dogondaji. A. M.
"Analysis of Decoding Plaintext Data:
Using Enhanced Hamming Code
Techniques" Published in International
Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research
and Development
(ijtsrd), ISSN:
2456-6470,
Volume-6 | Issue-1,
December 2021,
pp.912-914, URL:
www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47918.pdf
Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and
International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development
Journal. This is an
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distributed under the
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Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
1. INTRODUCTION
In recent times, data (information) security has
become issue of great concern [1]. This necessitated
the need to encode data (information) to be used,
saved or sent as the case maybe [2]. Before the
efficiency and reliability of encoded data
(information) can be ascertained, it has to be decoded
[3]. It is on this basis therefore that this study on
analysis of decoding plaintext data: using enhanced
hamming code techniques was carried out. Decoding
involves the process and procedure of converting the
encoded data (information) back to it’s original form
[4]. This is basically for the receiver’s understanding,
effective and efficient use (application) of the data
(information) received [5]. The results from this study
shall in great measure contribute positively to the
general knowledge of coding theory.
2. DEFINITION OF ABBREVIATIONS AND
BASIC TERMS USED
Throughout this paper, the following abbreviations
and basic terms as used are defined accordingly as
follows:
A. ASCII: American Standard Code for Information
Interchange
B. DC (Data Code): Taking the hexadecimal
equivalence of the bit entries
C. DCM: Decimal
D. Decode: This involves the procedures and process
of getting back the original data (information)
from the encoded data (information).
E. DP: Data Position
F. DPTL: Decoded Plaintext Letter
G. Encode: This as the process which involves the
addition of parity (correction) bit to the
information being sent, stored or computed. This
is to enable the identification of error(s) when
they occur. Thus, encoding a bit sequence adds
redundant information to aid the intended receiver
in correcting symbol error(s). For example, to
encode the given data 10010011, a parity code
IJTSRD47918

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1100, calculated would be imputed in positions 1,
2, 4 and 8 respectively. Thus, the encoded data
would be 111000100011 [6].
H. EPTL: Encoded Plaintext Letter
I. Parity: A binary digit called parity is used to
indicate whether the number of bits with ‘1’ in a
given set of bits is even or odd, usually used to
detect transmission or computation error. The
parity bit is then imputed in the original data and
does allow for the restoration of an erroneous bit
when its position is detected.
J. Parity Key: Taking the reverse of the parity
entries.
K. PKC (Parity Key Code): Taking the hexadecimal
equivalence of the parity key entries
L. PTL: Plaintext Letter
3. METHOD / PROCEDURE
The Method and procedures involved in enhanced
hamming code techniques to decode plaintext data as
used in this study are as follows:
Step i: Divide the encoded (received) data
(information) into two blocks B1 and B2; such that,
the parity key code is in B1 while the data code is in
B2.
Step ii: Take and place the binary (4-digits for PKL
and 8-digits for DC) equivalences of entries in B1;
DP 2n
; n = 0, 1, 2 and 3 (that is positions 1, 2, 4 and
8 respectively) and B2 ; DP 3, 5, 6, 7, ,9, 10, 11 and
12 respectively.
Step iii: Take the decimal equivalence of the data
code (DC), that is, entries in DP 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11
and 12
Step iv: Take the ASCII character (alphabet / letter)
of the respective decimal equivalences of the data
code (DC).
Step v: Concatenate the ASCII character (alphabet /
letter) in each block to form the original plaintext sent
as encoded data (information), retrieved at the
receiver’s end.
4. PRESENTATION OF DECODING COMPUTATION AND RESULT OF THE ENCODED
PLAINTEXT,
“0D4B0D6E0E6F0977006C0A65096407670A65062006690C73062004500E6F09770A650F72”
The result of the computation of decoding the encoded plaintext
“0D4B0D6E0E6F0977006C0A65096407670A65062006690C73062004500E6F09770A650F72”, as an
example in this work is shown in TABLE 4.0.1 below:
Table 4.0.1 Results Obtained from Decoding Computation on encoded plaintext
“0D4B0D6E0E6F0977006C0A65096407670A65062006690C73062004500E6F09770A650F72”
EPTL PKC DC
DP
1
DP
2
DP
3
DP
4
DP
5
DP
6
DP
7
DP
8
DP
9
DP
10
DP
11
DP
12
ASCII
DCM
DPTL
0D4B 0D 4B 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 75 K
0D6E 0D 6E 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 11O n
0E6F 0E 6F 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 115 o
0977 09 77 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 119 w
006C 00 6C 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 108 l
0A65 0A 65 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 101 e
0964 09 64 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 100 d
0767 07 67 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 103 g
0A65 0A 65 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 101 e
0620 06 20 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 32
0669 06 69 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 105 i
0C73 0C 73 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 115 s
0620 06 20 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 32
0450 04 50 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 80 P
0E6F 0E 6F 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 111 o
0977 09 77 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 119 w
0A65 0A 65 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 101 e
0F72 0F 72 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 114 r
Source: Researcher’s Calculations
Therefore, the decoded (original) plaintext retrieved at the receiver’s end is “Knowledge is Power”.

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5. CONCLUSION
Since efficiency and reliability are the hallmark of
every data (information) analyst (user), therefore,
decoding the encoded data (information) is one very
important step in the right direction to achieving
these. Although the decoding procedure of enhanced
hamming code techniques was carried out on encoded
plaintext
“0D4B0D6E0E6F0977006C0A65096407670A65062
006690C73062004500E6F09770A650F72” in this
study, however, the results obtained is applicable to
plaintext data (information) in particular and coding
theory in general.
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