This document discusses the design of an ultra-low power analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for wireless sensor networks. It first describes the typical components of a wireless sensor node, including sensors, a microcontroller, a radio transceiver, and a power source. It then examines various ADC architectures, comparing successive approximation, sigma-delta, and pipelined ADCs. The document proposes that a careful analysis of architectural and circuit design techniques is needed to develop an ultra-low power ADC in order to maximize battery life for wireless sensor nodes and improve system survivability.
Design and implementation of advanced security system based on one time passwIAEME Publication
This document describes the design and implementation of an advanced security system based on one-time passwords for highly secure areas. The system uses multiple sensors including PIR, IR, vibration, and magnetic sensors to detect intrusions. When a sensor is triggered, the system requests a one-time password that is sent to authorized users' mobile phones. The system is aimed at providing security for places like defense establishments, nuclear plants, and other secure facilities by only allowing access to those who can provide the correct one-time password.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Low cost wireless sensor networks and smartphone applications for disaster ma...eSAT Publishing House
This document describes a low-cost wireless sensor network and smartphone application system for disaster management. The system uses an Arduino-based wireless sensor network comprising nodes with various sensors to monitor the environment. The sensor data is transmitted to a central gateway and then to the cloud for analysis. A smartphone app connected to the cloud can detect disasters from the sensor data and send real-time alerts to users to help with early evacuation. The system aims to provide low-cost localized disaster detection and warnings to improve safety.
Modern Street Lightening System with Intensity Control using GSMpaperpublications3
Abstract: As the LED's lumen efficiency increases rapidly in recent years, many new LED illumination applications are emerging. LEDs have features such as long-life, small and low power consumption. Therefore, they are used in various occasion such as full color large sized LED displays, traffic lights, and etc. In this paper, an energy efficient street lighting system is proposed. The presented system consists of a LED lamp module, which can be controlled from remote location. The proposed remote-control system can optimize intensity and efficiency of street lighting systems. It uses GSM based wireless devices which enable more efficient street lamp-system management, thanks to an advanced interface and control architecture. It uses a sensor combination to control and guarantee the desired system parameters; the information is transferred point by point using GSM Module and is sent to a control terminal used to check the status of the street lamps and to take appropriate measures in case of failure.A developed prototype system will be presented in this paper and experiments will be performed to verify the correctness of the proposed system. According to the experimental results, the lighting efficiency is 85 % and the conversion efficiency is 90 %.
Keywords: WSN (Wireless Sensor Network), GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), IR (Infrared) CEPT (Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs), IDEN (Integrated Digital Enhanced Network).
Title: Modern Street Lightening System with Intensity Control using GSM
Author: Kapil Aherkar, Pratik Dongrikar, Nikul Dengda, Sukrit Bhattacharya
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
IRJET- A Remotely Controlled Home Automation System for Energy SavingIRJET Journal
This document describes a remotely controlled home automation system using GSM technology. The system allows a homeowner to control appliances in their home like fans, lights and air conditioners via SMS messages from their mobile phone. A microcontroller is used to receive SMS messages through a GSM module and control the appliances using sensors like temperature, smoke and light sensors. The system aims to automate home appliances and enable remote control for energy savings purposes. Key components include a microcontroller, sensors, relays, GSM module and appliances like fans that can be turned on/off remotely using SMS commands from the homeowner's mobile phone from anywhere.
IRJET- Intelligent Lighting System using Arduino and PWMIRJET Journal
This document proposes an intelligent lighting system using Arduino, a PIR sensor, LDR sensor, and PWM to automatically control lights based on motion detection and ambient light levels. The system aims to save energy by adjusting light brightness according to external conditions. When motion is detected by the PIR sensor, the LDR sensor measures the light level and the Arduino uses PWM to set the LED brightness at an optimum level, such as 100% in low light or 50% in bright light. This intelligent lighting control system could be implemented in workplaces, museums, and libraries to efficiently and automatically provide lighting as needed while reducing energy consumption.
The wireless sensor node can only be equipped with a
limited power source. In some application scenarios,
replenishment of power resources might be impossible. Sensor
node lifetime, therefore, shows a strong dependence on battery
lifetime. Hence, power conservation and power management take
on additional importance. The main task of a sensor node in a
sensor field is to detect events, perform quick local data
processing, and then transmit the data. Power consumption can
hence be divided into three domains: sensing, communication,
and data processing. One of the most commonly used Power
management techniques is to allow a node to follow sleep-wake
up-sample-compute-communicate cycle. Based on the amount of
the battery availability, by adopting the proper information
dissemenitation schemes, the network life time can be extended.
This process relies on hardware support for implementing sleep
states, permits the power consumption of a node to be reduced by
many orders of magnitude.
This document describes the conception and realization of an electromagnetic sensor for measuring force and displacement. The sensor consists of two flat coils situated a distance x from each other, with one coil fixed and one attached to a spring. Changes in the distance x due to force applied to the spring induce a voltage in the moving coil via magnetic induction. The spring acts as a force-displacement converter, while the coils act as a displacement-voltage converter via a conditioning circuit. The sensor was calibrated from 0g to 10g and shown to have high accuracy, with no hysteresis and a sensitivity of 200mg/mV. It provides a means of measuring small forces and displacements electromagnetically.
Design and implementation of advanced security system based on one time passwIAEME Publication
This document describes the design and implementation of an advanced security system based on one-time passwords for highly secure areas. The system uses multiple sensors including PIR, IR, vibration, and magnetic sensors to detect intrusions. When a sensor is triggered, the system requests a one-time password that is sent to authorized users' mobile phones. The system is aimed at providing security for places like defense establishments, nuclear plants, and other secure facilities by only allowing access to those who can provide the correct one-time password.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Low cost wireless sensor networks and smartphone applications for disaster ma...eSAT Publishing House
This document describes a low-cost wireless sensor network and smartphone application system for disaster management. The system uses an Arduino-based wireless sensor network comprising nodes with various sensors to monitor the environment. The sensor data is transmitted to a central gateway and then to the cloud for analysis. A smartphone app connected to the cloud can detect disasters from the sensor data and send real-time alerts to users to help with early evacuation. The system aims to provide low-cost localized disaster detection and warnings to improve safety.
Modern Street Lightening System with Intensity Control using GSMpaperpublications3
Abstract: As the LED's lumen efficiency increases rapidly in recent years, many new LED illumination applications are emerging. LEDs have features such as long-life, small and low power consumption. Therefore, they are used in various occasion such as full color large sized LED displays, traffic lights, and etc. In this paper, an energy efficient street lighting system is proposed. The presented system consists of a LED lamp module, which can be controlled from remote location. The proposed remote-control system can optimize intensity and efficiency of street lighting systems. It uses GSM based wireless devices which enable more efficient street lamp-system management, thanks to an advanced interface and control architecture. It uses a sensor combination to control and guarantee the desired system parameters; the information is transferred point by point using GSM Module and is sent to a control terminal used to check the status of the street lamps and to take appropriate measures in case of failure.A developed prototype system will be presented in this paper and experiments will be performed to verify the correctness of the proposed system. According to the experimental results, the lighting efficiency is 85 % and the conversion efficiency is 90 %.
Keywords: WSN (Wireless Sensor Network), GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), IR (Infrared) CEPT (Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs), IDEN (Integrated Digital Enhanced Network).
Title: Modern Street Lightening System with Intensity Control using GSM
Author: Kapil Aherkar, Pratik Dongrikar, Nikul Dengda, Sukrit Bhattacharya
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
IRJET- A Remotely Controlled Home Automation System for Energy SavingIRJET Journal
This document describes a remotely controlled home automation system using GSM technology. The system allows a homeowner to control appliances in their home like fans, lights and air conditioners via SMS messages from their mobile phone. A microcontroller is used to receive SMS messages through a GSM module and control the appliances using sensors like temperature, smoke and light sensors. The system aims to automate home appliances and enable remote control for energy savings purposes. Key components include a microcontroller, sensors, relays, GSM module and appliances like fans that can be turned on/off remotely using SMS commands from the homeowner's mobile phone from anywhere.
IRJET- Intelligent Lighting System using Arduino and PWMIRJET Journal
This document proposes an intelligent lighting system using Arduino, a PIR sensor, LDR sensor, and PWM to automatically control lights based on motion detection and ambient light levels. The system aims to save energy by adjusting light brightness according to external conditions. When motion is detected by the PIR sensor, the LDR sensor measures the light level and the Arduino uses PWM to set the LED brightness at an optimum level, such as 100% in low light or 50% in bright light. This intelligent lighting control system could be implemented in workplaces, museums, and libraries to efficiently and automatically provide lighting as needed while reducing energy consumption.
The wireless sensor node can only be equipped with a
limited power source. In some application scenarios,
replenishment of power resources might be impossible. Sensor
node lifetime, therefore, shows a strong dependence on battery
lifetime. Hence, power conservation and power management take
on additional importance. The main task of a sensor node in a
sensor field is to detect events, perform quick local data
processing, and then transmit the data. Power consumption can
hence be divided into three domains: sensing, communication,
and data processing. One of the most commonly used Power
management techniques is to allow a node to follow sleep-wake
up-sample-compute-communicate cycle. Based on the amount of
the battery availability, by adopting the proper information
dissemenitation schemes, the network life time can be extended.
This process relies on hardware support for implementing sleep
states, permits the power consumption of a node to be reduced by
many orders of magnitude.
This document describes the conception and realization of an electromagnetic sensor for measuring force and displacement. The sensor consists of two flat coils situated a distance x from each other, with one coil fixed and one attached to a spring. Changes in the distance x due to force applied to the spring induce a voltage in the moving coil via magnetic induction. The spring acts as a force-displacement converter, while the coils act as a displacement-voltage converter via a conditioning circuit. The sensor was calibrated from 0g to 10g and shown to have high accuracy, with no hysteresis and a sensitivity of 200mg/mV. It provides a means of measuring small forces and displacements electromagnetically.
The document describes a power consumption alert system that aims to make consumers aware of their electricity usage and costs. The system monitors energy consumption using a sensor connected to the energy meter. It sends usage data to a microcontroller that determines costs and compares it to a threshold. When the threshold is reached, the consumer is notified via SMS and a mobile/web app that generates daily, weekly, and monthly usage reports. The system cuts power if the maximum limit is exceeded and notifies the consumer. It aims to help consumers reduce electricity bills and curb unusual power usage, benefiting both consumers and the government.
This document describes an intruder detection security system that uses a PIR sensor, ultrasonic sensor, Arduino, buzzer, and GSM module. The system is designed to detect movement or objects within a particular distance. When movement is detected, the system activates an alarm and sends a message to a registered mobile number. The sensors detect any motion or object in their range and trigger the alarm and GSM notification. The system is designed to provide inexpensive and effective home security or security for other domestic applications.
This document summarizes a review of sensor nodes in basic wireless sensor networks, with an emphasis on selecting an appropriate processor. It discusses key factors in sensor network design like fault tolerance, scalability, and power consumption. Sensor nodes typically consist of sensing, processing, transceiver, and power units. Processors must have low power usage, fast wake-up times, clock scaling abilities, and memory architectures suited for interrupts. Common microcontrollers and microprocessors are evaluated based on these criteria to determine the best fit for sensor network applications.
Cloud Based Forest Fire Alert System using IoTijtsrd
The most common hazard in forest fire Accident are themselves destroy the forest and great threat for wildlife and peoples. The number of trees has reduced drastically so the forest are creates an unhealthy environment for animals to survive in the forest. Forest covers 31 of the world and 21 of the India. It has found in a survey that 80 of losses are caused due to fire. This project of a system fire was detected early stages. It was tracking and alarming for protection of trees against forest fire. Now IOT Internet of things devices and cloud based to forest fire alerting system. If cloud can used to storing the information of data to monitoring the different environmental variables such as temperature, smoke, moisture of the forest. So finally to prevent the fire to spread over a huge area and precaution the forest. Ajith. S | Chandru. S | Boopalan. E | Periyathambi. P ""Cloud Based Forest Fire Alert System using IoT"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30070.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/30070/cloud-based-forest-fire-alert-system-using-iot/ajith-s
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WIRELESS SENSOR AND ACTUATOR NETWORK FOR ENERG...ijesajournal
This document describes the design and implementation of a wireless sensor and actuator network for monitoring home energy usage. The network includes energy measurement nodes that read the energy usage of connected appliances and report readings to a central server in real-time. The server displays readings through a visual interface, allowing users to understand usage patterns and reduce energy consumption. Users can also remotely power appliances on/off through the network to control energy usage. The system was designed and tested with two measurement nodes, one central server, and communication within 15 meters to allow inexpensive home energy monitoring and control.
This document describes a method for generating entangled photon pairs using picosecond soliton pulses trapped in microring resonators (MRRs). Spatial and temporal soliton pulses with peak powers of 500-550 mW are input into a system of three MRRs. The soliton pulses generate a broad spectrum of chaotic signals within the MRRs due to nonlinear effects. Ultra-short soliton pulses of 25 ps can be trapped within a frequency of 3.52 GHz. The entangled photon pairs generated are then transmitted to users via a wireless router system, allowing secure optical communication via quantum keys distributed over a network.
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Optimized energy efficient lighting system for green buildingseSAT Journals
Abstract
Increasing population places increasing demands on energy supply, which leads to heavy power deficiency. We can supply only a
limited amount of energy to the consumers because we have only limited conventional sources of energy and non-conventional
energy sources are mostly still under research and have not been deployed on a large scale. Not only there is limited amount of
energy to be supplied to the consumers but heavy demand of energy supply also leads to environment degradation. This creates a
need to use the limited energy efficiently. This has given rise to new trend towards reducing the energy consumption: Green
Buildings. About 40% of the energy consumption in the world is consumed by buildings [1]. Energy consumed by lighting systems
accounts for about 15% of total energy consumption of buildings [1]. Thus we need to use energy efficient lighting devices for
illuminating buildings. Thus in this study we to tend to develop optimized energy efficient system, which will use LED lights to
illuminate buildings. The illumination intensity of the LED lights will be decided by the FPGA, which is interfaced to the LED
driver. Based on combined values of light intensity of the room and occupancy of the room using different sensors, the light output
of the LED will be controlled.
Keywords: LED Lighting System, FPGA, Green Buildings, Auto-dimming.
The document describes a wireless remote monitoring system based on sensor technology and GSM mobile communication. The system uses pyroelectric infrared sensors to detect changes in temperature caused by infrared light. When the sensor detects a temperature change, it produces a current based on the thermoelectric effect. This current is then transmitted wirelessly via GSM networks to notify users of monitoring events through text messages in real-time. The system allows remote monitoring of important places and items without needing a wired network. It was designed and implemented using wireless sensor modules, a receiver, decoder, microcontroller, alarm unit, and GSM communication module to achieve reliable wireless remote monitoring.
1) The document describes a smart campus energy management system that uses Bluetooth beacons, sensors, a microcontroller, and a mobile app to automatically control electrical appliances and reduce energy consumption.
2) The system determines if a user enters or exits a room using beacons and sensors to track the user's location and movement. It then controls power to appliances accordingly to cut off power when users are not present.
3) This smart energy management system aims to reduce energy costs by ensuring energy usage is only when needed and avoiding wastage when rooms are unoccupied.
1. The document describes an intelligent lighting solution that uses sensors like IR, LDR, and Bluetooth to automate lighting and reduce electricity consumption.
2. The system turns lights on when motion is detected by the IR sensor and it is dark based on the LDR sensor. It can also be controlled remotely using Bluetooth.
3. By combining multiple sensors like IR, LDR, and Bluetooth, the lighting can be automated intelligently based on presence and light levels to reduce unnecessary electricity usage from lights.
Implementation of fuzzy logic using mems accelerometer for controlling bldcIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study that implemented a fuzzy logic controller using an accelerometer to control the speed of a brushless DC motor. The system uses an Arduino microcontroller to read analog accelerometer data and convert it to digital values. A fuzzy logic table maps accelerometer readings to motor duty cycles. An RF transmitter sends the duty cycle value wirelessly to an MSP430 microcontroller. The MSP430 controls the motor speed using an L293D driver circuit. Experimental results showed the fuzzy logic controller could successfully map accelerometer gestures to different motor duty cycles and speeds. The system demonstrates using fuzzy logic and wireless transmission for motor control based on accelerometer input.
The document describes an intelligent street lighting system using GSM that was developed by researchers in India. The system uses sensors and microcontrollers installed on streetlights along with GSM modules for wireless data transmission. It aims to reduce energy consumption and maintenance costs by remotely controlling the lights based on factors like light intensity, noise levels, and carbon monoxide. When fully implemented, the system is expected to reduce energy use by up to 40%, maintenance costs by up to 50%, and increase bulb life by up to 25%. It collects data from the sensors and allows remote monitoring and control of the streetlights from a central server.
EFFECT OF HASH FUNCTION ON PERFORMANCE OF LOW POWER WAKE UP RECEIVER FOR WIRE...IJNSA Journal
Next generation network will consist of different types of wireless networks like WSN, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, UMTS, LTE and etc. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) finds unique and special application as compared to the said networks because sensors are deployed in a very secret, awkward and hostile environment like battle field etc. Various wireless sensor nodes are interconnected and form a Wireless Sensor Network. Sensor nodes once deployed in a region, can’t be repaired thus the power system deployed in the nodes becomes a major key issue i.e. how long its battery life can be utilised. Another major issue of WSN is to have a more secured network which is a function of hash keys. Increase usage of hash key means enhanced security but at the cost of power and area. Sensor systems must utilize the minimal possible energy while operating over secured and wide range of operating scenarios. In this paper, we have proposed a novel ID matching mechanism that uses a Bloom filter to realize wake-up wireless communication. Paper uses hash function for uniquely recognizing particular sensor- node- cluster among all clusters. Paper also shows the effect of number of hash functions on performance of wireless sensor node. The design and implementation of a wireless wake-up receiver module simulation reveals
that proposed model consume 724nW dynamic power and with bloom filter, the proposed model consumes dynamic power 85% less than the consumption cited in “Takiguchi” model[1]. Dynamic power is further reduced by 10% when parallel processing is implemented. Finally paper provides a novel approach to save the dynamic power and subsequently increases the battery life of wireless sensor node and network as a whole.
IRJET-Laser Based Security System for HomeIRJET Journal
This document describes a laser-based home security system. It uses a laser light source that transmits a beam across an area. When the beam is broken, such as by an intruder, an alarm is triggered. The system has a transmitter that generates the laser beam and a receiver that detects when the beam is broken using a light sensor. When the beam is broken, the receiver circuit activates an alarm. The laser beam can cover a large area without scattering and is invisible except at the source and detection points, allowing the system to create an invisible boundary. The system is powered by batteries and uses a microcontroller for the detection and alarm activation circuitry. It provides cost-effective home security using easily available laser components.
IEEE 802.15.3c WPAN Standard Using Millimeter Optical Soliton Pulse Generated...University of Malaya (UM)
A system of microring resonators (MRRs) connected to an optical modified add/drop filter system known as a Panda ring resonator is presented. The optical soliton pulse of 60 GHz frequency band can be generated and used for Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) applications such as IEEE 802.15.3c. The system uses chaotic signals generated by a Gaussian laser pulse propagating within a nonlinear MRRs system. The chaotic signals can be generated via a series of microring resonators, where the filtering process is performed via the Panda ring resonator system wherein ultrashort single and multiple optical soliton pulses of 60 GHz are generated and seen at the through and drop ports, respectively. The IEEE 802.15.3c standard operates at the 60 GHz frequency band, and it is applicable for a short distance optical communication such as indoor systems, where the higher transmission data rate can be performed using a high frequency band of the output optical soliton pulses. The single and multi-soliton pulses could be generated and converted to logic codes, where the bandwidths of these pulses are 5 and 20 MHz, respectively. Thus, these types of signals can be used in optical indoor systems and transmission link using appropriate components such as transmitter, fiber optics, amplifier, and receiver.
This document describes a laboratory experiment on reconfigurable wireless sensor systems and networks using the Cypress CY3271 PSoC Kit. The kit includes hardware boards like the PC Bridge, RF Expansion Card, and MultiFunction Expansion Card that contain Programmable System on Chips (PSoCs) and sensors. Software tools like PSoC Designer and Programmer are used to configure the PSoCs. The experiment aims to familiarize students with concepts of wireless sensor networks and energy harvesting using this kit through tasks involving sensing applications and a thermoelectric energy generator.
This document describes a system to detect cable faults using IoT. The system uses an Arduino microcontroller connected to a resistor network laid across underground cables. When a fault occurs, it creates a short circuit between two cable lines. This generates a specific voltage based on the resistor combination. The Arduino senses this voltage and determines the distance to the fault location. It displays the fault data on an LCD screen and transfers it over a network to a web page. The goal is to easily detect exact fault locations to simplify cable repair work compared to existing methods that require digging up entire cable lines.
This document summarizes research from an international journal on improving the transient response of a buck converter. It begins by introducing buck converters and discussing challenges with traditional control methods. It then provides details on implementing a sliding mode controller and PID controller for a buck converter circuit. Simulation results are presented to compare the transient response when using each controller under different operating conditions and parameter variations. The sliding mode controller is found to provide faster transient response times, improved output voltage accuracy, and robustness to disturbances compared to the PID controller.
This document discusses the design process for products. It describes the three phases of design: divergence, transformation, and convergence. In the divergence phase, needs are analyzed and specifications are established. The transformation phase involves conceiving alternative solutions. The convergence phase narrows solutions down to the most feasible option. The document also discusses the importance of collaboration between designers and manufacturers to ensure a design can be successfully manufactured. It provides an example of the Titanic, where lack of collaboration between teams led to failure of the rivets used in construction. Overall, the document emphasizes that design is a complex team process that requires considering all factors from needs to manufacturing.
The document calls for papers to be submitted to the International Journal of Engineering and Management Education by April 25th, 2013, outlines the journal impact factors and publication frequencies, and provides instructions for submitting and formatting papers for consideration for publication in one of the 16 journals.
Design of high efficiency pelton turbine for micro hydropowerIAEME Publication
The document summarizes the design process for a Pelton turbine to be used in a micro-hydro power plant. It outlines 9 key steps: 1) collecting site data on net head and water flow rate, 2) calculating turbine input power, 3) calculating turbine speed, 4) calculating runner diameter, 5) calculating number of nozzles, 6) designing nozzle dimensions, 7) designing bucket dimensions, 8) calculating bucket speed ratio, and 9) simulating the design using MATLAB. The goal is to design all aspects of the Pelton turbine to achieve maximum efficiency for converting hydraulic energy to mechanical power.
The document describes a power consumption alert system that aims to make consumers aware of their electricity usage and costs. The system monitors energy consumption using a sensor connected to the energy meter. It sends usage data to a microcontroller that determines costs and compares it to a threshold. When the threshold is reached, the consumer is notified via SMS and a mobile/web app that generates daily, weekly, and monthly usage reports. The system cuts power if the maximum limit is exceeded and notifies the consumer. It aims to help consumers reduce electricity bills and curb unusual power usage, benefiting both consumers and the government.
This document describes an intruder detection security system that uses a PIR sensor, ultrasonic sensor, Arduino, buzzer, and GSM module. The system is designed to detect movement or objects within a particular distance. When movement is detected, the system activates an alarm and sends a message to a registered mobile number. The sensors detect any motion or object in their range and trigger the alarm and GSM notification. The system is designed to provide inexpensive and effective home security or security for other domestic applications.
This document summarizes a review of sensor nodes in basic wireless sensor networks, with an emphasis on selecting an appropriate processor. It discusses key factors in sensor network design like fault tolerance, scalability, and power consumption. Sensor nodes typically consist of sensing, processing, transceiver, and power units. Processors must have low power usage, fast wake-up times, clock scaling abilities, and memory architectures suited for interrupts. Common microcontrollers and microprocessors are evaluated based on these criteria to determine the best fit for sensor network applications.
Cloud Based Forest Fire Alert System using IoTijtsrd
The most common hazard in forest fire Accident are themselves destroy the forest and great threat for wildlife and peoples. The number of trees has reduced drastically so the forest are creates an unhealthy environment for animals to survive in the forest. Forest covers 31 of the world and 21 of the India. It has found in a survey that 80 of losses are caused due to fire. This project of a system fire was detected early stages. It was tracking and alarming for protection of trees against forest fire. Now IOT Internet of things devices and cloud based to forest fire alerting system. If cloud can used to storing the information of data to monitoring the different environmental variables such as temperature, smoke, moisture of the forest. So finally to prevent the fire to spread over a huge area and precaution the forest. Ajith. S | Chandru. S | Boopalan. E | Periyathambi. P ""Cloud Based Forest Fire Alert System using IoT"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30070.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/30070/cloud-based-forest-fire-alert-system-using-iot/ajith-s
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WIRELESS SENSOR AND ACTUATOR NETWORK FOR ENERG...ijesajournal
This document describes the design and implementation of a wireless sensor and actuator network for monitoring home energy usage. The network includes energy measurement nodes that read the energy usage of connected appliances and report readings to a central server in real-time. The server displays readings through a visual interface, allowing users to understand usage patterns and reduce energy consumption. Users can also remotely power appliances on/off through the network to control energy usage. The system was designed and tested with two measurement nodes, one central server, and communication within 15 meters to allow inexpensive home energy monitoring and control.
This document describes a method for generating entangled photon pairs using picosecond soliton pulses trapped in microring resonators (MRRs). Spatial and temporal soliton pulses with peak powers of 500-550 mW are input into a system of three MRRs. The soliton pulses generate a broad spectrum of chaotic signals within the MRRs due to nonlinear effects. Ultra-short soliton pulses of 25 ps can be trapped within a frequency of 3.52 GHz. The entangled photon pairs generated are then transmitted to users via a wireless router system, allowing secure optical communication via quantum keys distributed over a network.
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Optimized energy efficient lighting system for green buildingseSAT Journals
Abstract
Increasing population places increasing demands on energy supply, which leads to heavy power deficiency. We can supply only a
limited amount of energy to the consumers because we have only limited conventional sources of energy and non-conventional
energy sources are mostly still under research and have not been deployed on a large scale. Not only there is limited amount of
energy to be supplied to the consumers but heavy demand of energy supply also leads to environment degradation. This creates a
need to use the limited energy efficiently. This has given rise to new trend towards reducing the energy consumption: Green
Buildings. About 40% of the energy consumption in the world is consumed by buildings [1]. Energy consumed by lighting systems
accounts for about 15% of total energy consumption of buildings [1]. Thus we need to use energy efficient lighting devices for
illuminating buildings. Thus in this study we to tend to develop optimized energy efficient system, which will use LED lights to
illuminate buildings. The illumination intensity of the LED lights will be decided by the FPGA, which is interfaced to the LED
driver. Based on combined values of light intensity of the room and occupancy of the room using different sensors, the light output
of the LED will be controlled.
Keywords: LED Lighting System, FPGA, Green Buildings, Auto-dimming.
The document describes a wireless remote monitoring system based on sensor technology and GSM mobile communication. The system uses pyroelectric infrared sensors to detect changes in temperature caused by infrared light. When the sensor detects a temperature change, it produces a current based on the thermoelectric effect. This current is then transmitted wirelessly via GSM networks to notify users of monitoring events through text messages in real-time. The system allows remote monitoring of important places and items without needing a wired network. It was designed and implemented using wireless sensor modules, a receiver, decoder, microcontroller, alarm unit, and GSM communication module to achieve reliable wireless remote monitoring.
1) The document describes a smart campus energy management system that uses Bluetooth beacons, sensors, a microcontroller, and a mobile app to automatically control electrical appliances and reduce energy consumption.
2) The system determines if a user enters or exits a room using beacons and sensors to track the user's location and movement. It then controls power to appliances accordingly to cut off power when users are not present.
3) This smart energy management system aims to reduce energy costs by ensuring energy usage is only when needed and avoiding wastage when rooms are unoccupied.
1. The document describes an intelligent lighting solution that uses sensors like IR, LDR, and Bluetooth to automate lighting and reduce electricity consumption.
2. The system turns lights on when motion is detected by the IR sensor and it is dark based on the LDR sensor. It can also be controlled remotely using Bluetooth.
3. By combining multiple sensors like IR, LDR, and Bluetooth, the lighting can be automated intelligently based on presence and light levels to reduce unnecessary electricity usage from lights.
Implementation of fuzzy logic using mems accelerometer for controlling bldcIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study that implemented a fuzzy logic controller using an accelerometer to control the speed of a brushless DC motor. The system uses an Arduino microcontroller to read analog accelerometer data and convert it to digital values. A fuzzy logic table maps accelerometer readings to motor duty cycles. An RF transmitter sends the duty cycle value wirelessly to an MSP430 microcontroller. The MSP430 controls the motor speed using an L293D driver circuit. Experimental results showed the fuzzy logic controller could successfully map accelerometer gestures to different motor duty cycles and speeds. The system demonstrates using fuzzy logic and wireless transmission for motor control based on accelerometer input.
The document describes an intelligent street lighting system using GSM that was developed by researchers in India. The system uses sensors and microcontrollers installed on streetlights along with GSM modules for wireless data transmission. It aims to reduce energy consumption and maintenance costs by remotely controlling the lights based on factors like light intensity, noise levels, and carbon monoxide. When fully implemented, the system is expected to reduce energy use by up to 40%, maintenance costs by up to 50%, and increase bulb life by up to 25%. It collects data from the sensors and allows remote monitoring and control of the streetlights from a central server.
EFFECT OF HASH FUNCTION ON PERFORMANCE OF LOW POWER WAKE UP RECEIVER FOR WIRE...IJNSA Journal
Next generation network will consist of different types of wireless networks like WSN, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, UMTS, LTE and etc. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) finds unique and special application as compared to the said networks because sensors are deployed in a very secret, awkward and hostile environment like battle field etc. Various wireless sensor nodes are interconnected and form a Wireless Sensor Network. Sensor nodes once deployed in a region, can’t be repaired thus the power system deployed in the nodes becomes a major key issue i.e. how long its battery life can be utilised. Another major issue of WSN is to have a more secured network which is a function of hash keys. Increase usage of hash key means enhanced security but at the cost of power and area. Sensor systems must utilize the minimal possible energy while operating over secured and wide range of operating scenarios. In this paper, we have proposed a novel ID matching mechanism that uses a Bloom filter to realize wake-up wireless communication. Paper uses hash function for uniquely recognizing particular sensor- node- cluster among all clusters. Paper also shows the effect of number of hash functions on performance of wireless sensor node. The design and implementation of a wireless wake-up receiver module simulation reveals
that proposed model consume 724nW dynamic power and with bloom filter, the proposed model consumes dynamic power 85% less than the consumption cited in “Takiguchi” model[1]. Dynamic power is further reduced by 10% when parallel processing is implemented. Finally paper provides a novel approach to save the dynamic power and subsequently increases the battery life of wireless sensor node and network as a whole.
IRJET-Laser Based Security System for HomeIRJET Journal
This document describes a laser-based home security system. It uses a laser light source that transmits a beam across an area. When the beam is broken, such as by an intruder, an alarm is triggered. The system has a transmitter that generates the laser beam and a receiver that detects when the beam is broken using a light sensor. When the beam is broken, the receiver circuit activates an alarm. The laser beam can cover a large area without scattering and is invisible except at the source and detection points, allowing the system to create an invisible boundary. The system is powered by batteries and uses a microcontroller for the detection and alarm activation circuitry. It provides cost-effective home security using easily available laser components.
IEEE 802.15.3c WPAN Standard Using Millimeter Optical Soliton Pulse Generated...University of Malaya (UM)
A system of microring resonators (MRRs) connected to an optical modified add/drop filter system known as a Panda ring resonator is presented. The optical soliton pulse of 60 GHz frequency band can be generated and used for Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) applications such as IEEE 802.15.3c. The system uses chaotic signals generated by a Gaussian laser pulse propagating within a nonlinear MRRs system. The chaotic signals can be generated via a series of microring resonators, where the filtering process is performed via the Panda ring resonator system wherein ultrashort single and multiple optical soliton pulses of 60 GHz are generated and seen at the through and drop ports, respectively. The IEEE 802.15.3c standard operates at the 60 GHz frequency band, and it is applicable for a short distance optical communication such as indoor systems, where the higher transmission data rate can be performed using a high frequency band of the output optical soliton pulses. The single and multi-soliton pulses could be generated and converted to logic codes, where the bandwidths of these pulses are 5 and 20 MHz, respectively. Thus, these types of signals can be used in optical indoor systems and transmission link using appropriate components such as transmitter, fiber optics, amplifier, and receiver.
This document describes a laboratory experiment on reconfigurable wireless sensor systems and networks using the Cypress CY3271 PSoC Kit. The kit includes hardware boards like the PC Bridge, RF Expansion Card, and MultiFunction Expansion Card that contain Programmable System on Chips (PSoCs) and sensors. Software tools like PSoC Designer and Programmer are used to configure the PSoCs. The experiment aims to familiarize students with concepts of wireless sensor networks and energy harvesting using this kit through tasks involving sensing applications and a thermoelectric energy generator.
This document describes a system to detect cable faults using IoT. The system uses an Arduino microcontroller connected to a resistor network laid across underground cables. When a fault occurs, it creates a short circuit between two cable lines. This generates a specific voltage based on the resistor combination. The Arduino senses this voltage and determines the distance to the fault location. It displays the fault data on an LCD screen and transfers it over a network to a web page. The goal is to easily detect exact fault locations to simplify cable repair work compared to existing methods that require digging up entire cable lines.
This document summarizes research from an international journal on improving the transient response of a buck converter. It begins by introducing buck converters and discussing challenges with traditional control methods. It then provides details on implementing a sliding mode controller and PID controller for a buck converter circuit. Simulation results are presented to compare the transient response when using each controller under different operating conditions and parameter variations. The sliding mode controller is found to provide faster transient response times, improved output voltage accuracy, and robustness to disturbances compared to the PID controller.
This document discusses the design process for products. It describes the three phases of design: divergence, transformation, and convergence. In the divergence phase, needs are analyzed and specifications are established. The transformation phase involves conceiving alternative solutions. The convergence phase narrows solutions down to the most feasible option. The document also discusses the importance of collaboration between designers and manufacturers to ensure a design can be successfully manufactured. It provides an example of the Titanic, where lack of collaboration between teams led to failure of the rivets used in construction. Overall, the document emphasizes that design is a complex team process that requires considering all factors from needs to manufacturing.
The document calls for papers to be submitted to the International Journal of Engineering and Management Education by April 25th, 2013, outlines the journal impact factors and publication frequencies, and provides instructions for submitting and formatting papers for consideration for publication in one of the 16 journals.
Design of high efficiency pelton turbine for micro hydropowerIAEME Publication
The document summarizes the design process for a Pelton turbine to be used in a micro-hydro power plant. It outlines 9 key steps: 1) collecting site data on net head and water flow rate, 2) calculating turbine input power, 3) calculating turbine speed, 4) calculating runner diameter, 5) calculating number of nozzles, 6) designing nozzle dimensions, 7) designing bucket dimensions, 8) calculating bucket speed ratio, and 9) simulating the design using MATLAB. The goal is to design all aspects of the Pelton turbine to achieve maximum efficiency for converting hydraulic energy to mechanical power.
Micro turbines can produce 10-100 watts of electrical power and have an energy density 10 times greater than batteries. They can be used for power generation in applications like space vehicles and electronic devices. The document discusses the classification, characteristics, challenges, applications, and recent developments of micro turbines. It notes that micro turbines face unique combustion challenges due to their small size but are still in development for power generation uses.
COST ESTIMATION OF SMALL HYDRO POWER GENERATIONRajeev Kumar
R. Montanari [4] in his paper presents an original method for finding the most economically advantageous choice for the installation of micro hydroelectric plants. More precisely, the paper that follows is to be considered in a context defined as “problematic” by those who have the job of constructing water-flow plants with only small head and modest flow rates. Traditional plant solutions using Kaplan or Francis type turbines must be rejected because of the high levels of initial investments. Much more simple configurations must be analyzed, such as plants with propeller turbines or Michel–Banki turbines, in order to reduce the investment costs. The general methodology applied provides a powerful decision-making instrument which is able to define the best plant configuration. The method is based on the use of economic profitability indicators, such as the Net Present Value (NPV), calculated using the plant project parameters, the nominal flow rate and head, and the particular hydrologic characteristics of the site, such as the type of distribution, the average value and the standard deviation of the flow rates in the course of water supplying the plant
S.M.H. Hosseinia, F. Forouzbakhshb, M. Rahimpoor [6] in their paper a method to calculate the annual energy has presented, as is the program developed using Excel software. This program analyzes and estimates the most important economic indices of a small hydro power plant using the sensitivity analysis method. Another program, developed by Mat lab software, calculates the reliability indices for a number of units of a small hydro power plant with a specified load duration curve using the Monte Carlo method. Ultimately, comparing the technical, economic and reliability indices will determine the optimal installation capacity of a small hydro power plant.
S.K. Singal and R.P.Saini [9] has presented methodology to determine the correlations for the cost of different components of canal based small hydro power schemes. The cost based on the developed correlations, having different head and capacity, has been compared with the available cost data of the existing hydropower stations. It has been found that these correlations can be used reasonably for the estimation of cost of new canal-based SHP schemes.
This document discusses several technologies for powering wearable devices through human body heat. It summarizes:
1) A lightweight thermoelectric generator that converts the temperature difference between a person's body and ambient air into electricity to power wearables without batteries.
2) The hardware design of a wearable sensor node, including an energy-efficient microcontroller, rechargeable battery, and voltage regulators to power sensors and an RF transceiver.
3) The software and operation of the sensor node, which collects sensor data, compares it to lookup tables, and sends it via the RF transceiver while minimizing power usage through low-power modes.
ENERGY HARVESTING METHOD IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKijejournal
With the advent of modern micro mechanical system technology and wireless communication wireless
sensor networks are finding a lot of application in modern day life. The design of the sensor network
depends on the specific application. This paper gives a description of the components of the wireless
sensor nodes used. It also describes how the lifetime of a wireless sensor network can be increased by the
use of energy harvesting sensor nodes.
POWER CONSUMING SYSTEM USING WSN IN HEMSIJERA Editor
Today’s buildings account for a large fraction of our energy consumption. In an effort to economize scarce fossil fuels on earth, sensor networks are a valuable tool to increase the energy efficiency of buildings without severely reducing our quality of life. Within a smart building many sensors and actuators are interconnected to form a control system. Nowadays, the deployment of a building control system is complicated because of different communication standards. Here we present a web services-based approach to integrate resource constrained sensor and actuator nodes into IP-based networks. A key feature of our approach is its capability for automatic service discovery. The design and development of an intelligent monitoring and controlling system for home appliances in a real time system is reported in this paper. This system principally monitors the electrical parameters such as voltage and current and subsequently calculates the power consumption of the home appliances that are need to be monitored. The innovation of this system is controlling mechanism implementation in so many ways. Also the proposed system is an economical and easily operable. Due to these intelligent characteristics it become an electricity expense reducer and people friendly.
Integration of biosensors in the biomedical systems choices and outlookiaemedu
This document discusses the integration of biosensors in biomedical systems. It provides an overview of different types of biosensors and criteria for their integration. A key point is that miniaturization and automation through microelectronics allows for lower production costs and portable integrated biosensor systems. The "Lab on a Chip" is presented as an example of an almost perfect integrated cell biosensor system that could be promising for the future due to its ability to control individual biosensors in a matrix to analyze multiple analytes. Thermal properties that may affect biosensor integration are also briefly reviewed.
Integration of biosensors in the biomedical systems choices and outlookiaemedu
This document discusses the integration of biosensors in biomedical systems. It begins by introducing biosensors and their components. Miniaturization and automation are seen as advantageous for biosensor integration. The document then examines criteria for choosing integrated biosensors, such as compatibility with integrated circuits and low cost. Lab-on-a-chip is presented as an example of an almost perfect integrated biosensor system that could have promising future applications due to its ability to control individual biosensors in a matrix for multiple analyte analysis. Challenges to biosensor integration like interference and instability are also reviewed.
Integration of biosensors in the biomedical systems choices and outlookiaemedu
This document discusses the integration of biosensors in biomedical systems. It provides an overview of different types of biosensors and criteria for their integration. Lab-on-chip is presented as an example of an almost perfect integrated biosensor system that could have promising applications in the future. Some key challenges to integration are miniaturization, compatibility with integrated circuits, cost, and factors that can impact stability or produce interference like temperature variations. Overall, the document evaluates technological and methodological evolutions that enable greater miniaturization and automation of biosensor integration.
Integration of biosensors in the biomedical systems choices and outlookiaemedu
This document discusses the integration of biosensors in biomedical systems. It begins by introducing biosensors and their components. Miniaturization and automation are seen as advantageous trends. The criteria for integrating biosensors is then examined, with microelectronic techniques seen as most integrable. Lab-on-a-chip is presented as an example of an almost perfect integrated biosensor cell that promises to be a future technology. Thermal properties that could impact integration are also briefly reviewed. In conclusion, multidisciplinary research is needed for coherent development across different fields to further biosensor integration.
Design and Implementation of Wireless Sensor Node for WSN for Automatic Meter...paperpublications3
Abstract:Deploying an embedded technology, a wireless sensor node is designed and implemented for establishment of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for automatic meter reading. The amount of power consumed by the load is extracted by passing the respective current through 1Ohm resistor. The analog voltage observed across it is digitized by employing on chip ADC of AVR Atmega 8L microcontroller. The ADC of 10 bit resolution helps to enhance preciseness in the data. Using principle of energy meter, the power consumed is determined and depicted in the terms of watts and units as well. An embedded firmware is developed by employing CodeVisionAVR, the IDE, which is dedicated for AVR family of microcontrollers. Employing an ubiquitous technology, the Zigbee technology, RF communication is established at 2.4GHz of ISM band. The Zigbee RF module is interfaced to the system and programmed by using X-CTU. Each node (End Devices) is assigned with its own ID and disseminates the data to the co-ordinator node, which is interfaced to the base station. The present wireless sensor network is operating in star technology and following IEEE 802.15.4 standards, it is operating with great reliability. The WSN is suitable for electric power distribution and control boards. Keyword:Automatic Meter Reading, AVR Microcontroller, Embedded technology, IEEE802.15.4, WSN, Zigbee technology.
Title:Design and Implementation of Wireless Sensor Node for WSN for Automatic Meter Reading
Author:A. M. Pawar, S. N. Patil, B. P. Ladgaonkar
International Journal of Recent Research in Mathematics Computer Science and Information Technology, (IJRRMCSIT)
Paper Publications
Design and Implementation of Wireless Sensor Node for WSN for Automatic Meter...paperpublications3
Abstract:Deploying an embedded technology, a wireless sensor node is designed and implemented for establishment of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for automatic meter reading. The amount of power consumed by the load is extracted by passing the respective current through 1Ohm resistor. The analog voltage observed across it is digitized by employing on chip ADC of AVR Atmega 8L microcontroller. The ADC of 10 bit resolution helps to enhance preciseness in the data. Using principle of energy meter, the power consumed is determined and depicted in the terms of watts and units as well. An embedded firmware is developed by employing CodeVisionAVR, the IDE, which is dedicated for AVR family of microcontrollers. Employing an ubiquitous technology, the Zigbee technology, RF communication is established at 2.4GHz of ISM band. The Zigbee RF module is interfaced to the system and programmed by using X-CTU. Each node (End Devices) is assigned with its own ID and disseminates the data to the co-ordinator node, which is interfaced to the base station. The present wireless sensor network is operating in star technology and following IEEE 802.15.4 standards, it is operating with great reliability. The WSN is suitable for electric power distribution and control boards.
Keyword:Automatic Meter Reading, AVR Microcontroller, Embedded technology, IEEE802.15.4, WSN, Zigbee technology.
This document analyzes the performance of various modulation schemes for achieving energy efficient communication over fading channels in wireless sensor networks. It finds that for long transmission distances, low-order modulations like BPSK are optimal due to their lower SNR requirements. However, as transmission distance decreases, higher-order modulations like 16-QAM and 64-QAM become more optimal since they can transmit more bits per symbol, outweighing their higher SNR needs. Simulations show lifetime extensions up to 550% are possible in short-range networks by using higher-order modulations instead of just BPSK. The optimal modulation depends on transmission distance and balancing the energy used by electronic components versus power amplifiers.
An overview of how Wireless Sensor Networks are being extended to a system which has tremendous capabilities. The future is all about Smart Dust. Trillions of sensors may be planted across the world to improve the ecosystem as well as the lives of human beings. Although the aim of reducing the volume to orders of micrometer has not yet been fulfilled, considerable developments have been made to build motes that combine sensing, computing, wireless communication capabilities and autonomous power supply within volume of only few millimeters and that too at low cost.
This document summarizes a study on analyzing sensor network mobility using the OMNeT++ simulation framework and MiXiM modeling toolkit. The study models sensor node mobility and examines how various parameters affect mobility and energy consumption. The simulation involves 5 mobile sensor nodes moving randomly within a 700m x 700m area. Results show that average packet delay and energy consumption increase with higher node mobility. MiXiM provides mobility and connectivity handling in OMNeT++ and allows modeling mobile wireless networks like sensor networks.
This document describes a project to develop an industrial data acquisition system using ARM architecture. The system uses various sensors interfaced with an LPC2129 microcontroller to monitor temperature, CO2, light, and color. The sensor data is transmitted wirelessly using Zigbee to a monitoring node. The system allows remote monitoring of industrial environments for improved efficiency and safety. It provides a low-cost solution for continuous, real-time sensor data collection and monitoring. Future work involves integrating the system with the Internet of Things for intelligent sensor monitoring and control.
The document discusses wireless sensor networks and digital signal processing. It provides an overview of WSNs, describing key constraints like power management and protocols. It discusses several data fusion approaches used in WSN applications like beamforming, Kalman filtering, and filter banks. It also covers energy harvesting techniques that can power sensor nodes, reducing reliance on batteries and extending network lifetime.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document discusses the design and simulation of a high-speed CMOS differential current sensing comparator in 0.35μm and 0.25μm technologies. It presents the circuit design of the comparator and output buffer stage. Various comparator characteristics such as propagation delay, speed, power dissipation, offset voltage, and input common mode range are analyzed through simulation in the two technologies. The results show improvements in speed, power dissipation, and input common mode range in the 0.25μm technology compared to the 0.35μm technology.
This document discusses the design and simulation of a high-speed CMOS differential current sensing comparator in 0.35μm and 0.25μm technologies. It presents the circuit design of the differential current sensing comparator and output buffer stage. Various performance metrics of the comparator like propagation delay, speed, power dissipation, offset voltage, and input common mode range are analyzed through simulations in the two technologies. The results show improvements in speed, power dissipation, and input common mode range in the 0.25μm technology compared to the 0.35μm technology.
Analysis of Energy Consumption in MCU for IoT SystemIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the energy consumption of microcontrollers (MCUs) used in Internet of Things (IoT) sensor devices. It discusses how optimizing energy efficiency can extend the battery life of sensor nodes. The document evaluates the energy usage of a sensor node design that uses a LoRa/LoRaWAN radio module for long-range communication. It analyzes the energy consumption of the sensor node using different LoRaWAN modes and investigates the impact of parameters like data rate and bit error rate. The goal is to identify the most energy efficient wireless solution for IoT applications to maximize device lifetime.
unmanned vehicle robot for coal mines 1111111111111111Pratik Hulawale
This document summarizes an unmanned vehicle robot designed for use in coal mines. It uses various sensors to monitor temperature, humidity, harmful gases, and other factors to improve safety. A wireless camera allows remote monitoring. An Atmel microcontroller controls DC motors and receives sensor data to navigate autonomously. The system aims to reduce accidents by monitoring conditions and allowing remote operation without human entry into hazardous areas.
Similar to Analysis and design of ultra low power adc for wireless sensor networks 2 (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.