ANALEPTICS Mrs Namrata Sanjay Mane  Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Nagpur College of Pharmacy, Wanadongri, Hingna Road, Nagpur-441110,Maharashtra, India.

1. ANALEPTICS
Mrs Namrata Sanjay Mane
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Nagpur College of Pharmacy, Wanadongri, Hingna Road, Nagpur-
441110,Maharashtra, India.

2. Main Purpose of the class:-
To Understand the Topic Analeptics :-
• Definition.
• Classification.
• Structure.
• IUPAC Nomenclature.
• Properties.
• Stability and storage conditions.
• Official Formulation.
• Uses And Brand Names.

3. Learning Objectives:
At the end of this lecture, Students should be able to know:
• The definition.
• Classification of Analeptics with examples.
• Structure, IUPAC Nomenclature.
• Properties.
• Stability and storage conditions.
• Official Formulations.
• Uses And Brand Names.

4. Defination
ANALEPTICS: These are CNS stimulant they can reduce narcosis produced
by CNS depressant drugs. These are respiratory stimulant and can
overcome drug induced respiratory depression.
Examples:-Caffeine, Nikethamide. Etc.

5. Classification:
Classification with examples
I] naturally occurring alkaloids: -
e.g. caffeine, theopylline (xanthine derivative), lobeline, strychnine (other alkaloids)
ii] Synthetic compounds: -
a) pyridine derivative: - e.g. Nikethamide, picrotoxin
b) Tetrazole derivatives: -
e.g. leptazole, bemegride
iii] Other compounds: -
e.g. dexamphetamine (symphathomimetic)

6. IMPORTANT USES OF COMPOUNDS
1) CAFFEINE:-
CNS stimulant can give relief from fatigueness, tiredness, simple headache, and mild depression.
It produces wakefulness and alertness, enhances mental activity
In moderate dose can cause insomnia
2] THEOPHYLLINE:-
It has less CNS stimulant action.
Used as respiratory stimulant in neonatal apnoea (breathing problem)
Also useful as bronchodilator
Used in control of acute and chronic asthma
Also used for its diuretic action
It is cardiac stimulant useful in left ventricular failure

7. 3)CORAMINE (NIKETHAMIDE):-
 It is analeptic, used as respiratory stimulant
 Used to overcome CNS depression, respiratory depression and
circulatory failure
4] DEXAMPHETAMINE (DEXTROAMPHETAMINE):-
 Adrenergic CNS stimulant
 Useful in treatment of narcolepsy (excessive sleep problem)
 Useful in treatment of obesity

8. Properties with stability and storage
1] Caffeine:-
NATURE: - It is Purine alkaloids (xanthine derivative). It is obtained from tea
and coffee plant.
PHYSICAL NATURE:-Compound is white crystalline powder, silky white crystals,
odourless and bitter in taste
SOLUBILITY:-Sparingly soluble in water slightly soluble in alcohol
STABILITY:-Decomposed by strong alkaline solution the salts are hydrolyzed by
water
STORAGE:-Stored in tightly closed container label on the container indicates
anhydrous or monohydrate forms (caffeine is also available in the form of
caffeine benzoate, caffeine salicylate)

9. 2] Theopylline: - 1, 3-dimrthyl xanthine.
CHEMICAL-NATURE:-It is an alkaloid, it is isomeric with theobromine
PHYSICAL NATURE:-It is a white crystalline powder. It is odourless and
has bitter taste.
SOLUBILITY:-It is slightly soluble in solution of alkali hydroxide
STABILITY and STORAGE:-Theopylline is stored in well closed
container. Aminophylline absorbs carbon dioxide with the liberation of
theopylline and is affected by light. Hence, it is stored in well-filled,
tightly closed light resistant container; its contact with the metal
should be avoided.

10. 3] Coramine (Nikethamide):-
NATURE: - It is synthetic pyridine derivative
PHYSICAL NATURE:-It occurs as colorless or slightly yellow oily liquid or crystalline mass. It
has faint aromatic odour and slightly bitter taste, causes burning sensation and leaves faint
warm sensation on the tongue.
SOLUBILITY:-It is miscible in water, alcohol and ether
STABILITY and STORAGE:-It is affected by light and hence, it is stored in tightly closed, light
resistant container.
4] Dexamphetamine:-
NATURE: - It is the dextro isomer of amphetamine
PHYSICAL NATURE:-It is official as sulphate salt, which is a white crystalline powder. It is
odourless and has a saline and slightly bitter taste.
SOLUBILITY:-It is soluble in water.
It is dextrorotatory
STABILITY and STORAGE: - It is affected by light and hence, it is stored in well closed, light
resistant container

11. Drugs acting on CNS
CNS Stimulant
Caffeine
Aspirin and caffeine tablet.
Caffeine and sod.benzoate
injection. Caffeine
citrate tablet.
Anacin,
Coldarin,
Powerin
Theophylline (it is used in combination with
ethylene diamine known as
amilophylline) . injections,
tablets, suppositories
Asthmagen,
Bronkasma,
Minophylline
Nikethamide(coramine) Nikethamide injection coramine,
Nikethyl
Dexamphetamine Dextroamphetamine sulfate
capsule, elixiers oral solution,
tablet
Dexedrin ,
Domafate
OFFICIAL FORMULATION AND BRAND NAMES

12. 1, 3, 7-trimethyl xanthine
Caffeine

13. Summary:
In this class we learnt about :
• The definition.
• Classification of Analeptics with examples.
• Structure, IUPAC Nomenclature.
• Properties.
• Stability and storage conditions.
• Official Formulations.
• Uses And Brand Names.

14. Bibliography:
Concise Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry II ,Dr B.S.Kuchekar &
Dr K.R.Mahadik, Nirali Prakashan, Analeptics.
 Textbook of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry ,Dr Mohammed Ali,
ISBM 9788123903651,CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt Ltd,
Analeptics.

15. Frequently asked Questions:
• Define & Classify Analeptics with examples.
• Write the Properties of Analeptics.
• Write down the Stability ,Storage conditions of Analeptics
• Write the uses of Analeptics .

16. THANK YOU