MSMEs, considered as "Engines of Growth" are crucial for the economy of developing countries like India due to its potential of creating vast employment opportunities. This Sector has caught the attention of policy makers as it is labour intensive and has the potential of reducing the problem of regional imbalances, ensure financial independence of rural people and assist in sustainable development. The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in India is being largely viewed as vital to the economic growth of the country in the 21st century. The present paper will focus on existing scenario and trends of MSME in India. This paper studies the current status of MSME sector in India, its performance, various initiatives taken by the government to accelerate the growth of this sector, as well as the problems faced by the MSMEs in Indian economy. Additionally, this paper dedicates one section to the MSMEs sector in the state of Uttarakhand. The State of Uttarakhand is facing the dire problem of intense migration of people from the hilly terrain particularly due to lack of employment opportunities in the rural areas of Uttarakhand and Uttarakhand badly needs sustainable and inclusive industrial growth of all sub regions of the state. Hence, this paper also analyses the status of MSMEs in the state of Uttarakhand and outlines the problems faced and also recommends the measures that should be taken to promote this sector. The study is a review which was conducted with the help of secondary data retrieved from MSME Annual Reports, other government reports, newspapers and research papers. Simranjeet Kaur Virk | Pinnacci Negi "An Overview of MSME Sector in India with Special Reference to the State of Uttarakhand" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21520.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/public-sector-management/21520/an-overview-of-msme-sector-in-india-with-special-reference-to-the-state-of-uttarakhand/simranjeet-kaur-virk
Dr. Rick Goodman lists some of the most common causes of conflict, and some tips for managing it. For more information on conflict management and workplace conflict resolution visit http://www.rickgoodman.com or http://advantagecontinuingeducationseminars.com/
Dr. Rick Goodman lists some of the most common causes of conflict, and some tips for managing it. For more information on conflict management and workplace conflict resolution visit http://www.rickgoodman.com or http://advantagecontinuingeducationseminars.com/
Power point used by Kai and Ibrahim during their presentation for the master of international business and corporate social responsibility in 2008 at de montfort University
CSR plays a very vital role in the development and growth of any community. This presentation talks about the factors that motivate the organizations to perform CSR activities in India.
The trade cycle refers to the ups and downs in the level of economic activity which extends over a period of several years. If we examine the past statistical record of the business conditions, we will find that business has never run smoothly forever. There are many fluctuations in the period. Sometimes prosperity is followed by adversely. In Economics this tendency of the business activities, to fluctuate from prosperity to adversely is called business cycle.
Prof. Keynes says: " A trade cycle is composed of periods of bad trade characterized by falling prices and high unemployment percentages while a period of a good trade is characterized by rising prices and high employment, percentages."
Growth of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Manipurinventionjournals
Economic development and industrial development is considered as synonym and entrepreneurs play a major role in industrial development. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) extend to the necessary support and compliment to the beneficial effects of industrialization. Entrepreneurship is an important segment of economic growth and micro, small and medium enterprises play a key role in the industrialization of a state. It will also leads to economic development creating vast employment opportunities, redistribution of economic power and income, raising the standard of living for the people and also leads to reduction of regional imbalances, disparities in income, wealth and consumption etc. Manipur has got many areas of strength and opportunities that can raise the state into a developed state with the help of entrepreneurship and micro, small and medium enterprises are an important segment of the economy contributing substantially in the form of production, employment and exports. Numbers of registered industrial units fluctuates each year and this paper attempt to study the level of growth of these enterprises in the state. This paper also attempts to highlight the strength and weaknesses with the overview growth of micro, small and medium enterprises in Manipur.
The Prospects and Problems of MSMEs sector in India an Analytical studyinventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Power point used by Kai and Ibrahim during their presentation for the master of international business and corporate social responsibility in 2008 at de montfort University
CSR plays a very vital role in the development and growth of any community. This presentation talks about the factors that motivate the organizations to perform CSR activities in India.
The trade cycle refers to the ups and downs in the level of economic activity which extends over a period of several years. If we examine the past statistical record of the business conditions, we will find that business has never run smoothly forever. There are many fluctuations in the period. Sometimes prosperity is followed by adversely. In Economics this tendency of the business activities, to fluctuate from prosperity to adversely is called business cycle.
Prof. Keynes says: " A trade cycle is composed of periods of bad trade characterized by falling prices and high unemployment percentages while a period of a good trade is characterized by rising prices and high employment, percentages."
Growth of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Manipurinventionjournals
Economic development and industrial development is considered as synonym and entrepreneurs play a major role in industrial development. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) extend to the necessary support and compliment to the beneficial effects of industrialization. Entrepreneurship is an important segment of economic growth and micro, small and medium enterprises play a key role in the industrialization of a state. It will also leads to economic development creating vast employment opportunities, redistribution of economic power and income, raising the standard of living for the people and also leads to reduction of regional imbalances, disparities in income, wealth and consumption etc. Manipur has got many areas of strength and opportunities that can raise the state into a developed state with the help of entrepreneurship and micro, small and medium enterprises are an important segment of the economy contributing substantially in the form of production, employment and exports. Numbers of registered industrial units fluctuates each year and this paper attempt to study the level of growth of these enterprises in the state. This paper also attempts to highlight the strength and weaknesses with the overview growth of micro, small and medium enterprises in Manipur.
The Prospects and Problems of MSMEs sector in India an Analytical studyinventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Themicro, small and medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the growth accelerators of the Indian economy and for promoting equitable development. The MSME contributes about 30% of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). In terms of exports, they are an integral part of the supply chain and contribute about 40% of the overall exports.Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector has emerged as a highly vibrant and dynamic sector of the Indian economy over the last five decades. MSMEs not only play crucial role in providing large employment opportunities at comparatively lower capital cost than large industries but also help in industrialization of rural & backward areas, thereby, reducing regional imbalances, assuring more equitable distribution of national income and wealth. MSMEs are complementary to large industries as ancillary units and this sector contributes enormously to the socio-economic development of the country. The study aims to analyse the sustainability and success of MSME in India
Growth and Future Prospects of MSME in IndiaIJAEMSJORNAL
In recent years, the significance of MSME has been recognized in the world’s countries for its major contribution in various socio-economic objectives such as higher economic growth and employment, output, nurturing entrepreneurship and encouragement and support for exports. MSME play a vital role in the industrial development of any country. The MSME sector is a backbone of Indian economy for its contribution to growth of Indian economy. This sector is very much important for moves towards a faster and inclusive growth of country. The MSME sector can help for achieving the target of Nation Manufacturing Policy that manufacturing should contribute 25% in India’s GDP by 2022. For that purpose, the government of India has taken a good initiative of “Make in India”. This paper is to focus on performance of MSME & growth and opportunities. It is concluded that this sector significantly contributes in employment, exports and manufacturing output.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Key Government Schemes and Initiatives to support MSMEs, Current Financing Landscape for MSMEs, Issues and Challenges for MSMEs
The Indian MSME sector is the backbone of the national economic structure and has unremittingly acted as the bulwark for the Indian economy, providing it resilience to ward off global economic shocks and adversities. With around 48.8 million units throughout the geographical expanse of the country, MSMEs contribute around 7% of the manufacturing GDP and 31% of the GDP from service activities as well as 37% of India s manufacturing output and 40% of the overall exports.
An Investigation into the Financial Performance of Micro, Small and Medium En...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are an indispensable part of the Indian economy. In terms of Gross Value Added (GVA) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), MSMEs accounted for about 33% and 31% of India's GVA and GDP, respectively, in the year 2019-20. Unlike large enterprises that are concentrated in the metros, MSMEs are spread across smaller and larger rural as well as urban centres of India. They are also the biggest source of employment, especially in rural India, and contribute to the rural development and industrialisation. MSMEs also act as a great social bridge as smaller enterprises are owned by socially backward classes and women than are larger enterprises. For these reasons and more, the India government has always promoted the growth and development of MSMEs through policy initiatives, technology up gradation, and via other means. Consequently, MSMEs have also grown in multi-folds in the past decades in terms of the number of enterprises in operation and the collective revenue of the sector. Several challenges affect the growth of MSMEs, however. One of these is the limited academic studies into the financial performance of MSMEs, probably due to the unavailability of adequate data. The present research attempts to fill this gap by conducting a financial performance evaluation of 51 sample MSMEs based in the district of Nanded, Maharashtra. The research utilizes Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to compare the financial performance of sample MSMEs selectively using the suitable variables identified by Arasu et al. (2021). Findings suggest sharp differences in the financial performance of sample units. Inefficient units are suggested to improve their return on asset, return on capital employed, and net profit margin.
Review of Steps Taken by Government for MSME's in Digital Indiaijtsrd
The MSME sector is also known as growth engine of Indian economy, this sector is playing a major role in country' GDP by its contribution in service sector as well as in manufacturing sector, in many research studies, it has been identified that MSME sector is not getting government support in the manner it has to be. In this era of digitalization, the need of hour is "digital platforms" to ease out the process and easy access of information, so that Micro Small and Medium scale enterprises benefitted by it. This research paper has focused on the new digital initiatives taken by government of India to scale up MSME', and how these initiatives can benefit the Indian MSME sector. Dr. Parul Sharda"Review of Steps Taken by Government for MSME' in Digital India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd16988.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/general-management/16988/review-of-steps-taken-by-government-for-msme's-in-digital-india/dr-parul-sharda
Empowering MSMEs through financing and linkagesMisbah Hussain
This reports aims to help the MSME sector, especially in
east and north-eastern parts of the country, better
understand the challenges and devise strategies accordinglyto deal with the odds.
Progress and performance of micro, small and medium enterprises in indiaRAVICHANDIRANG
Micro, small and medium enterprises are powerful segment of the industrial development of a country. These sectors performed well with multidimensional aspects of the socio-economic aspects. Growth and progress of MSME in India is an emerging aspects which directly associated with the sustainable development in the country. This article is focused on the Progress and Performance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in India with reference to MSME in of India.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
An Overview of MSME Sector in India with Special Reference to the State of Uttarakhand
1. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume: 3 | Issue: 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 - 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Reference Paper ID – IJTSRD21520 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Page: 891
An Overview of MSME Sector in India with
Special Reference to the State of Uttarakhand
Simranjeet Kaur Virk1, Pinnacci Negi2
1Student, Bachelors of Business Administration, 2Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies,
1,2Graphic Era Deemed to Be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
ABSTRACT
MSMEs, considered as “Engines of Growth” are crucial for the economy of developing countries likeIndiadueto its potentialof
creating vast employment opportunities. This Sector has caught the attention of policy makers as it islabourintensiveandhas
the potential of reducing the problem of regional imbalances, ensure financial independence of rural people and assist in
sustainable development. The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in India is being largely viewed as vital to the economic
growth of the countryin the 21st century. The present paper will focus on existing scenario and trends of MSME in India. This
paper studies the current status of MSME sector in India, its performance, various initiatives taken by the government to
accelerate the growth of this sector, as well as the problems faced by the MSMEs in Indian economy. Additionally, this paper
dedicates one section to the MSMEs sector in the state of Uttarakhand. The State of Uttarakhand is facing the dire problem of
intense migration of people from the hilly terrain particularly due to lack of employment opportunities in the rural areas of
Uttarakhand and Uttarakhand badly needs sustainable andinclusiveindustrialgrowthof allsubregions of thestate. Hence,this
paper also analyses the status of MSMEs in the state of Uttarakhand and outlines the problems faced andalso recommendsthe
measures that should be taken to promote this sector. The study is a review which was conducted with the help of secondary
data retrieved from MSME Annual Reports, other government reports, newspapers and research papers.
Keywords: MSMEs, India, Uttarakhand, micro, small and medium Enterprises, Indian Economy
INTRODUCTION
MSME is an exclusive sector of Indian economy which
overlooks the micro, small and medium enterprises leading
to an increase in the scale of growth.(www.msme.in) Beinga
crucial and integral part of Indian economy and commerce
these enterprises are also associated with entrepreneurship
and development of entrepreneurs in India. Concept of
MSME in regard to governmentalpolicies is directlylinked to
the entrepreneurs. Governmental policies related toMSMEs
in India can be complex but may be very effective in
elimination of poverty and increase income level leading to
development of entrepreneurial sector. Understanding the
concept and extraction of business benefits from this
concept can be proved as an effective tool for the
development of budding as well as existingentrepreneurs in
India. Moreover, as per the government of India
(www.gov.in) MSME is nowadays seen asanaddednutrition
to the Indian scale of growth and development. However,
Dhangi, 2014 in a study mentioned in an international
journal says that MSMEs are the essence of growth of
economy in India as well as worldwide and women are also
getting due recognition in this sector.
In this paper we will study about background MSME its
definition as per the view of government of India and the
Reserve bank of India in the first section. Succeeding this
section, the current profile of MSME in India along with our
state Uttarakhand and various schemes in regard to MSME
are elaborated. Following the continuum we will have an
insight of performance of MSME and problems related to
prospects of MSME occurring due to various hindrances in
pathway of MSME.
DECODING MSME:
MSME stands for Micro Small & Medium Enterprises
governed by MSMED (Micro Small & Medium Enterprise
Development) Act 2006. As per the explanation of the
Development Commissioner pertaining to the Ministry of
Micro Small & Medium Enterprises it is one comprehensive
act that supervise the regulation of small enterprises along
with a focus on their development at wider lens that are not
that big giant players in the market economy. There had
been a demand of this sector for such an act to be passed to
set the sector free from the tangles of the laws and
regulations and the visits of inspectors which the sectorwas
facing with limited resources and lack of awareness, hence
the aim was to recommend and provide a legitimate
framework for small sector to give small sector a relief from
compliance to bunch of laws and rules. (www.ma-cs.com )
DEFINING MSME:
As the government of India enacted the MICRO SMALL &
MEDIUM ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT ACT in 2006 ,
(www.rbi.org.in / www.gov.in) the micro smallandmedium
enterprises were definedin terms of the enterprises engaged
in the manufacturing of goods and rendering services.
Categories for these enterprises were brought into the form
as follows:
As per the year 2006 the classification of MANUFACTURING
industries was given as follows:
Category
Manufacturing
Industry
(Investment in Plant
and Machinery)
Service Industry
(Investment in
Equipments)
MICRO
Not exceeding rs. 25
lakhs
not exceeding rs.
10 lakhs
SMALL
Between rs. 25 lakhs
to 5 crores
Between rs. 10
lakhs to 2 crores
MEDIUM
Between rs. 5 crores
to 10 crores
between rs. 2
crore to 5 crore
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Reference Paper ID – IJTSRD21520 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Page: 892
As per the amendment in the act in February , 2018,
(www.indianeconomy.net ) the current design fortheMSME
distribution on the basis of annual turnover of the
manufacturing and the service industries is as follows :
CATEGORY
CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS
OF ANNUAL TURNOVER OF THE
MANUFACTURING AND
SERVICE INDSTRY
MICRO Not exceeding rs. 5 crore
SMALL Between 5 crore to rs. 75 crore
MEDIUM Between 75 crore to 250 crore
This was is the new classification of micro, small and
medium enterprises which is based on the value of the
annual turnover of the industry.Itwas proposedandapplied
by the Government from February 2018.
MSMEs are a device of growth for our country. Near about
90% share of total enterprises isoccupiedbyMSMEs in India
and to stimulate the growth of the nation MSMEs need to be
empowered , educated and and directed towards the
optimum resource utilization to harness the best results
(Shiralashetti,2012)
CURRENT STATUS AND PERFORMANCE OF MSME
SECTOR IN INDIA:
MSMEs play a vital role in the expansion of entrepreneurship
scale by contributing various innovative means. Now, in the
present era, MSMEs arereachingnewheights, (annualreport
2017-2018) MSMEs are now having a global reach from
India by entering the diverse markets and by capturing a
wider share worldwide. The micro, small and medium
industries have been great contributor in the gross value
added and the gross domestic product of our economy i.e,
GVA and GDP.
Mentioned in the annual report of our country
corresponding to the year 2017-2018 released by the
Ministry of micro small and medium enterprise
(Government Of India), the data provided by Central
Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of statistics & programme
Implementation the contribution of micro, small and
medium firms in the gross value added and the gross
domestic product have been as follows:
CONTRIBUTION OF MSMEs IN COUNTRY’S ECONOMY BASED ON CURRENT PRICES is elaborated as follows:
(http://msme.gov.in)
(Figures in crores),
Year
Msme Gross
Value Added
Growth
%
Total Gross
Value
Added
Share of Msme
in Gross Value
Added
Total Gross
Domestic
Product
Share of Msme in
Gross Domestic
Product (in %)
2011-2012 2583263 - 8106946 31.86 8736329 29.57
2012-2013 2977623 15.27 9202692 32.36 9944013 29.94
2013-2014 3343009 12.27 10363153 32.26 11233522 29.76
2014-2015 3658196 9.34 11481794 31.86 12445128 29.39
2015-2016 3936788 7.62 12458642 31.60 13682035 28.77
The above mentioned report shows that the contribution of
MSMEs have been around approximate figure of 33% i.e,
almost one third of third of the total gross value added and
the share of MSMEs have been nearly 30% in the total gross
domestic product. This shows that MSMEs have captured a
good part as a major determinant of the national economy
during these 5 years mentioned in the latest annual
report.(www.msme.in )
MEASUREMENT OF THE PERFORMANCE OF MSMEs IN
INDIA:
There are some resources mentioned below are the key
determinants that show the performance of microsmalland
medium sector of India highlighted by latest annual report
by government of India(Annual report 2017-2018) , on
micro small and medium enterprises of the year 2017-2018
(www.msme.gov.in )
NATIONAL SAMPLE SURVEY, the 73rd round of thenational
sample survey basedonthe unincorporated non-agricultural
enterprises in manufacturing, trade and other service
sectors (except construction) expose the latest account of
the MSME sector performance as the estimated number of
633.92 lakh enterprises only 4000 were large and thereby
out of MSME sector. (www.msme.gov.in)
One more indicator of performance of MSME sector is the
report of the economic census created by the central
statistics office which is the REPORT OF 6TH ECONOMIC
CENSUS which is majorly seen for the detailed data
collection mainly of non-agricultural sectorof economy,this
census has been conducted in 2013-14 as the latest census ,
and this report says that 58.5 million establishments were
found to be in operation whereas 34.8 million (whichmeans
59.48%) establishments were found in the rural areas and
the rest 23.7 million (which means 40.52%) establishments
were found as located in the urban areas.
(www.msme.gov.in)
(http://msme.gov.in) Micro small and medium enterprise
sector have an active participantin theeconomicgrowth and
development leading various new set ups and occupying a
huge share in the total commercial units. MSMEs have also
put a great hand in uplifting the rural sections by pulling
them up to the level of a great economic value and we can
made it evident by the complementing the economic census
report .
Kumar & Sardar, 2012 alsohighlight theimportanceof micro
small and medium enterprises by quoting the efficient and
diversified performance of MSMEs inIndiabyamplifyingthe
industrial growth. They mentioned the nature of MSMEs as
the more labour intensive and less capital intensive. MSMEs
have also been an important sector of employment for the
rural India and the measure of removing unemployment
from the urban India.
Indian economy is abundant of demand due to co existence
of variety and diversity to a large extent creating a path for
MSME sector to grow and come up with a stage for new
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Reference Paper ID – IJTSRD21520 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Page: 893
innovations and inventions. This is a core feature which is
helpful in seeking and maintaining the balance in the
economy and enhancementin thegrowthbymicrosmalland
medium firms or enterprises. MSME sector have also been
performing the role of a great opportunity as well as a
platform of development for entrepreneurs leading to a rise
in entrepreneurial development
INITIATIVES UNDER MSME ACT IN INDIA:
As per the amended MSME act, there are several
initiatives taken up by the government of India for the
sake micro small and medium sector enterprises.Under
this light, recent steps inclusive of tax concessions in the
budget with regard to the micro small and medium
enterprises with aim of conversion and transformation
in the MSME sector with a numeral of 6.33 crore for
making MSME a growth booster sector to Indian
economy referring “newIndia” (m.economictimes.com).
The launch of digital MSME scheme rotatingonthepoint
of cloud computing that comes upas an economic wayof
alternating IT infrastructure installed by micro small
and medium enterprises to manage their business
processes in a more effective manner( www.pib.nic.in).
During the year 2015, the government of India,Ministry
of micro smalland medium enterprises, has taken many
initiatives and one of them to be very effective and
efficient with regard to the entrepreneurship
development was regarding the ease of doing business.
In this year a very big initiative related to business
development was taken (www.gov.in ).In this initiatives
over 95,000 aadhar memorandums werefiledregarding
the ease of doing business. (www.msme.gov.in ). This
lead to making of the micro small and medium
enterprises competitive at global level. It included ease
of registration of the business in the form of aadhar
memorandum , it also aimed at uplifting the MSMEs
which went sick during the past times. .(www.pib.nic.in
This resulted in promotion of the in rural
entrepreneurship and it also came out with new
innovative ideas for expansion of the MSME sector.
(www.udyogaadhar.gov.in ) This was ASPIRE SCHEME
of the government that came up with financial help as in
the form of credit guarantee ). This was implemented by
udyog adhar memorandum addressed by Shri kalraj
mishra , the on date minister of microsmalland medium
enterprises, on 6th October , 2015 along with the
secretary minister of micro small and medium
enterprises and steel , Dr. Anup K. Pujari and the
director general (M&C) and the Press information
officer shri A.P. frank naronha. ( www.pib.nic.in ).
During the year 2018 prime minister shri narendra
modi also took a very big initiative of launching historic
support and outreach initiatives forMSMEsector.In this
initiative the prime minister also exposed the 12 major
decisions targeted towards the growth and
development, ease of the working of MSMEs and
facilitating the expansion of micro small and medium
enterprises. (www.msme.gov.in ).
Prime minister shri narendra modi also revealed that the
fruitful results of the MSME schemes in India can be
precisely understood by the achievement of our country of
rising from the rank of 142 to the rank of 77 in the “ease of
doing business rankings” in the last four years.
(www.msme.in). Prime minister highlighted the 5 key
aspects that are necessary for the sake or the efficiency of
the MSME sector. They are basically an easy access to
credit, easily accessible market, an efficient and
upgraded technology , ease of doing business and the
sense of social security and belongingness of employees
(www.pib.nic.in) . These 12 major steps were elaborated by
the honourable prime minister as follows:
The first announcement was related to thecreditfacility
itself. In this a 59 minute loan portal has been
introduces by the prime minister. According to the
prime minister, a loan credit of upto the principleof rs.1
crore to MSMEs can be granted with the help of this
portal in just 59 minutes. This would be great support
for MSMEs in India. (www.pib.nic.in )
The second announcement was introduced as a
subvention of 2% interest for all GST registered
MSMEs.(www.pib.nic.in )
The third declaration was to bring all the companies
with a turnover of more than 500 crore into the trade
receivables e-discounting system (TReDS) facilitating
the easy credit facility for entrepreneurs
(www.pib.nic.in).
The fourth statement, made bythe prime ministerfocus
upon the factor of market access. This enables a new
guideline for the public companies to make 25%oftheir
total purchase instead of 20% from the MSMEs.
(www.pib.nic.in)
The fifth key decision was that the women
entrepreneurs. It was about reservation of 3%
procurement from women entrepreneurs out of total
25% procurement by public companies mentioned in
the previous announcement.(www.pib.nic.in)
Sixth announcement was that all the public sector
undertakings of the central government must now be
registered under GeM as a part and parcel of GeM.
(www.pib.nic.in)
Seventh declaration was that 20 hubs along with 100
spokes in form of the tool rooms will be established
across the country. This was on enhancement of the
technology. (www.pib.nic.in)
Eight statement was on ease of doing business pointing
the groups or the bunches to be formed of pharma
MSMEs and the 70% share of the expenses of
establishing these clusters will be borne by the central
government.(www.pib.nic.in).
The ninth announcement was on labour law taking into
consideration that the return as per 8 labour laws and
10 union regulation must now be filed only one time in
an year. (www.pib.nic.in).
Tenth announcement was noted that establishments’
inspector for the visit will be decided randomly by
computer system. (www.pib.nic.in).
In the eleventh announcement, primeministersaid that,
under air pollution and water pollution laws have been
merged as a common and single consent
only.(www.pib.nic.in).
In the twelfth statement, the prime minister mentioned
about the ordinance brought under which the
entrepreneurs will no longer have toapproach the couts
for minor violations under the companies act , but can
be solved out by simple procedures.(www.pib.nic,in).
Moreover apart from these factors, prime minister also
talked about the employees’ social security. He said that
mission will be launched to ensurethat alltheemployees are
holding Jan dhan accounts, provident funds and insuranceto
make sure that the employees in MSMEs are able to harness
the benefits and are socially secure (www.pib.nic.in ).
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Reference Paper ID – IJTSRD21520 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Page: 894
PROBLEMS RELATED TO MSMEs IN INDIA:
Dr. Sultan Singh Jaiswal (2014) in his study in international
journal of innovation and research says that the MSME
sector plays a vital role in the economical growth but
according to the report of subgroups on unorganised sector
(which was the group working on MSMEs growth during the
12th 5 year plan of our economy) it could be observed that
due to diversity and and heterogeneity in the MSME sector,
there can be many obstacles and problems across the way of
MSMEs.
Some of the common problems as studied by Jaswal, 2014
that can be faced by the MSMEs can be observed as follows:
There can be some challenging situations faced by the
MSMEs as highlighted by the prime minister mentioned
earlier in the paper i.e., problem of availability of credit
facilities , problem of market access, issues related to the
infrastructure , obstacles in way of access to people and
problem of access to technology, environmental threats and
the issue of effective regulation.
Moreover, the other challenges faced by the MSMEs can be
the following ones:
Mortgage requirements, issue of accessibility to the equity
capital, problems of supply to government departments,
warehousing problems, lack of efficient manpower, multiple
labour laws hindering and making the labour work more
casual, taxation and direct or indirect burdens and
obligations may also be a constraint for the business.
So, the above mentioned problems are some hurdles in the
way of MSMEs to work however the initiatives and schemes
are being introduced since years meant to curb these issues
making it mote flexible and reducing the complexities.
MSME SECTOR IN UTTRAKHAND:
Uttarakhand is a state which is abundant in terms of
resources as well it carries enough characteristics and
conditions which are required for setting up and running an
industry
According to Patra & Chaubey ,2014 the best and most
attractive factor for the entrepreneurs is the benefits that
they get out of the business they do and Uttrakhand is an
indication which clarifies that natural and climatic factors of
uttrakhand state attracted most of the entrepreneurs to set
up and run their business here. The analysis also states that
there are various facilities which are an attraction for the
business units. Uttrakhand have some very beneficial
nutrients such as good power supply and better water
facilities as compared to some other northern states.
Moreover, the facilities regarding the subsidies and the
concession, training for entrepreneurial activities , land
resources , marketing space , schemes related to upgrading
technology are such factors that attractthe entrepreneursto
uttrakhand and that work as a helping hand in
entrepreneurial development. On the flip side, the shortage
of suitable manpower and some marketobstacles likelack of
proper exploration may be responsible for hindered
performance of business. (www.dcmsme.gov.in).
So we can say that, Uttrakhand is rich source of bio-
resources and carries extremely good climate due to
presence of the adequate natural characteristics. Rich flora
and fauna gives rise to new doors being opened welcoming
new projects and business ideas to be executed in its rich
boundaries. Adequate water and power supply givereliance
to the business firms for a better work and hence MSMEs do
have a positive support in uttrakhand,
Districts of uttrakhand are also benefitted by various
schemes and government plans and policies giving an
advantage to MSMEs which is also a favourable sign related
to entrepreneurial development. As per the recent analysis
of 2018, it is obtained that almost all the districts of
uttarakhand have been benefitted by the MSME sector and
the industrial sector have also been growing in the MSME
sector. (www.smeventure.com)
The MSME policy of Uttarakhand is an offering related to
small & medium enterprises regarding few incentives such
as interest subsidy and VAT (value added tax)
reimbursement, capital investment subsidy that would be
seen in the form till 31st of march, 2020, whereas the
benefits can be extracted from incentives till 31st march
2025. (www.doiuk.org)
The primary objective of the micro small and medium
enterprises in the state is to move one thousand young
people to up business visions in a consistent manner.
However, two small scale material parks are also set up in
the pithoragarh districts and the chamoli district at
munsiyari and bhimtalla respectively. The aim is promoting
and propagating investment and making the state an
industrial hub. Moreover, the target is to enhance the use of
local and domestic capital leading to more employment
opportunities reducing the condition of unemployment in
the state and uplifting the hidden talent through talent
education which is not being utilised to its best level. The
administration aims at accomplishing the mentioned
objectives till the year 2020. (www.smeventure.com)
The State of Uttarakhand is divided into 13 districts, i.e.
Nainital, Udham Singh Nagar, Almora, Pithoragarh,
Champawat, Bageshwar, Chamoli, Uttarkashi, Rudraprayag,
Dehradun, Pauri, Tehri and Haridwar.
According to Industry Association of Uttarakhand (IAU),
more than 19,000 registered micros, small and medium
enterprises (MSMEs) causing an estimated Rs531.20 crores
loss to the sector, were hit in the natural disaster which
ruined the Uttarakhand State in 2013. The types of business
activities which were affected due to floods include
Pharmaceuticals, Hotel Industry, Tour & Travel operator,
Eateries, Cabs, Food Processing, Agriculture, Tourism
Industry, Hotel Restaurant, Fabrication, Handloom and
handicrafts. Since then, the overall growth rate of MSMEs in
Uttarakhand has not been remarkable.
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
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Incentives for MSME sector in Uttarakhand
Hill policy of 2008 was meant for uplifting the backward
areas particularly in the hilly terrains. It was brought for
employment to the youth belonging to thebackwardregions
giving rise to the MSMEs in the state.
However, the industries were classified as green andorange
category which were understood as the non-polluting
industries and this scheme was applicable to the industries
of this category only.
In May 2015, the schemes that were elaborated by the state
directorate of industries, Dehradun, are as follows :
Subsidy on capital investment, interest and reimbursement
of value added tax were there till 31 march, 2020, but the
failures that would have been faced underthescheme can be
recovered till the year 2025.
Districts of the state were divided into four broad categories
named as A, B ,C and D for a better and clear understanding
of the policy and its implementation wherein , the industries
belonging to category A were considered as the most
backward and the industries of category D were assumed as
the most developed industries.
The subsidy distribution for the different industries was as
follows:
Subsidy
Category
A
Category
B
Category
C
Category
D
Investment
subsidy
40% 35% 30% 15%
Interest
subsidy
10% 8% 6% -
Some policies formulated by department of MSMEs along
with the industries association of Uttarakhand also focussed
on development of the infrastructure, cluster development
and schemes of union were also up for building small rooms
to build up a land bank to provide concession to MSMEs on
land. It also aimed at affective trainingandskilldevelopment
of the young employees.
Other incentives such as E-officeforpaperless work, national
portal for filing of EM-I & EM-II, virtual cluster portal for
common applications and credit scoring models at
msmevirtualcluster.in and B2C web portal of NSIC have also
been launched for the sake of MSMEs. An Employment
Facilitation Portal set up by NIESBUD was launched by the
Minister (MSME) on 11th July, 2014. The government has
placed all the forms and guidelines of the schemes
implemented by the Ministry on its website. Online
applications have been introduced for most number of
schemes.
Problems faced by MSMEs in Uttarakhand
UTTRAKHAND has been facing some crucial problems since
last few decades that are responsible for hindering the
performance of MSMEs in the state. Some of them are
mentioned below;
There is a problem of effective marketing and selling in
the state due to uneven geographical factors.
Inadequate Infrastructure
Lower technology levels
The industries are heavily weighed down by the rules
and regulation imposed on them.
There is a shortage of financial benefits and capital
investment in the MSME sector
Shortage of energy leading to high energy cost is also an
issue.
Problems of storage, designing, packaging and product
display
Youth of the state lacks in proper skilldevelopment and
training.
Lack of proper research and development is also an
issue.
Recommendations forboosting the growth in the MSME
sector of Uttarakhand
Following steps may augment the formation and position of
MSME in the State:
Following Cluster Development Approach may be
beneficial for enhancing sustainable growth in MSME
sector.
Strengthening Training Institutions and training
facilitation in the rural and remote areas;
Providing Better marketing assistance to MSMEs and
bolstering /creation of existing/new marketingsupport
infrastructure or institutions.
Rural Outreach Programme can help boost this sector,
with faculty and students of academic institutions
sharing their knowledge, ideas and resources with the
msme units.
Introduction of a Public Procurement Policy for MSMEs
for assisting the MSMEs in expanding their market
share.
The principal sources of technological innovations are
the academia, R&D organisations, individualinnovators,
etc. The key challenge, however, is technology transfer
which will foster innovation, technology
entrepreneurship and above all, opportunities to SMEs
to attempt highrisk pre-proof-of-concept R&D.
Encouraging innovations through setting up of large
number of business incubators in educational
institutions of repute and providing skill training to
unemployed youths in the State
Introducing Micro-credit schemes particularly for
service sector micro units can play a key role in poverty
reduction and regional development.
Operationalising a scheme for supporting the States to
set up Rehabilitation Funds andlaunchsuitableschemes
for the rehabilitation of enterprises temporarily
rendered sick due to no particular fault of theirs.
CONCLUSION
MSMEs are termed as the “engine of economic growth” of
any country both developed and developing but specially
developing countries. It’s the panacea to alleviate poverty
and also a proven way to improve the quality of life
particularly for the poor people. Uttarakhand is facing the
severe problem of migration of people from hills to the
plains in pursuit of better employment opportunities. This
has led to the creation of many ghost villages up hills and
severe stress on resources and infrastructure in the plain
areas. If we wish to curtail this trend in the hill regions,
creation of adequate employment opportunities in MSMEs is
critical. MSMEs have the potential to act as catalysts of
growth and thus curb this societal crisis. The State should
strive for MSME penetration across all the thirteen districts
to ensure an overall development of the state. Also, the
Uttarakhand Government needs to provide adequate
support and take certain protectionist measures in order to
allow the MSME develop to its full potential in the state.
6. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
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