Systematic reviews aim to synthesize evidence from multiple studies to answer a research question in a reproducible and unbiased manner. This document outlines the key steps in conducting a systematic review, including identifying the research question, determining inclusion/exclusion criteria, searching literature sources, screening studies, extracting and analyzing data, and reporting results. Conducting systematic reviews rigorously following established guidelines helps ensure high quality and trustworthy conclusions that can guide clinical practice.

1. WRITING AN INTRODUCTION OF
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF
LITERATURE - A QUICK
REFERENCE TABLE
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Systematic review, meta-analysis, systematic review of literature,
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2. Introduction
Systematic reviews are performed to synthesizing the evidence of multiple scientific investigations to answer a
specific research question in a manner that is reproducible and transparent while seeking to include all published
evidence on the topic followed evaluating the quality of this evidence..
Systematic review remains among the best forms of evidence and reduce the bias inherent in other methods.
In the disciplines of public policy health and health sciences, the systematic reviews have become a main
methodology..
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3. DIFFERENT TYPES OF A
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Meta-analysis: A meta-analysis utilizes statistical methods to incorporate
appraisals of impact from relevant studies that are independent yet comparable
and outline them.
Quantitative: To combine the results of 2 or more studies by using statistical
analysis is called quantitative analysis.
Qualitative: The qualitative analysis generally defined as the results of the relevant
studies are summarized but not combined statistically.
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4. Identification of research question
Inclusion & exclusion criteria
Rigorous & systematic search of the literature
Critical appraisal of included studies
Data extraction and management
Analysis & interpretation of results
Report for publication
KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
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5. Identification of research question
The identification of the research question is significant before undertaking a systematic review of literature. For
instance, for what reason is this survey essential? What question should be replying?.
There are a variety of frameworks/tools available for supporting this process such as SPIDER,PICOS/PICO, SPICE and
PEOcriteria. These kinds of frameworks help to break down the question into relevant subcomponents and map
them to concepts, to derive a formalized search criterion.
Inclusion & exclusion criteria
It is important to determine the eligibility criteria before starting the systematic review including methods, study design,
set criteria for the topic and the methodological quality of studies.
Guidelines for systematic review
The PRISMAguidelines are widely followed by researchers in writing a systematic review. The PRISMAguidelines
guide researchers on how to write a systematic review and that comprises a flow diagram and a 27-item checklist.
A protocol of PRISMAguidelines including (1) Databases to be searched and additional sources ( 2 ) Keywords to be
used in the search strategy ( 3 ) Limits applied to the search ( 4 ) Limits applied to the search ( 5 ) Screening process
( 6 ) Data to be extracted and ( 7 ) Summary of data to be reported.
STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED BEFORE
DRAFTING A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
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6. Some important web source for the article screening including PubMed (Biomedical and life sciences topic), Medline
(Biomedical information and life sciences), Embase (Biomedical information), Web of Science (Multi discipline science),
Biosis (Life sciences and biomedical topics), PsycINFO (Behavior and mental health), SCOPUS (Life sciences, social
sciences, physical sciences and health science), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature),
Cochrane Library (Database of systematic reviews), CENTRAL (The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and
OpenGrey (Grey literature).
Title and abstract screening
The title and abstract of the articles should be screened whether the title and abstract are relevant to the present
research.
Full text review
The remaining articles screened in an above mentioned way and the relevant articles are read in their entire texts.
Data extraction
The essential data of the articles are extracted in a data extract sheet in a uniform and structured manner. The
extraction sheets may differ based on the study’s purpose. Generally, the data extraction sheet of containing the
title of the article, study design, region, sample size, interventions and outcomes (Mueller et al, 2017).
Data analysis
The screened studies results can be analyzed by separating them based on the subthemes, themes often
referred to as meta-synthesis (Siddaway et al,2019).
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7. Abstract
The abstract should contain a brief background, the aim of the study, a summary of methodology, a summary of
the results, conclusion and keywords.
Introduction
The chapter contains a brief background about the present study followed by an overview of the aim and
objectives of the study undertaken.
Methods
The methodology should be containing a full justification and explanation for the managing and searching steps.
Specifically, the justification contains a full explanation about inclusion/exclusion criteria, search string, searching
strategy, limitations, how studies were screened, data extraction protocol, method of quality assessment and
statistical analysis.
Results
The quantitative explanation and evidence must be given to the process of study exclusion/inclusion and
summarized in a specific flow diagram. A characteristic of study summary should be obtained, sum of all studies,
age range, mean/median and other characteristics.
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STRUCTUREOF
SYSTEMATICREVIEW

8. Discussion
To discuss the present study with the light of relative research done in other studies.
The main component of the discussion chapter should be focused on discussing
and identifying the limitations of studies included in the review.
Conclusion
The conclusion should be containing the summary of different aspects of the
present study, the results generated as well as future scope of research and the
conclusions derived from the present study.
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9. SUMMARY
A systematic review of literature tends to be one of the most trusted sources of high-quality
information for clinical decisions.
Knowing the elements of a review will help practitioners evaluate their output more effectively.
There are many formal structures that help organize and monitor evaluations, for which
reproducibility is recommended.
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